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E-grāmata: Benchmarking and Self-Assessment for Parliaments

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Benchmarking and Self-Assessment for ParliamentsPalielināt
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This edited volume presents the comprehensive review of the work on developing assessment frameworks for democratic parliaments. The book identifies areas of internationally agreed consensus among the current sets of standards and principles, and areas of potential further consensus by examining national case studies and drawing a first set of lessons of experience. Additionally, it brings in regional perspectives on standards for democratic parliaments. Since parliaments are just beginning to test or apply the different frameworks many will need assistance from partners in the parliamentary strengthening and donor community to take such an exercise forward. Therefore, there is a need for broader understanding on principles behind different benchmarks, to discuss the relevance of each type of benchmark framework to specific regional and national context, and to determine how Parliaments would benefit from changes that would allow them to meet the benchmark.
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Abbreviations xix
Introduction 1(6)
Mitchell O'Brien
Summary
1(1)
Outline of the Book
2(1)
Systems of Benchmarks
3(1)
The Evaluation Criteria
4(1)
Trends in Governance and Benchmarks
4(1)
The Cases of Sri Lanka, Canada, and Australia
5(1)
References
6(1)
Chapter 1 Benchmarks and Self-Assessment Frameworks for Parliaments 7(54)
Lisa von Trapp
Introduction
7(2)
Key Actors and Assessment Frameworks
9(4)
Parliamentary Benchmarks and Self-Assessment Frameworks as Part of a Larger Trend
13(2)
The Frameworks: Commonalities and Differences
15(3)
The Frameworks and Gender
18(1)
Initial Guidelines for Using the Frameworks and Experiences at the National Level
19(3)
Conclusions
22(1)
Annex 1A: Overview of the Process, 2004-10
23(4)
Annex 1B: Key Actors and Assessment Frameworks
27(5)
Annex 1C: International IDEA's Questions on the Democratic Effectiveness of Parliament
32(1)
Annex 1D: The Frameworks: Commonalities and Differences
33(18)
Annex 1E: Regional Perspectives
51(5)
Notes
56(2)
References
58(3)
Chapter 2 The IPU's Self-Assessment Toolkit 61(12)
David Beetham
Introduction
61(1)
Possible Contexts for Using the Toolkit
62(1)
Issues Covered by the Toolkit
62(1)
Using the Toolkit
63(4)
Use of the Toolkit to Date
67(1)
Conclusion and Next Steps
68(1)
Annex 2A: Full List of Self-Assessment Questions
69(2)
Note
71(1)
References
71(2)
Chapter 3 Benchmarks for Commonwealth Parliaments and Legislatures 73(24)
Akbar Khan
Background
73(1)
Development of the Benchmarks
74(2)
Content of the Benchmarks
76(1)
Development of Regional Benchmarks
76(1)
Going Forward
77(4)
Annex 3A: Recommended Benchmarks for Democratic Legislatures
81(6)
Annex 3B: Recommended Benchmarks for Codes of Conduct for Parliamentarians
87(5)
Notes
92(3)
References
95(2)
Chapter 4 The Democratic Reality of Parliaments: What Evaluation Criteria? 97(14)
M. Pascal Terrasse
Introduction
97(1)
Role of the APF
98(1)
Development Process of the Evaluation Method
99(1)
Specific Content of the Evaluation Criteria
100(7)
Challenges of Developing Evaluation Criteria for the Francophone World
107(1)
Conclusion
108(1)
Notes
109(1)
References
109(2)
Chapter 5 The Parliamentary Confederation of the Americas: Toward the Consolidation of Parliamentary Democracy 111(16)
Jacques Chagnon
Introduction to COPA
111(1)
Development of the Benchmarks
112(1)
The Adoption and Looking Forward
113(1)
Annex 5A: Recommended Benchmarks for the Parliaments of the Americas
114(12)
Notes
126(1)
References
126(1)
Chapter 6 Benchmarking for Democratic Parliaments 127(12)
Anthony Staddon
Dick Toornstra
Introduction
127(1)
Merits of Benchmarking
127(1)
Systems of Benchmarking
128(3)
Parliamentary Entry Points for Benchmark and Assessment Frameworks
131(3)
Conclusion
134(1)
Notes
135(1)
References
136(3)
Chapter 7 Parliamentary Benchmarks: A Requisite for Effective Official Development Assistance 139(16)
Alice French
Introduction
139(1)
Decentralization of the Aid Program, Budget Support, and the Trend to Country Ownership
140(3)
Implications of the New Aid Model for Donor Organizations
143(4)
Budget Support and the Implications for Parliaments
147(2)
Benchmarks Required for Mutual Accountability
149(2)
Conclusion
151(1)
Notes
152(1)
References
153(2)
Chapter 8 The Role of Parliamentary Monitoring Organizations 155(20)
Andrew G. Mandelbaum
Daniel R. Swislow
Introduction
155(1)
Roles and Effects of PMOs
156(2)
Development of Normative Frameworks for Democratic Parliaments and Global Emergence of PMOs
158(2)
The Declaration as a Contribution to International Parliamentary Norms and Standards
160(2)
Content of the Declaration
162(4)
Benefits of Greater Collaboration between PMOs and Parliaments on Normative Frameworks
166(4)
Strengthening the Capacity of PMOs to Refine and Apply Democratic Norms and Standards
170(1)
Notes
171(1)
References
172(3)
Chapter 9 The African Parliamentary Index 175(22)
Rasheed Draman
Introduction
175(1)
Parliamentary Capacities in Africa
175(2)
Purpose and Scope of the API
177(1)
Approach and Methodology
177(2)
Conclusion
179(1)
Annex 9A: Self-Assessment for African Parliaments-Parliaments' Role in the Budget Process
180(16)
Note
196(1)
References
196(1)
Chapter 10 Assessing Parliamentary Oversight in Sri Lanka 197(30)
Raja Gomez
Introduction
197(1)
Background
197(1)
IPU Toolkit for Self-Assessment
198(8)
CPA Benchmarks and the Sri Lankan Parliament
206(17)
Conclusion
223(1)
Notes
224(1)
References
225(2)
Chapter 11 Building on the CPA Benchmarks to Establish a Parliamentary Accountability and Management Framework: The Case of Canada 227(14)
Jill Anne Joseph
Introduction
227(1)
Guidelines for Benchmarking Frameworks
228(2)
Identifying Core Products, Processes, and Services
230(7)
Conclusion
237(1)
Notes
237(1)
References
238(3)
Chapter 12 Rating the ACT Legislative Assembly against CPA Benchmarks for Democratic Legislatures: From an "A-" to an "AA"'? 241(18)
Wayne Berry
Tom Duncan
Introduction
241(1)
The First Benchmark Exercise: 2006
242(3)
The Second Benchmark Exercise: 2011
245(3)
Conclusion
248(1)
Annex 12A: Results of the First Benchmarking Exercise
248(9)
Notes
257(1)
Reference
257(2)
Chapter 13 Assessing Parliament Using the CPA Benchmarks and the IPU Toolkit: A Personal Perspective from Kiribati 259(18)
Taomati Iuta
Background
259(1)
Objective of the CPA Benchmarking Exercise
260(1)
Practical Applications Leading to Valuable Assessments
261(1)
A Higher Standard for Kiribati's Parliament
261(2)
Concluding Remarks: A Vision for Kiribati
263(1)
Annex 13A: CPA Recommended Benchmarks for Democratic Legislatures-Kiribati
264(7)
Annex 13B: Application of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Toolkit in Kiribati
271(4)
Note
275(2)
Chapter 14 Assessing Parliament Using the CPA Benchmarks: A Personal Perspective from Bermuda 277(6)
Jennifer Smith
Introduction
277(1)
Results of the Benchmark Exercise
278(3)
New Benchmarks
281(1)
Conclusion
282(1)
References
282(1)
Chapter 15 The African Parliamentary Index: Case Studies 283(12)
Rasheed Draman
Introduction
283(1)
Representation
284(1)
Legislation
285(1)
Power of the Purse
286(1)
Parliamentary Oversight
287(2)
Institutional Capacity
289(1)
Transparency and Integrity
289(1)
Overall Ranking
290(3)
Conclusions and Recommendations
293(1)
Note
294(1)
Chapter 16 Other Benchmarking Experiences at the National Level 295
Lisa von Trapp
Introduction
295(1)
Cambodia
296(1)
Colombia
297(1)
Pakistan
297(1)
Rwanda
298(1)
Notes
299(1)
References
299
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