Nitrogen is arguably the most important nutrient required by plants. However, the availability of nitrogen is limited in many soils and although the earth's atmosphere consists of 78.1% nitrogen gas (N2) plants are unable to use this form of nitrogen. To compensate , modern agriculture has been highly reliant on industrial nitrogen fertilizers to achieve maximum crop productivity. However, a great deal of fossil fuel is required for the production and delivery of nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover carbon dioxide (CO2) which is released during fossil fuel combustion contributes to the greenhouse effect and run off of nitrate leads to eutrophication of the waterways. Biological nitrogen fixation is an alternative to nitrogen fertilizer. It is carried out by prokaryotes using an enzyme complex called nitrogenase and results in atmospheric N2 being reduced into a form of nitrogen diazotrophic organisms and plants are able to use (ammonia). It is this process and its major players which will be discussed in this book.
Biological Nitrogen Fixation is a comprehensive two volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in nitrogen fixation. Chapters across both volumes emphasize molecular techniques and advanced biochemical analysis approaches applicable to various aspects of biological nitrogen fixation.
Volume 1 explores the chemistry and biochemistry of nitrogenases, nif gene regulation, the taxonomy, evolution, and genomics of nitrogen fixing organisms, as well as their physiology and metabolism.
Volume 2 covers the symbiotic interaction of nitrogen fixing organisms with their host plants, including nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, plant and microbial "omics", cyanobacteria, diazotrophs and non-legumes, field studies and inoculum preparation, as well as nitrogen fixation and cereals.
Covering the full breadth of current nitrogen fixation research and expanding it towards future advances in the field, Biological Nitrogen Fixation will be a one-stop reference for microbial ecologists and environmental microbiologists as well as plant and agricultural researchers working on crop sustainability.
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
VOLUME 1
Chapter
1. Introduction
Frans J. de Bruijn
Section
1. Focus
Chapters
Chapter
2. Recent advances in Understanding Nitrogenases and How They Work
William Newton
Chapter
3. Evolution and Taxonomy of Nitrogen-fixing Organisms with emphasis
on Rhizobia
Kristina Lindstrom
Chapter
4. Evolution of Rhizobium Nodulation: From Nodule Specific Genes
(Nodulins) to Recruitment of Common Processes
Ton Bisseling
Chapter
5. Bioengineering Nitrogen Acquisition in Rice: Promises for Global
Food Security
Herbert Kronzucker
Section
2. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nitrogenases
Chapter
6. An Overview of Fe-S Protein Biogenesis from Prokaryotes to
Eukaryotes
Mahipal Kesawat
Chapter
7. Biosynthesis of the Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor of Nitrogenase
Luis Rubio
Chapter
8. Distribution and Ecological Niches of Nitrogenases
Alexander Glazer
Section
3. Expression and Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation Genes and
Nitrogenase
Chapter
9. Regulation of nif Gene Expression in Azotobacter vinelandii
Cesar Poza-Carrion, Luis Rubio
Chapter
10. Coupling of Regulation between Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism in
Nitrogen Fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501
Lin Min
Chapter
11. Regulation of NItrogen Fixation and Molybdenum Transport in
Rhodobacter capsulatus
Bernd Masepohl
Chapter 12. Metabolic Regulation of Nitrogenase Activity in Rhodospirillum
rubrum: The Role of PII Proteins and Membrane Sequestration
Stefan Nordlund
Chapter
13. How Does the DraG-PII Complex Regulate Nitrogenase Activity in
Azospirillum brasilense?
Xiao-Dan Li
Chapter
14. Fe Protein Over-expression Can Enhance the Nitrogenase Activity
of Azotobacter vinelandii
Papri Nag
Chapter
15. FNR-like Proteins in Rhizobia: Past and Future
Lourdes Girard
Section
4. Taxonomy and Evolution of Nitrogen Fixing Organisms
Chapter
16. Exploring Alternative Paths for the Evolution of Biological
Nitrogen Fixation
John Peters
Chapter
17. Phylogeny, Diversity, Geographical Distribution and Host Range
of Legume-Nodulating Betaproteobacteria: What Is the Role of Plant Taxonomy?
Lionel Moulin, Euan James
Chapter 18. Bradyrhizobium, The Ancestor of All Rhizobia: Phylogeny of
Housekeeping and Nitrogen-fixation Genes
Mariangela Hungria
Chapter
19. Interaction between Host and Rhizobial Strains: Affinities and
Coevolution
Mario Aguilar
Chapter
20. Assessment of Nitrogenase Diversity in the Environment
Daniel Buckley
Section
5. Genomics of Nitrogen Fixing Organisms
Chapter
21. Genetic Regulation of Symbiosis Island Transfer in Mesorhizobium
loti
Joshua Ramsay, Clive Ronson
Chapter
22. The Azotobacter vinelandii Genome: An Update
Joao C. Setubal
Chapter
23. The Genome Sequence of the Novel Rhizobial Species Microvirga
lotononidis Strain WSM3557.
Julie Ardley
Chapter
24. Genome Characteristics of Frankia sp. Reflect Host Range and
Host Plant Biogeography
Philippe Normand, David Benson
Chapter
25. Core and Accessory Henomes of The Diazotroph Azospirillum
Florence Wisniewski-Dye
Chapter
26. Pangenome Evolution in The Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixer
Sinorhizobium meliloti
Marco Galardini
Chapter
27. Pangenomic Analysis of The Rhizobiales Using The GET_HOMOLOGUES
Software Package
Pablo Vinuesa
Section
6. Physiology and Metabolism of Nitrogen Fixing Organisms
Chapter
28. Metabolism of Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobia During Root and Stem
Symbiosis with Aeschynomene legumes
Benjamin Gourion
Chapter
29. A Plethora of Terminal Oxidases and Their Biogenesis Factors in
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Hauke Hennecke
Chapter
30. Rhizobial Extracytoplasmic Function (ECF) Factors and Their Role
in Oxidative Stress Response of Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Hans-Martin Fischer
Chapter
31. Role of the Bacterial BacA ABC-transporter in Chronic Infection
of Nodule Cells by Rhizobium
Peter Mergaert
Chapter
32. Molecular Keys to Broad Host Range in Sinorhizobium fredii
NGR234, USDA257 and HH103
Wolfgang Streit
Chapter
33. Motility and Chemotaxis in the Rhizobia
Michael Hynes
Chapter
34. The Pts/Ntr System Globally Regulates ATP-dependent Transporters
in Rhizobium leguminosarum
Jurgen Prell
Section
7. Nitrogen Fixing Organisms, the Plant Rhizosphere and Stress
Tolerance
Chapter
35. Actinorhizal Root Exudates Alter the Physiology, Surface
Properties and Plant Infectivity of Frankia
Louis Tisa
Chapter
36. Exopolysaccharide Production in Rhizobia is Regulated by
Environmental Factors
Monika Janczarek
Chapter
37. Regulation of Symbiotically-Important Functions by Quorum
Sensing in the Sinorhizobium meliloti-Alfalfa Interaction
Juan Gonzales
Chapter
38. Lumichrome as a Bacterial Signal Molecule Influencing Plant
Growth
Felix Dakora
Chapter
39. Genes Involved in Desiccation Resistance of Rhizobia and Other
Bacteria
Michael Kahn
Chapter
40. The General Stress Response in Alpha-rhizobia
Claude Bruand
Section
8. Physiology and Regulation of Nodulation
Chapter
41. The Root Hair: A Single Cell Model for Systems Biology
Marc Libault
Chapter
42. How Transcriptomics Revealed New Information on Actinorhizal
Symbioses Establishment and Evolution
Valerie Hocher
Chapter
43. Molecular Biology of Infection and Nodule Development in
Discaria trinervis Frankia Actinorhizal Symbiosis
Sergio Svistoonoff
Chapter
44. Lotus japonicus Nodulates When It Sees Red
Akihiro Suzuki
Chapter
45. Out of Water of A New Model Legume: The Nod-independent
Aeschynomene evenia
Jean-Francois Arrighi
Chapter
46. Phosphorus Use Efficiency for N2 Fixation in The Rhizobial
Symbiosis with Legumes
Jean Jacques Drevon
Chapter
47. Regulation of Nodule Development by Short and Long Distance
Auxin Transport
Ulrike Mathesius
Chapter
48. Functional Analysis of Nitrogen-Fixing Root Nodule Symbioses
Induced by Frankia: Transport and Metabolic Interactions
Alison Berry
Chapter
49. NOOT-dependent Control of Nodule Identity: Nodule Homeosis and
Meristem Perturbation
Pascal Ratet
Volume 2
Section
9. Recognition in Nodulation
Chapter
50. Roles for Flavonoids in Symbiotic Root-Rhizosphere
Interactions
Ulrike Mathesius
Chapter
51. Nod Factor Recognition in Medicago truncatula
Jean Jacques Bono
Chapter
52. Role of Ectoapyrases in Nodulation
Gary Stacey
Chapter
53. Role of Rhizobium Cellulase CelC2 in Root Colonization and
Infection
Pedro Mateos
Chapter
54. Nod Factor-Induced Calcium Signaling in Legumes
Giles Oldroyd
Chapter
55. Signalling and Communication between Actinorhizal Plants and
Frankia During the Intracellular Symbiotic Process
Claudine Franche
Section
10. Infection and Nodule Ontogeny
Chapter
56. The Role of Hormones in Rhizobial Infection
Jeremy Murray
Chapter
57. Nuclear Ca2+ Signaling Reveals Active Bacterial-Host Signaling
throughout Rhizobial Infection in Root Hairs of Medicago truncatula
David Barker
Chapter
58. A Pectate Lyase Required for Plant-Cell Wall Remodelling During
Infection of Legumes by Rhizobia
Allan Downie
Chapter
59. Dissecting The Roles in Outer and Inner Root Cell Layers of
Plant Genes That Control Rhizobial Infection and Nodule Organogenesis
Clare Gough
Chapter
60. The Medicago truncatula NIP/LATD Transporter Is Essential for
Nodulation and Appropriate Root Architecture
Rebecca Dickstein
Chapter
61. A MYB Coiled Coil Type Transcription Factor Interacts with NSP2
and Is Essential for Nodulation in Lotus japonicus
Zhongming Zhang
Chapter
62. AP2/ERF Transcription Factors and Root Nodulation
Fernanda de Carvalo-Niebel
Chapter
63. Identification of Medicago truncatula Genes Required for
Rhizobial Invasion and Bacteroid Differentiation
Peter Kalo
Chapter
64. Multifacetted Roles of Nitric Oxide in Rhizobium-Legume
Symbioses
Eliane Meilhoc
Chapter
65. Profiling Symbiotic Responses of Sinorhizobium fredii Strain
NGR234 with RNA-seq
Xavier Perret
Chapter
66. Computational and Experimental Evidence That Auxin Accumulation
in Nodule and Lateral Root Primordia Occurs by Different Mechanisms
Eva Elisabeth Deinum
Section
11. Transitions from the Bacterial to the Bacteroid State
Chapter
67. Bacteroid Differentiation in Legume Nodules: Role of AMP-like
Host Peptides in the Control of the Endosymbiont
Eva Kondorosi
Chapter
68. The Symbiosome Membrane
Penelope Smith
Section
12. Nitrogen Fixation, Assimilation and Senescence in Nodules
Chapter
69. Nodulin Intrinsic Proteins: Facilitators of Water and Ammonia
Transport across the Symbiosome Membrane
Daniel Roberts
Chapter
70. Leghemoglobins with Nitrated Hemes in Legume Root Nodule
Manuel Becana
Chapter
71. The Role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylase Enzyme in
Leguminous Nodule Senescence
Neung Teaumroong
Section
13. Microbial Omics
Chapter
72. Pool-Seq Analysis of Microsymbiont Selection by the Legume Plant
Host
Juan Imperial
Chapter
73. Contribution of the RNA Chaperone Hfq to Environmental Fitness
and Symbiosis in Sinorhizobium meliloti
José I. Jimenes-Zurdo
Chapter
74. Biodiversity, Symbiotic Efficiency and Genomics of Rhizobium
tropici and Related Species
Mariangela Hungria
Chapter
75. The Frankia alni Symbiotic Transcriptome
Philippe Normand
Chapter
76. A Comprehensive Survey of Soil Rhizobiales Using High-Throughput
DNA Sequencing
Ryan Jones
Chapter
77. Gene Targeted Metagenomics of Diazotrophs in Coastal Saline
Soil
Bhanavath Jha
Section
14. Plant Omics and Functional Genetics
Chapter
78. The Medicago truncatula Genome
Frederic Debellé
Chapter
79. Leveraging Large-Scale Approaches to Dissect the Rhizobia-Legume
Symbiosis
Oswaldo Valdes-Lopez
Chapter
80. LegumeIP: An Integrative Platform for Comparative Genomics and
Transcriptomics of Model Legumes
Patrick Xuechun Zhao
Chapter
81. Databases of Transcription Factors in Legumes
Lam-son Phan Tran
Chapter
82. Functional Genomics of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes
with a Focus on Transcription Factors and Membrane Transporters
Michael Udvardi
Chapter
83. Retrotransposon (Tnt1)-insertion Mutagenesis in Medicago as a
Tool for Genetic Dissection of Symbiosis in Legumes
Michael Udvardi
Section
15. Cyanobacteria and Archaea
Chapter
84. Marine Titrogen Fixation: Organisms, Significance, Enigmas and
Future Directions
Jonathan Zehr
Chapter
85. Requirement of Cell Wall Remodelling for Cell-Cell Communication
and Cell Differentiation in Filamentous Cyanobacteria of the Order
Nostocales
Karl Forchhammer
Chapter
86. Nitrogen Fixation in the Oxygenic Phototrophic Prokaryotes
(Cyanobacteria): The Fight Against Oxygen
Enrique Flores
Chapter
87. Underestimation of Marine Dinitrogen Fixation: A Novel Method
and Novel Diazotrophic Habitats
Ruth Schmitz
Section
16. Diazotrophic Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and
Non-Legumes
Chapter
88. One Hundred Years Discovery of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobacteria
Claudine Elmerich
Chapter
89. Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes: Perspectives on the
Diversity and Evolution of Nodulation by Rhizobium and Burkholderia Species
Ann Hirsch
Chapter
90. Agronomic Applications of Azospirillum and Other PGPR
Yaacov Okon
Chapter
91. Auxin Signaling in Azospirillum brasilense: A Proteome Analysis
Stijn Spaepen
Chapter
92. Genetic and Functional Characterization of Paenibacillus
riograndensis: A Novel Plant Growth Promoting Bacterium Isolated from Wheat
Luciane Passaglia
Chapter
93. Role of Herbaspirillum seropedicae LPS in Plant Colonization
Rose Adele Monteiro
Chapter
94. Culture-independent Assessment of Diazotrophic Bacteria in
Sugarcane and Isolation of Bradyrhizobium spp. from Field Grown Sugarcane
Plants Using Legume Trap Plants
Anton Hartmann
Chapter
95. How Fertilization Affects the Selection of Plant Growth
Promoting Rhizobacteria by Host Plants
Luciane Passaglia
Section
17. Field Studies, Inoculum Preparation, Applications of Nod
Factors
Chapter
96. Appearance of Membrane Compromised, Viable But Not Culturable
and Culturable Rhizobial Cells As A Consequence of Desiccation
Jan Vriezen
Chapter
97. Making the Most of High Quality Inoculants
Rosalind Deaker
Chapter
98. Rhizobiophages As Markers in The Selection of Symbiotically
Efficient Rhizobia for Legumes
Felix Dakora
Chapter
99. Nitrogen Fixation with Soybean: The Perfect Symbiosis?
Mariangela Hungria
Chapter
100. Nodule Functioning and Symbiotic Efficiency of Cowpea and
Soybean Varieties in Africa
Flora Pule Meulenberg
Chapter
101. Microbial Quality of Commercial Inoculants to Increase BNF and
Nutrient Use Efficiency
Didier Lesueur
Chapter
102. Developed Fungal-Bacterial Biofilms Having Nitrogen Fixers:
Universal Biofertilizers for Legumes and Non-legumes
H.M. Herath
Chapter
103. Phenotypic Variation in Azospirillum spp. and Other
Root-Associated Bacteria
Anton Hartmann
Chapter
104. The physiological mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in
rhizobia
Andrea Casteriano
Chapter
105. Food Grain Legumes: Their Contribution to Soil Fertility and
Human Nutrition and Health in Africa
Felix Dakora
Chapter
106. Plant Breeding for Biological Nitrogen Fixation: A Review
Peter Kennedy
Chapter
107. LCO Applications Provide Improved Responses with Legumes and
Non-legumes
Stewart Smith
Section 18 Nitrogen Fixation and Cereals
Chapter
108. The Quest for Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Cereals : A
Perspective and Prospective
Frans J. de Bruijn
Chapter
109. Environmental and Economic Impacts of Biological N2 Fixing
(BNF) Cereal Crops
Perrin Beatty
Chapter
110. Conservation of the Symbiotic Signalling Pathway between
Legumes and Cereals: Did Nodulation Constraints Drive Legume Symbiotic Genes
to Become Specialised During Evolution?
Charles Rosenberg
Chapter
111. Occurrence and Ecophysiology of the Natural Endophytic
Rhizobium-rice Association, and Translational Assessment of its Biofertilizer
Performance within the Egypt Nile Delta
Youssef Yanni
Section
19. Concluding
Chapters
Chapter
112. The Relevance of N-fixation and N-recyling for Insect Biomass
and N-balances of Ecosystems
Martin Heil
Chapter
113. Rapid Identification of Nodule Bacteria with MALDI-TOF Mass
Spectrometry
Xavier Perret
Chapter
114. The Microbe-Free Plant: Fact or Artefact?
Martin Heil
Frans J. de Bruijn received his Ph.D. (Cellular and Developmental Biology; Microbial Genetics) from Harvard University in 1983. His resume reflects an array of experiences as a teacher, researcher, board member, and he is currently Director of Research at the Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interactions in Toulouse, France.
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām