This extended new edition offers a multifaceted insight into a period of intellectual history in the West in which the balance between speculative theories and experiential science was reset. As is well known, the interrelationship between philosophy and science underwent a profound change in the early modern period, in the course of which the sciences freed themselves from the conceptual framework of traditional metaphysics. The contributions of the volume focus on the eighteenth century, the critical and quite contradictory final phase of this process.
The volume distinguishes itself by tracing this transition process not only in the obvious case of the new mechanics - Newtonianism and analytic mechanics - but also by addressing new speculative philosophies of nature - early modern atomism or imponderable physics - and new metaphysical controversies such as the body-mind problem (Can matter think?) as well as developments in special scientific fields such as cosmology/astronomy and natural history.
The volume is written by historians of philosophy and the sciences of the early modern period and is intended primarily for specialists and students in these fields of knowledge. However, it is certainly also interesting and useful for cultural historians working on this period.
Introduction.-
1. Disciplinary Transformations in the Age of Newton: The
Case of Metaphysics (Alan Gabbey).-
2. Leibniz Concept of Possible Worlds
and the Analysis of Motion in Eighteenth-Century Physics (Hartmut Hecht).-
3.
The Limits of Intelligibility: The Status of Physical Sciences in dAlemberts
Philosophy (Franēois De Gandt).-
4. In Nature as in Geometry: Du Chātelet
and the Post-Newtonian Debate on the Physical Significance of Mathematical
Objects (Aaron Wells).-
5. Order of Nature and Order of Science (Helmut
Pulte).-
6. Samuel Clarkes Annotations in Jacques Rohaults Traité de
Physique, and How They Contributed to Popularising Newtons Physics (Volkmar
Schüller).-
7. "Feigning Hypotheses: non-Newtonian Approaches to Gravitation
- Euler and Le Sage (Maria de Paz).-
8. Kant on Extension and Force: Critical
Appropriations of Leibniz and Newton (Eric Watkins).-
9. Enlightenment
Scotlands Philosophico-Chemical Physics (David Wilson ).-
10. Materialistic
Theories ofMind and Brain (Ann Thomson ).-
11. Kants Second Paralogism in
Context: The Critique of Pure Reason on Whether Matter Can Think (Falk
Wunderlich ).-
12. Cosmological Constellations: Varieties of Cosmology
Available to Kant in 1755 (Stephen Howard).-
13. Natural or Artificial
Systems? The Eighteenth-Century Controversy on Classification and its
Philosophical Contexts (Wolfgang Lefčvre ).-
14. Beyond Newton, Leibniz, and
Kant: Constrained Motion and New Conceptual Foundations, 1740-1800 (Marius
Stan).- Appendix 1.Newtons scholia from David Gregorys Estate on the
Propositions IV trough IX Book III of his Principia.- Appendix
2. The
Concepts of Immanuel Kants Natural Philosophy (1747-1780): A Database
Rendering their Explicit and Implicit Networks.
Wolfgang Lefčvre taught philosophy in connection with history of science at the Freie Universität Berlin. Since 1994 Senior Scholar and now Emeritus scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin. His research is focused on the interrelations of technological and scientific knowledge in the early modern period. Recent publication: »Minerva meets Vulcan: Scientific and Technological Literature 1450-1750 (2021).
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