| Foreword |
|
v | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
vii | |
| Glossary |
|
xi | |
| Introduction |
|
xxiii | |
|
|
|
li | |
|
|
|
lv | |
|
|
|
lxv | |
|
|
|
lxxi | |
|
|
|
lxxvii | |
|
Table of Conventions---Travaux Preparatoires |
|
|
lxxix | |
|
1 History of the Conventions |
|
|
|
History of the 1952 Arrest Convention |
|
|
|
1 The CMI Conference of 1930 in Antwerp |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
2 The preparatory work for a draft Convention on arrest of ships |
|
|
2 | (2) |
|
3 The CMI Conferences of 1933 in Oslo and of 1937 in Paris |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
4 The CMI Conferences of 1947 in Antwerp, of 1949 in Amsterdam and of 1951 in Naples |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
5 The Brussels Diplomatic Conference, 2-10 May 1952 |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
History of the 1999 Arrest Convention |
|
|
|
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
7 The work of the Joint International Group of Experts on Maritime Liens and Mortgages and Related Subjects (JIGE) |
|
|
8 | (3) |
|
8 The Geneva Diplomatic Conference, 1-12 March 1999 and the subsequent events |
|
|
11 | (4) |
|
2 The Way to Uniformity of Maritime Law In Respect of Arrest of ships |
|
|
|
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
2 Methods of implementation |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
The 1952 Arrest Convention |
|
|
|
3 The reservations made by States parties to the 1952 Arrest Convention |
|
|
17 | (4) |
|
4 The implementation of the 1952 Arrest Convention by Contracting States |
|
|
21 | (14) |
|
(a) States that have given force of law to the Convention |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
(b) States that have implemented the 1952 Convention by incorporating in whole or in part its provisions into their national law |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
The 1999 Arrest Convention |
|
|
|
5 Implementation of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
35 | (3) |
|
(a) Action required by States parties to the 1952 Convention |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
(b) Action required by all States, whether parties to the 1952 Convention or not |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
6 The reservations permitted by the 1999 Convention |
|
|
38 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
1 The Chapeau of the Article |
|
|
41 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the chapeau |
|
|
41 | (5) |
|
(ii) The corresponding chapeau in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention in their national laws |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the chapeau and its history |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
(ii) The corresponding chapeau in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention in their national laws |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
2 The individual maritime claims |
|
|
51 | (90) |
|
Damage caused by a ship 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim 51 |
|
|
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
Loss of life 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
62 | (2) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the convention into their national laws |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
65 | (2) |
|
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
Pollution damage 1999 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
69 | (2) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
Wreck removal 1999 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Use or hire of a ship 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Carriage of goods (and passengers) 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
80 | (3) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Loss or damage to goods and baggage 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
General average 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the convention into their national laws |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
99 | (4) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
Construction and repair 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
Port and similar dues 1999 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Disbursements 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
Insurance premiums 1999 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Commissions, brokerage and agency fees 1999 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Disputes as to ownership 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the convention into their national laws |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Disputes between co-owners 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the convention into their national laws |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
Mortgage or hypotheque 1952 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
(ii) Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the convention into their national laws |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
Sale of the ship 1999 Convention |
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the claim |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
4 Definitions of Arrest, Person, Claimant and Court |
|
|
|
|
|
141 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the definition |
|
|
141 | (5) |
|
(ii) The notion of arrest in the law of certain Contracting States |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the definition |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
152 | (15) |
|
(i) Analysis of the definition |
|
|
152 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
(ii) The relevant rules in the law of certain Contracting States |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the definition |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
|
167 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
5 Claims in Respect of Which a Ship May Be Arrested |
|
|
|
1 Arrest in respect of maritime claims |
|
|
169 | (12) |
|
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(a) Claims secured by a maritime lien that are not mentioned in article 1(1) of the 1952 Arrest Convention |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
(i) Claims arising under an international convention |
|
|
170 | (2) |
|
(ii) Claims arising under a national law |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
(iii) Claims in respect of which an action in rem is permissible |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
(b) The European Regulation (EC)No. 44/2001 |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
(c) The detention of a ship as a consequence of the attachment of property on board that is not owned by the owner of the ship or by its demise charterer |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
(i) National laws of States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Tchad |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
6 Arrest or Detention by Public Authorities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
2 International conventions and agreements |
|
|
182 | (5) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
(b) The IMO Procedures for Port State Control |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
(g) International Code of Safety for High Speed Craft (HSC Code) |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
(h) International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
|
|
187 | (9) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
4 Ships detained or prevented from sailing by public authorities |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
5 Ships under arrest adversely affecting the use of the port installations |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
7 Arrest of the Ship in Respect of Which the Claim is Asserted |
|
|
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
2 Appurtenances not owned by the owner of the ship --- their treatment in the various countries |
|
|
200 | (7) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
3 Relation between the claim and a particular ship |
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of the first part of article 3(1) |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
4 Relation between the person liable and the ship |
|
|
209 | (48) |
|
(a) Claims against the owner of the ship |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(1) |
|
|
209 | (4) |
|
(ii) The interpretation of the rule in certain Contracting States |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Claims for which a ship may be arrested in consideration of the character of the claim |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Claims secured by a maritime lien or other charge on a ship |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
|
222 | (3) |
|
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(1)(a) |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
(b) Claims against the demise charterer of the ship and other persons liable in respect of a maritime claim |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(4) |
|
|
228 | (6) |
|
(ii) The interpretation of the rule in certain Contracting States |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(1)(b) and (3) |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
(c) Claims based upon a mortgage, "hypotheque" or charge on the ship |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(1)(q) |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(1)(c) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
(d) Claims relating to the ownership or possession of the ship |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
Analysis of article 1(1)(o) and (p) |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(1)(d) |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
(e) Claims secured by a maritime lien |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(1) |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(1)(e) |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
8 Arrest of "Sister" Ships |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
2 When ships must be deemed to be in the same ownership |
|
|
259 | (3) |
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(2) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
(ii) The interpretation of the rule in certain Contracting States |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
|
260 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
3 The sister ship rule under the 1999 Convention |
|
|
262 | (3) |
|
(i) Analysis of article 3(2) |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
|
|
263 | (2) |
|
9 Arrest of Associated Ships |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Is piercing the corporate veil prohibited by the Convention? |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
2 A review of national laws and jurisprudence |
|
|
266 | (18) |
|
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (3) |
|
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
|
278 | (4) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
South Africa and United States |
|
|
282 | (2) |
|
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
5 The UK proposal on associated ships---consequences of its rejection |
|
|
286 | (3) |
|
10 When Arrest of "Sister" Ships Is Not Permitted |
|
|
|
1 The maritime claims in respect of which the prohibition applies |
|
|
289 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
Analysis of the exceptions to the right of arrest of "sister" ships |
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
Analysis of the exceptions to the right of arrest of "sister" ships |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
11 Arrest of Ships Owned by the Charterer in Respect of Claims of the Owner of the Chartered Ship |
|
|
|
1 Analysis of the jurisprudence |
|
|
293 | (4) |
|
2 Some considerations on this problem |
|
|
297 | (4) |
|
12 Right Of Rearrest and Multiple Arrest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 The travaux preparatories |
|
|
301 | (2) |
|
2 The structure of the provision |
|
|
303 | (6) |
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
305 | (4) |
|
3 Corresponding provisions in the law of certain States that have incorporated the Convention into their national laws |
|
|
309 | (3) |
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
4 An analysis of the specific exceptions |
|
|
312 | (2) |
|
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
(i) Inadequacy of the nature or amount of the security already obtained |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
(ii) Inability of the person who has given the security to fulfil his obligations |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
(iii) Release of the arrested ship or of the security previously given |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
5 Corresponding rules in the States that have introduced the provisions of the Convention into their national law |
|
|
314 | (3) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (2) |
|
13 Jurisdiction for the Arrest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
2 Analysis of the relevant issues |
|
|
317 | (11) |
|
|
|
317 | (2) |
|
(b) Authority having jurisdiction |
|
|
319 | (2) |
|
(c) Jurisdiction before the arrival of the ship |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
(d) Jurisdiction after the ship has sailed |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
(e) Arrest pursuant to an order of a foreign court |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
(f) Choice of the judicial authority of the State in the jurisdiction of which the arrest is made |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
(g) Jurisdiction for arrest when the court has no jurisdiction on the merits |
|
|
323 | (2) |
|
(h) Jurisdiction for arrest when the court has jurisdiction on the merits but the ship is not within its jurisdiction |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
(i) Jurisdiction for arrest when a decision on the merits has already been obtained |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
(j) Exclusive jurisdiction pursuant to the 1952 Convention on Penal Jurisdiction and to UNCLOS |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
(k) Lis pendens---Related actions |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
3 A review of the same issues |
|
|
328 | (6) |
|
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
(b) Authority having jurisdiction |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
(c) Jurisdiction before the arrival of the ship |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
(d) Arrest pursuant to an order of a foreign court |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
(e) Choice of the judicial authority of the State in the jurisdiction of which the arrest is made |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
(f) Jurisdiction for arrest when the court has no jurisdiction for the merits |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
(g) Jurisdiction for arrest when a decision on the merits has already been obtained |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
(h) Lis pendens---Related actions |
|
|
332 | (2) |
|
14 Release of the Ship From Arrest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
2 An analysis of the relevant situations |
|
|
334 | (27) |
|
(a) Release of a ship from subsequent arrest |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
(b) Release after provision of security |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
(ii) Nature of the security |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
(iii) Amount of the security |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
(iv) The conditions for payment under the security |
|
|
336 | (2) |
|
(v) Security provided in a Contracting State in order to obtain the release of a ship arrested in a non-Contracting State |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
(vi) National rules on the provision of security |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
(c) Failure to bring proceedings on the merits within the time limit fixed by the court |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
(ii) Which court must fix the time? |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
(iii) When the time limit must be fixed |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
(iv) Agreement on the jurisdiction of a particular court or on arbitration |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
(v) Implementation of Article 7(2), (3) and (4) by Contracting States |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
(d) Constitution of the limitation fund |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
(i) Provisions under the 1957 Limitation Convention |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
(ii) Provisions under the 1976 Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC Convention) |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
(iii) Provisions under the CLC 1992 |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
(iv) Provisions under the 1996 HNS Convention |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
3 Release of the ship from arrest |
|
|
361 | (3) |
|
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
(b) Release after the provision of security |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
(i) Amount of the security |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
(ii) Form of the security |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
(iii) Subsequent reduction, modification or cancellation of the security |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
(c) Release from subsequent arrest |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
(d) Failure to bring proceedings on the merits within the time fixed by the court |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
4 Release of the security |
|
|
364 | (3) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
(b) Provision of security in a State Party |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
(c) Provision of security in a non-State Party and in a State Party |
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
15 When the Release of a Ship Under Arrest is Not Permitted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 The reasons for the exception |
|
|
367 | (2) |
|
2 Trading of a ship under arrest |
|
|
369 | (6) |
|
(i) Analysis of the provision |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws in respect of the trading of ships under arrest |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
3 Reinstatement of the existing rule |
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
16 Liability for Wrongful Arrest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 The history of the rule |
|
|
377 | (3) |
|
2 A review of national rules in some of the Contracting States |
|
|
380 | (8) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (2) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
3 Security for damages---a review of the national rules in some of the Contracting States |
|
|
388 | (3) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
(ii) Analysis of the position in the above countries |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
4 Analysis of the rule in the light of its history |
|
|
391 | (6) |
|
|
|
391 | (3) |
|
(ii) National laws of the States that have adopted the provisions of the 1999 Convention |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Tchad |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
|
395 | (2) |
|
17 Procedure Relating to the Arrest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Conditions for obtaining the authority |
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
2 Enforcement of the arrest |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
3 A review of the national rules in some of the Contracting States |
|
|
400 | (14) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Tchad |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
4 Conditions for obtaining the authority |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
5 Enforcement of the arrest |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
18 Jurisdiction on the Merits and Related Matters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 The travaux preparatories |
|
|
417 | (3) |
|
2 The structure of Article 7 |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
3 Jurisdiction on the merits |
|
|
420 | (2) |
|
4 A review of the rules in the United Kingdom and some other common law countries |
|
|
422 | (3) |
|
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
5 A review of the individual links enumerated in Article 7(1) |
|
|
425 | (8) |
|
(a) Habitual residence or principal place of business of the claimant |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
(b) Claims arising in the country in which the arrest is made |
|
|
425 | (5) |
|
(c) Claims concerning the voyage of the ship during which the arrest is made |
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
(d) Claims arising out of a collision or in circumstances covered by article 13 of the 1910 Collision Convention |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
(f) Claims upon a mortgage or hypothecation of the ship |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
6 Possible conflicts of the links enumerated in paragraph 1 with other Conventions and with EC Regulation 44/2001 |
|
|
433 | (4) |
|
(a) EC Jurisdiction Convention and Lugano Convention |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
(d) Athens Convention 2002 |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
(e) EC Regulation 44/2001 |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
7 The time within which the claimant must bring proceedings on the merits |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
8 When the action may be deemed to have been brought |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
9 The recognition by the State in which the arrest is effected of a foreign judgment or arbitral award on the merits |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
10 Consequences of the failure to bring action on the merits within the time prescribed |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
11 The history of the provision |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
12 Jurisdiction on the merits |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
13 Conflict with other Conventions and with the EC Regulation 44/2001 |
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
(a) EC Jurisdiction Convention and Lugano Convention |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
(d) Athens Convention 2002 |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
(e) EC Regulation 44/2001 |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
14 The time within which the claimant must bring proceedings on the merits |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
15 Consequences of the failure to bring proceedings on the merits within the time prescribed |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
19 Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 The history of the provision |
|
|
445 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (5) |
|
(a) Waters in which the ship is sailing or intended to sail |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
(b) Size and characteristics of the ship |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
(iv) Whether the ship or craft must be manned |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
(vi) Physical conditions of the ship |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
4 Application to ships flying the flag of Contracting States |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
5 Application to ships flying the flag of non-Contracting States |
|
|
457 | (3) |
|
6 Review of the attitude adopted in certain Contracting States |
|
|
460 | (5) |
|
(i) States that have incorporated the provisions of the Convention in their national laws in which the Admiralty jurisdiction is recognised |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
(ii) States that have incorporated the provisions of the Convention in their national laws in which the notion of a specific Admiralty jurisdiction does not exist |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
(iii) States that have given the force of law to the provisions of the Convention |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
7 Exclusions from the application |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
8 Limits to the application |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
9 Subordination of the Convention to national rules |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
10 Ships to which the Convention is applicable |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
11 Exclusions from the application |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
12 Subordination of the Convention to national rules or to other Conventions |
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
(a) Ships owned by a person subject to bankruptcy or similar proceedings |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
(b) Ships in respect of which the limitation of liability is invoked |
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
I Text of the 1952 Convention---International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to the Arrest of Sea-Going Ships, 1952 |
|
|
475 | (10) |
|
|
|
475 | (5) |
|
|
|
480 | (5) |
|
II Text of the 1999 Convention---International Convention on Arrest of Ships, 1999 |
|
|
485 | (22) |
|
|
|
485 | (7) |
|
|
|
492 | (7) |
|
|
|
499 | (8) |
|
III Table of Comparison between the 1952 and the 1999 Conventions---A Comparison with the 1999 Convention |
|
|
507 | (14) |
|
|
|
507 | (14) |
|
IV Synopsis of the Responses to the Questionnaires on the Implementation of the 1952 Arrest Convention |
|
|
521 | (8) |
|
|
|
521 | (4) |
|
|
|
525 | (4) |
|
V Responses to the Questionnaire for States not Mentioned in the Fourth Edition |
|
|
529 | (36) |
|
VI Report of the United Nations/International Maritime Organization Diplomatic Conference on Arrest of Ships |
|
|
565 | (10) |
|
VII The Travaux Preparatoires of the International Convention on Arrest of Ships |
|
|
575 | (186) |
| Index |
|
761 | |
