"When a young bilingual child experiences language difficulties, it can be hard to tell if those challenges are due to a disorder or just limited exposure to the English language. That's a critical distinction--because while limited language exposure will fix itself over time, a language impairment is a clinical issue that will cause the child difficulties in school without timely and effective intervention. Now there's a valid, reliable assessment that specifically responds to the needs of young Spanish-English bilingual children. For use with children ages 4 through 6 years who have varying degrees of bilingualism, the Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment (BESA) was developed to: - identify phonological and/or language impairment in bilingual children and English language learners using a standardized protocol - differentiate between a delay in English language acquisition and a true language disorder - document children's speech and language strengths and needs - monitor children's progress in both languages and use the information to make decisions about intervention What's in the kit? - 1 BESA Test Manual - 1 BESA Stimulus Book - 20 BESA Protocol English Forms - 20 BESA Protocol Spanish Forms - 20 BIOS Forms - 20 ITALK forms"--
This package supplies a manual, a stimulus book, and supplemental materials for the Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment (BESA), an assessment designed to identify language impairment in Spanish-English bilingual children ages 4-6 years. The manual provides an introduction to the BESA, gives advice on preparing to administer the test, and explains how to administer, score, and interpret the test. The manual also gives info on the validity and accuracy of the test and provides about 65 pages of appendices on scoring. The wire-spiral bound stimulus book provides color illustrated cards for testing English and Spanish phonology, morphosyntax, and semantics. Scoring sheets are provided as supplemental materials. The package comes with a sturdy carrying bag. Annotation ©2018 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)
BESA is the premier assessment currently available that can differentiate between true language delays and disorders vs. typical
English language acquisition in English–Spanish bilingual children.
When a young bilingual child experiences language difficulties, it can be hard to tell if those challenges are due to a disorder or just limited exposure to the English language. That's a critical distinction—because while limited language exposure will fix itself over time, a language impairment is a clinical issue that will cause the child difficulties in school without timely and effective intervention.
Now there's a valid, reliable assessment that specifically responds to the needs of young Spanish-English bilingual children. For use with children ages 4 through 6 years who have varying degrees of bilingualism, the Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment (BESA) was developed to:
- identify phonological and/or language impairment in bilingual children and English language learners using a standardized protocol
- differentiate between a delay in English language acquisition and a true language disorder
- document children's speech and language strengths and needs
- monitor children's progress in both languages and use the information to make decisions about intervention
How BESA Works Through a combination of subtests for students and surveys for teachers and parents, BESA reveals the big picture of a young bilingual child's language development. Comprehensive assessment with BESA includes:
- 3 subtests (in both English and Spanish). These three standardized- norm-referenced subtests address the key domains of morphosyntax, semantics, and phonology. The subtests are administered with children one-on-one in a quiet, well-lit, well-ventilated room free of distractions.
- 2 questionnaires. The SLP gathers more information by interviewing both parents and teachers.
- Bilingual Input-Output Survey (BIOS): determines Spanish and English use at home and school and pinpoints which language(s) need testing
- Inventory to Assess Language Knowledge (ITALK):identifies the parent's and teacher's perception of the child's performance in each language and highlights areas of possible concern.
- Pragmatic activity. This 5- to 10-minute warmup activity, in which children are asked to “help wrap a present” with the examiner, is used to establish rapport with the child and give clinicians an idea of how collaborative and interactive the child will be during the rest of the assessment.
BESA Benefits- Valid and reliable. There are very few assessment tools for bilingual children, and even fewer that are valid and reliable. BESA answers the call for a bilingual assessment backed up with solid evidence of validity and reliability.
- Culturally and linguistically appropriate. BESA subtests are different for each language; the Spanish subtest isn't just a translation of the English one. Dialects were taken into consideration—the norming sample included 17 Spanish dialects and 7 regional dialects for English—and items were developed for each language based on the markers, structure, and culture of that language.
- Uncovers the full picture of a child's language development. Not only does BESA identify language impairments, it also helps you gauge progress in both languages and document a child's dominant language across different domains of speech and language. This critical information will help you plan interventions and educational programming for bilingual children.
- Flexible and convenient. You can use each BESA component independently or combine them as part of an assessment battery. Choose which component you want to give—you're not required to administer both the English and Spanish subtests. BESA can also be given over multiple sessions, so you can easily fit it into your schedule.
What's in the kit? Watch a webinar to get an inside look!
About the Authors |
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Acknowledgments |
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Chapter 1 Overview and Rationale for the BESA |
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1 | (12) |
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BESA Components and Subtests |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (2) |
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Need for Bilingual Assessment Instruments |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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Language Impairment in Bilinguals |
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8 | (5) |
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Chapter 2 Preparing to Test |
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13 | (4) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 BESA Administration and Scoring |
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17 | (50) |
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Bilingual Input-Output Survey (BIOS) |
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17 | (9) |
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Inventory to Assess Language Knowledge (ITALIC) |
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26 | (6) |
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The BESA Protocols Pragmatics Activity |
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32 | (5) |
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General Instructions for Subtests |
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37 | (1) |
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Phonology Subtests---Overview |
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38 | (1) |
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Spanish Phonology Subtest---Administration and Scoring |
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38 | (5) |
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English Phonology Subtest---Administration and Scoring |
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43 | (5) |
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Morphosyntax Subtests---Overview |
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48 | (1) |
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Spanish Morphosyntax Subtest---Administration and Scoring |
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49 | (5) |
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English Morphosyntax Subtest---Administration and Scoring |
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54 | (6) |
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Semantics Subtests---Overview |
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60 | (1) |
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Spanish Semantics Subtest---Administration and Scoring |
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61 | (2) |
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English Semantics Subtest---Administration and Scoring |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Interpreting the BESA Results |
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67 | (8) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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Cautions When Interpreting Test Scores |
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72 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Technical Information |
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75 | (28) |
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Procedures for Sample Selection |
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75 | (1) |
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Demographic Characteristics |
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75 | (3) |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (12) |
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Correlations With Other Measures |
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93 | (3) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (8) |
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Appendix A Acceptable and Unacceptable Responses |
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111 | (14) |
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Appendix B Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions---Spanish Subtests |
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125 | (6) |
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Appendix C Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions---English Subtests |
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131 | (6) |
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Appendix D Converting Sum of Scaled Scores to Standard Scores and Percentile Ranks |
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137 | (2) |
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Appendix E Converting Scaled Scores to Standard Scores and Percentile Ranks |
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139 | (2) |
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Appendix F Language Index Composite Scores |
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141 | (22) |
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Appendix G Age Equivalents for Raw Scores |
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163 | (2) |
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Appendix H Percentage of Consonants, Vowels, and Segments Correct |
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165 | (2) |
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Appendix I Factor Loadings---BESA Items |
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167 | (8) |
Index |
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175 | |
Elizabeth Peńa PhD, CCC-SLP, is George Christian Centennial Professor in Communication at The University of Texas as Austin. Her research focuses on bilingualism and language impairment. Her work on test development for bilinguals addresses assessment skills that differentiate among children with and without language impairment that allow responses that reflect cultural knowledge. In the area of intervention, she is interested in how children from diverse linguistic backgrounds learn new language skills and how they transfer knowledge between two language.
Aquiles Iglesias PhD is Professor and Founding Director of the Speech-Language Pathology Program at the University of Delaware. He was formerly a professor at Temple University and held various administrative positions. His major area of research is cultural and linguistic diversity, with a concentration on language acquisition in bilingual children. He developed the BESA (Bilingual English/Spanish Assessment and has numerous publications. He is a Fellow of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and received its highest award, Honors of the Association.
Brian A. Goldstein, Ph.D., CCC-SLP, is Provost & VP for Academic Affairs and Professor at the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at La Salle University in Philadelphia, PA. He received a masters and doctorate in speech-language pathology from Temple University and a bachelors in Linguistics and Cognitive Science from Brandeis University. He is well-published in the area of speech sound development and disorders in bilingual populations. His focus is on phonological development and disorders in monolingual Spanish-speaking and Spanish-English bilingual children. He is a fellow of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and received ASHA's Certificate of Recognition for Special Contribution in Multicultural Affairs.
Lisa M. Bedore, Ph.D., is Professor of Communication Sciences and Disorders at The University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Bedore's research interests focus on assessment and intervention for Spanish- English bilingual children with language impairment. Some of her work focuses on the ways that children's language experience and language ability interact in determining their language outcomes.