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Biodiversity of the Southern Ocean [Hardback]

(UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France), (Paleontologist and Macroecologist, Associate Professor of Life Sciences, Earth and Environment, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 130 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 260 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-Nov-2015
  • Izdevniecība: ISTE Press Ltd - Elsevier Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1785480472
  • ISBN-13: 9781785480478
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Biodiversity of the Southern OceanPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 130 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 260 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-Nov-2015
  • Izdevniecība: ISTE Press Ltd - Elsevier Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1785480472
  • ISBN-13: 9781785480478
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781785480478.html
Keywords:

The Southern Ocean surrounding the Antarctic continent is vast, in particular, its history, its isolation, and climate, making it a unique "laboratory case" for experimental evolution, adaptation and ecology. Its evolutionary history of adaptation provide a wealth of information on the functioning of the biosphere and its potential.

The Southern Ocean is the result of a history of nearly 40 million years marked by the opening of the Straits south of Australia and South America and intense cooling. The violence of its weather, its very low temperatures, the formation of huge ice-covered areas, as its isolation makes the Southern Ocean a world apart.

This book discusses the consequences for the evolution, ecology and biodiversity of the region, including endemism, slowed metabolism, longevity, gigantism, and its larval stages; features which make this vast ocean a "natural laboratory" for exploring the ecological adaptive processes, scalable to work in extreme environmental conditions. Today, biodiversity of the Southern Ocean is facing global change, particularly in regional warming and acidification of water bodies. Unable to migrate further south, how will she cope, if any, to visitors from the North?

  • Designed for curious readers to discover the immense ocean surrounding the most isolated and most inhospitable continent on the planet.
  • Describes the Southern Ocean facing biodiversification due to global change
  • Authored by scientists with experience of expeditions to the Southern Ocean

Papildus informācija

An isolated history and climate, surrounding the body of the Antarctic
Preface ix
Introduction xi
Chapter 1 A Brief History of Exploration and Discovery
1(16)
1.1 The Age of Navigation
1(5)
1.2 Scientific expeditions come to the fore
6(3)
1.2.1 Pre-1914, the precursor era
6(3)
1.2.2 Post 1950, the age of permanent settlement
9(1)
1.3 An increase in commercial exploitation
9(3)
1.4 Dynamics of the discovery of Southern Ocean biodiversity
12(1)
1.5 Tools for oceanography exploration
13(4)
Chapter 2 The Southern Ocean and its Environment: a World of Extremes
17(16)
2.1 An ocean with undefined limits
18(1)
2.2 The southern climate: windy and cold, with very little light
19(3)
2.2.1 Strong winds
19(1)
2.2.2 Extreme cold
20(1)
2.2.3 From winter night to weak daylight
21(1)
2.3 Ice in all its forms
22(2)
2.3.1 Sea ice
22(1)
2.3.2 Ice sheets and ice shelves
23(1)
2.4 In isolation yet interconnected, the complexity of ocean circulation ...
24(4)
2.4.1 Ocean currents
24(2)
2.4.2 Ocean fronts and the zonation of water masses
26(1)
2.4.3 A complex interplay between wind, water and ice
26(2)
2.4.4 Water in action
28(1)
2.5 Sediment and nutrients
28(5)
2.5.1 Marine sediment and its origins
28(1)
2.5.2 Oxygen and nutrients, sources of marine life
29(4)
Chapter 3 The Ocean Through Time
33(10)
3.1 The split of a supercontinent from the Jurassic to the Eocene
34(4)
3.2 Global cooling at the Eocene-Oligocene transition
38(2)
3.3 Other thermal anomalies during the Oligocene and Miocene
40(1)
3.4 Another cold snap in the late Miocene
40(1)
3.5 Climatic oscillations and glacial-interglacial cycles
41(2)
Chapter 4 Southern Ocean Biogeography and Communities
43(16)
4.1 Inventorying Antarctic marine biodiversity
44(1)
4.2 Southern Ocean biogeography
45(14)
4.2.1 A rich ocean
45(1)
4.2.2 Unique biodiversity
45(2)
4.2.3 Richness and latitude
47(2)
4.2.4 Biogeographic regions and provinces
49(7)
4.2.5 The paradox of bipolar distribution patterns
56(3)
Chapter 5 History of Biodiversity in the Southern Ocean
59(12)
5.1 So much ice yet so few fossils
60(1)
5.2 Origins and age of Antarctic marine biodiversity
61(2)
5.3 Break-up of Gondwana and isolation of Antarctic fauna
63(1)
5.4 Mass extinction event at the end of the Mesozoic Era
64(1)
5.5 Evolution of biodiversity and ancient climatic changes
65(6)
5.5.1 The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
65(1)
5.5.2 Consequences of the late Eocene biological crisis
65(2)
5.5.3 Glaciation and species adaptation in the Miocene Epoch
67(1)
5.5.4 Are glacial-interglacial cycles good for biodiversity?
68(3)
Chapter 6 Adaptation of Organisms
71(22)
6.1 Surviving the cold and escaping the ice
71(4)
6.1.1 Fish that make their own antifreeze
71(2)
6.1.2 Looking out for number one, but stronger together
73(1)
6.1.3 A good insulator
73(1)
6.1.4 Adaptations in physiology and metabolism
74(1)
6.2 Living with ice
75(4)
6.2.1 Sea ice habitats
75(2)
6.2.2 Far from the world, under the ice shelves
77(2)
6.3 Dealing with intense fluctuations
79(2)
6.3.1 Hellish coastline conditions
79(1)
6.3.2 Advantaged trophic groups
79(2)
6.3.3 Feeding their young by endless periods of fasting
81(1)
6.3.4 From total night to permanent day
81(1)
6.4 Lower metabolic rates, longer lifespans and gigantism
81(6)
6.4.1 Metabolism and development
82(2)
6.4.2 Long-lived forms
84(1)
6.4.3 Gigantism
85(2)
6.5 Parents caring for their offspring
87(6)
6.5.1 Two strategies
87(2)
6.5.2 Kangaroo sea urchins
89(1)
6.5.3 Why is there so much brooding in the Southern Ocean?
90(3)
Chapter 7 Projections into the Future
93(10)
7.1 The immediate future
93(7)
7.1.1 Invasive species
95(2)
7.1.2 Extinctions
97(2)
7.1.3 Acidification
99(1)
7.2 The next cold event
100(1)
7.3 Drifting continents
101(2)
Appendix 103(2)
Bibliography 105(10)
Index 115