Discover BIM: A better way to build better buildings
Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers a novel approach to design, construction, and facility management in which a digital representation of the building product and process is used to facilitate the exchange and interoperability of information in digital format. BIM is beginning to change the way buildings look, the way they function, and the ways in which they are designed and built.
The BIM Handbook, Third Edition provides an in-depth understanding of BIM technologies, the business and organizational issues associated with its implementation, and the profound advantages that effective use of BIM can provide to all members of a project team. Updates to this edition include:
- Information on the ways in which professionals should use BIM to gain maximum value
- New topics such as collaborative working, national and major construction clients, BIM standards and guides
- A discussion on how various professional roles have expanded through the widespread use and the new avenues of BIM practices and services
- A wealth of new case studies that clearly illustrate exactly how BIM is applied in a wide variety of conditions
Painting a colorful and thorough picture of the state of the art in building information modeling, the BIM Handbook, Third Edition guides readers to successful implementations, helping them to avoid needless frustration and costs and take full advantage of this paradigm-shifting approach to construct better buildings that consume fewer materials and require less time, labor, and capital resources.
FOREWORD
PREFACE
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 THE CURRENT AEC BUSINESS MODEL
1.2.1 DesignBidBuild
1.2.2 DesignBuild
1.2.3 Construction Management at Risk
1.2.4 Integrated Project Delivery
1.2.5 What Kind of Building Procurement Is Best When BIM Is Used?
1.3 DOCUMENTED INEFFICIENCIES OF TRADITIONAL APPROACHES
1.3.1 CIFE Study of Construction Industry Labor Productivity
1.3.2 NIST Study of Cost of Construction Industry Inefficiency
1.4 BIM: NEW TOOLS AND NEW PROCESSES
1.4.1 BIM Platforms and Tools
1.4.2 BIM Processes
1.4.3 Definition of Parametric Objects
1.4.4 Support for Project Team Collaboration
1.5 BIM AS A LIFECYCLE PLATFORM
1.6 WHAT IS NOT A BIM PLATFORM?
1.7 WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF BIM? WHAT PROBLEMS DOES IT ADDRESS?
1.7.1 Preconstruction Benefits to Owner (Chapters 4 and 5)
1.7.2 Benefits for Design (Chapter 5)
1.7.3 Construction and Fabrication Benefits (Chapters 6 and 7)
1.7.4 Post Construction Benefits (Chapter 4)
1.8 BIM AND LEAN CONSTRUCTION
1.9 WHAT CHALLENGES CAN BE EXPECTED?
1.9.1 Challenges with Collaboration and Teaming
1.9.2 Legal Changes to Documentation Ownership and Production
1.9.3 Changes in Practice and Use of Information
1.9.4 Implementation Issues
1.10 FUTURE OF DESIGNING AND BUILDING WITH BIM (Chapter 9)
1.11 CASE STUDIES (Chapter 10)
Chapter 1 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Chapter 2: Core Technologies and Software
2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1 THE EVOLUTION TO OBJECTBASED PARAMETRIC MODELING
2.1.1 Early 3D Modeling
2.1.2 Degrees of Parametric Modeling
2.1.3 Predefined versus UserDefined Parametric Objects and Libraries
2.2 BEYOND PARAMETRIC SHAPES
2.2.1 Property and Attribute Handling
2.2.2 Drawing Generation
2.2.3 Scalability
2.2.4 Object Management and Links
2.2.5 Some Commonly Asked Questions
2.3 BIM ENVIRONMENTS, PLATFORMS, AND TOOLS
2.3.1 Considerations for BIM Design Applications
2.3.2 Considerations for a BIM Environment
2.4 BIM MODEL QUALITY AND MODEL CHECKING
2.5 BIM PLATFORMS
2.5.1 Allplan
2.5.2 ArchiCAD
2.5.3 Bentley Systems
2.5.4 DESTINI Profiler
2.5.5 Digital Project
2.5.6 Revit
2.5.7 Tekla Structures
2.5.8 Vectorworks
2.5.9 AutoCADBased Applications
2.6 DESIGN REVIEW APPLICATIONS
2.6.1 Model Viewers
2.6.2 Model Integration Tools
2.6.3 Model Checkers
2.7 CONCLUSION
Chapter 2 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Chapter 3: Collaboration and Interoperability
3.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 DIFFERENT KINDS OF DATA EXCHANGE METHODS
3.3 BACKGROUND OF PRODUCT DATA MODELS
3.3.1 Modeling Languages
3.3.2 ISOSTEP in Building Construction
3.3.3 buildingSMART and IFC
3.3.4 What Is the IFC?
3.3.5 IDM and MVD
3.4 OTHER EFFORTS SUPPORTING STANDARDIZATION
3.4.1 buildingSMART Data Dictionary
3.4.2 OmniClass
3.4.3 COBie
3.4.4 XMLBased Schemas
3.5 THE EVOLUTION FROM FILEBASED EXCHANGE TO
BIM SERVERS
3.5.1 Project Transactions and Synchronization
3.5.2 Functionality of BIM Servers
3.5.3 BIM Server Review
3.6 Interfacing Technologies
3.6.1 SemiAutomated Approaches
3.6.2 Semantic Approaches
Chapter 3 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Chapter 4: BIM For Owners And Facility Managers
4.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4.1 INTRODUCTION: WHY OWNERS SHOULD CARE ABOUT BIM
4.2 OWNERS ROLE IN A BIM PROJECT
4.2.1 Design Assessment
4.2.2 Complexity of Building Infrastructure and Building Environment
4.2.3 Sustainability
4.2.4 Public Construction Agencies: BIM Adoption Guidelines
4.3 COST AND TIME MANAGEMENT
4.3.1 Cost Management
4.3.2 Time to Market: Schedule Management
4.3.3 Facility and Information Asset Management
4.3.4 BIM Tool Guide for Owners
4.3.5 BIM Cost Estimating Tools
4.3.6 Facility and Asset Management Tools
4.3.7 Operation Simulation Tools
4.4 AN OWNER AND FACILITY MANAGERS BUILDING MODEL
4.4.1 Information Content of BIMFM model
4.4.2 Alternative Approaches to Creating a BIMFM model
4.4.3 Classification of Model Data and Standards
4.5 LEADING THE BIM IMPLEMENTATION ON A PROJECT
4.5.1 Develop Guidelines for Use of BIM on Projects
4.5.2 Build Internal Leadership and Knowledge
4.5.3 Service Provider Selection
4.5.4 Provide for Use of a Big Room for Design and Construction
4.6 BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTING BIM: RISKS AND COMMON MYTHS
4.7 ISSUES FOR OWNERS TO CONSIDER WHEN ADOPTING BIM
Chapter 4 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Chapter 5: BIM For Architects and Engineers
5.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 SCOPE OF DESIGN SERVICES
5.2.1 Collaborative Forms of Project Delivery
5.2.2 The Concept of Information Development
5.2.3 Civil and Infrastructure Design
5.3 BIM USE IN DESIGN PROCESSES
5.3.1 Concept Design
5.3.2 Prefabrication
5.3.3 Analysis, Simulation, and Optimization
5.3.4 ConstructionLevel Building Models
5.3.5 DesignConstruction Integration
5.3.6 Design Review
5.4 BUILDING OBJECT MODELS AND LIBRARIES
5.4.1 Embedding Expertise into Building Components
5.4.2 Object Libraries
5.4.3 BOM Portals
5.4.4 Desktop/LAN Libraries
5.5 CONSIDERATIONS IN ADOPTION FOR DESIGN PRACTICE
5.5.1 Justification and Platform Selection
5.5.2 Phased Utilization
Chapter 5 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Chapter 6: BIM For Contractors
6.0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6.1. INTRODUCTION
6.2. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION FIRMS
6.3. INFORMATION CONTRACTORS WANT FROM BIM
6.4. BIMENABLED PROCESS CHANGE
6.4.1. Leaner Construction
6.4.2. Less Paper in Construction
6.4.3. Increased Distribution of Work
6.5. DEVELOPING A CONSTRUCTION BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL
6.5.1. Production Detailing
6.5.2. Big Room Colocation Onsite
6.6. USING A CONTRACTOR BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL
6.7. 3D: VISUALIZATION AND COORDINATION
6.8. 4D: CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS AND PLANNING
6.8.1. 4D Models to Support Construction Planning
6.8.2. Benefits of 4D Models
6.8.3. BIM Tools with 4D Capability
6.8.4. BIMSupported Planning and Scheduling Issues and Guidelines
6.9. 5D: QUANTITY TAKEOFF AND COST ESTIMATING
6.9.1. Extracting Quantities from BIM Models for Estimating
6.9.2. Guidelines and BIM Implementation Issues to Support Quantity Takeoff
and Estimating
6.10. PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
6.11. OFFSITE FABRICATION AND MODULAR CONSTRUCTION
6.11.1 Surveying Site Conditions
6.12. BIM IN THE FIELD
6.12.1. Delivering Design Information to the Field
6.12.2. Coordinating Production
6.13. COST AND SCHEDULE CONTROL AND OTHER MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
6.14. COMMISSIONING AND TURNOVER
Chapter 6 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Chapter 7: BIM For Subcontractors and Fabricators
7.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 TYPES OF SUBCONTRACTORS AND FABRICATORS
7.2.1 Subcontractor Trades
7.2.2 MadetoStock and MadetoOrder Component Suppliers
7.2.3 EngineeredtoOrder Component Fabricators
7.2.4 Design Service Providers and Specialist Coordinators
7.2.5 FullService DesignBuild Prefabricated and Modular Construction
7.3 THE BENEFITS OF A BIM PROCESS FOR SUBCONTRACTOR FABRICATORS
7.3.1 Marketing and Tendering
7.3.2 Reduced Production Cycle Times
7.3.3 Reduced Design Coordination Errors
7.3.4 Lower Engineering and Detailing Costs
7.3.5 Increased Use of Automated Manufacturing Technologies
7.3.6 Increased Preassembly, Prefabrication, and Modular Construction
7.3.7 Quality Control, Supply Chain Management, and Lifecycle Maintenance
7.4 GENERIC BIM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR FABRICATORS
7.4.1 Parametric and Customizable Parts and Relationships
7.4.2 Reporting Components for Fabrication
7.4.3 Interface to Management Information Systems
7.4.4 Interoperability
7.4.5 Information Visualization
7.4.6 Automation of Fabrication Tasks
7.5 SPECIFIC BIM REQUIREMENTS FOR FABRICATION
7.5.1 Traditional ETO Component Fabricators
7.5.2 Modular Construction
7.5.3 3D Printing and Robotic Construction
7.6 ADOPTING BIM IN A FABRICATION OPERATION
7.6.1 Setting Appropriate Goals
7.6.2 Adoption Activities
7.6.3 Planning the Pace of Change
7.6.4 Human Resource Considerations
Chapter 7 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Chapter 8: Facilitators of BIM Adoption and Implementation
8.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 BIM MANDATES
8.2.1 Significance of Government BIM Mandates
8.2.2 The Status of Government BIM Mandates around the World
8.2.3 Motivations
8.2.4 BIM Requirements
8.2.5 Challenges and Considerations
8.3 BIM ROADMAPS, MATURITY MODELS AND MEASURES
8.3.1 BIM Roadmaps
8.3.2 BIM Maturity Models
8.3.3 BIM Measures
8.4 BIM GUIDES
8.4.1 BIM Guides by Region and Organization
8.4.2 BIM Guides by Topic
8.5 BIM EDUCATION AND TRAINING
8.5.1 Transition of Senior Staff
8.5.2 BIM Roles and Responsibilities
8.5.3 Industry Training and Certificate Programs
8.5.4 University Education Programs
8.5.5 Considerations for Training and Deployment
8.6 LEGAL, SECURITY, AND BEST PRACTICE ISSUES
8.6.1 Legal and Intellectual Property Issues
8.6.2 Cyber Security for BIM
8.6.3 Best Practices and Other Social Issues
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 8 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Chapter 9: The Future: Building with BIM
9.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 BIM BEFORE 2000: PREDICTING TRENDS
9.3 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF BIM: 2000 TO 2017
9.3.1 Impact on Owners: Better Options, Better Reliability
9.3.2 Impact on the Design Professions
9.3.3 Impact on Construction Companies
9.3.4 Impact on Building Material and Component Suppliers
9.3.5 Impact on Construction Education: Integrated Education
9.3.6 Impact on Statutory Authorities: Model Access and Review
9.3.7 Impact on Project Documentation: OnDemand Drawings
9.3.8 Impact on BIM Tools: More Integration, More Specialization, More
Information
9.4 CURRENT TRENDS
9.4.1 Process Trends
9.4.2 Technology Trends
9.4.3 Integrative Process and Technology Trends
9.4.4 Trends in BIM Research
9.4.5 Obstacles to Change
9.5 VISION 2025
9.5.1 Thoroughly Digital Design and Construction
9.5.2 A New Culture of Innovation in Construction
9.5.3 Offsite Construction
9.5.4 Construction Regulation: Automated CodeChecking
9.5.5 Artificial Intelligence in Construction
9.5.6 Globalization
9.5.7 Support for Sustainable Construction
9.6 BEYOND 2025
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 9 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Chapter 10: BIM Case Studies
10.0 INTRODUCTION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
10.1 NATIONAL CHILDRENS HOSPITAL, DUBLIN
10.1.1 Introduction
10.1.2 Motivation for the Project
10.1.3 The Building
10.1.4 The NCH Project
10.1.5 The BIM Executive Plan (BEP)
10.1.6 Visualization, Simulation, and Design Optimization
10.1.7 Summary of BIM Benefits
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
10.2 HYUNDAI MOTORSTUDIO GOYANG, SOUTH KOREA
10.2.1 Project Overview
10.2.2 Complex Spatial Arrangement: BIMBased Design Coordination
10.2.3 FreeForm Patterned Exterior: Panelization
10.2.4 Largest Mega Truss Structure in Korea: Laser Scanning
10.2.5 Perception Gap between Participants: VR and 4D simulation
10.2.6 Needs for Schedule Reduction: Multitrade Prefabrication
10.2.7 Lessons Learned and Conclusion
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
10.3 FONDATION LOUIS VUITTON, PARIS
10.3.1 Introduction
10.3.2 Project Design Workflow and Software Technology
10.3.3 Design of the Structure and Sails
10.3.4 Model Analyses
10.3.5 Generative Detailing Using 3D Intelligent Components
10.3.6 Concrete Iceberg Panelization and Optimization for Fabrication
10.3.7 Fabrication of the Glass Sails
10.3.8 Integrated Use of the BIM Model
10.3.9 Lessons Learned
10.3.10 Conclusion
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
10.4 DONGDAEMUN DESIGN PLAZA, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
10.4.1 Introduction
10.4.2 Challenges during the Design Phase
10.4.3 Challenges during the Construction Phase
10.4.4 BIM to Fabrication
10.4.5. Lessons Learned
10.4.6 Conclusion and Future Outlook
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
10.5 SAINT JOSEPH HOSPITAL, DENVER
10.5.1 Organizational Structure and the Collaboration Agreement
10.5.2 The BIM Execution Plan
10.5.3 Simulations and Analyses
10.5.4 BIM Support for Prefabrication
10.5.5 Ensuring Metrics Help Inform Future Efforts
10.5.6 Risk and Safety Benefits of BIM and Prefabrication
10.5.7 BIM in the Field
10.5.8 BIM for Facility Management
10.5.9 Lessons Learned: Best Practices
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ONLINE SOURCES
10.6 VICTORIA STATION, LONDON UNDERGROUND
10.6.1 History
10.6.2 The Project
10.6.3 Engineering Challenges
10.6.4 The Role of BIM
10.6.5 BIM Benefits to the Project
10.6.6 Postscript
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
10.7 NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENT RESIDENCE HALLS, SINGAPORE
10.7.1 Introduction
10.7.2 Project Overview
10.7.3 Project Organization/Management
10.7.4 PPVC Workflow
10.7.5 BIM Implementation
10.7.6 Parametric PPVC Library
10.7.7 Benefits Realization
10.7.8 Conclusion and Lessons Learned
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
10.8 MAPLETREE BUSINESS CITY II, SINGAPORE
10.8.1 Introduction
10.8.2 Communication and Collaboration Issues
10.8.3 BIM Coordination Meetings
10.8.4 BIM Execution Planning
10.8.5 Data Exchange
10.8.6 Productivity Gains
10.8.7 Innovative Uses of BIM
10.8.8 Simulation and Analysis
10.8.9 BIM in the Field
10.8.10 Conclusion
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
10.9 PRINCE MOHAMMAD BIN ABDULAZIZ INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, MEDINA, UAE
10.9.1 Project Information
10.9.2 Novel/Innovative Use of BIM
10.9.3 Communication and Collaboration
10.9.4 Stakeholder Involvement
10.9.5 Risk
10.9.6 BIM in the Field
10.9.7 Lessons Learned: Problems, Challenges, Solutions
10.9.8 Conclusion and Future Outlook
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
10.10 HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE, CHEVY CHASE, MARYLAND
10.10.1 Introduction
10.10.2 Background
10.10.3 The Challenges
10.10.4 An FMCapable BIM
10.10.5 Impact Analysis Using an FMCapable BIM
10.10.6 Lessons Learned Thus Far
10.10.7 Path Forward
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
10.11 STANFORD NEUROSCIENCE HEALTH CENTER, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA
10.11.1 Introduction
10.11.2 Project Details
10.11.3 The Pilot
10.11.4 Making the Case
10.11.5 The Journey
10.11.6 The Team
10.11.7 Executing the Pilot
10.11.8 Use Case Metrics
10.11.9 Results of Use Cases
10.11.10 Summary of Benefits
10.11.11 BIM Costs and Impact on Annual Budget
10.11.12 Lessons Learned
10.11.13 Conclusion and Future Outlook
Glossary
References
Index
Rafael Sacks is a Professor of Civil Engineering and leads the Virtual Construction Lab at the Technion Israel Institute of Technology.
Chuck Eastman is Professor Emeritus in the College of Architecture at Georgia Tech. He founded the Digital Building Laboratory.
Ghang Lee is a Professor and the Director of the Building Informatics Group at Yonsei University in Seoul, Korea.
Paul Teicholz is Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. He founded the Center for Integrated Facility Engineering at Stanford University.
