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Biology of Deserts 2nd Revised edition [Hardback]

4.00/5 (8 ratings by Goodreads)
(Art & Margaret Herrick Endowed Professor of Plant Biology, Biological Sciences, Kent State University)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 388 pages, height x width x depth: 234x172x26 mm, weight: 837 g
  • Sērija : Biology of Habitats Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Jun-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198732759
  • ISBN-13: 9780198732754
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Biology of Deserts 2nd Revised editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 388 pages, height x width x depth: 234x172x26 mm, weight: 837 g
  • Sērija : Biology of Habitats Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Jun-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198732759
  • ISBN-13: 9780198732754
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780198732754.html
Keywords:
This book offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to desert ecology and adopts a strong evolutionary focus. As with other titles in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in the book is on the organisms that dominate this harsh environment, although theoretical and experimental aspects are also discussed. In this updated second edition, there is a greater focus on the effects of climate change and some of its likely effects on deserts, seeing desertification as among the most serious results of climate change, leading ultimately to the increasing size of arid and semi-arid regions.

The Biology of Deserts Second Edition includes a wide range of ecological and evolutionary issues including morphological and physiological adaptations of desert plants and animals, species interactions, the importance of predation and parasitism, food webs, biodiversity, and conservation. It features a balance of plant and animal (both invertebrate and vertebrate) examples, and also emphasizes topical applied issues such as desertification and invasive species. The book concludes by considering the positive aspects of desert conservation.

This accessible textbook is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as professional ecologists, conservation practitioners, and resource managers working in the field of desert ecology.

Recenzijas

Wards book is a highly readable introduction to the many facets of desert biology and is rich in fascinating details. Theory and examples are nicely interwoven and supplemented by numerous figures and illustrations ... a must read for any biologist curious about desert ecosystems * Yael Lubin, Conservation Biology *

1 Introduction
1(13)
1.1 General introduction
1(1)
1.2 What creates a desert?
2(1)
1.3 Deserts have low precipitation and high variability in precipitation
2(2)
1.4 How old are deserts?
4(2)
1.5 Deserts are created by a lack of precipitation and not high temperatures
6(1)
1.6 Aridity indices
7(2)
1.7 What denies rainfall to deserts?
9(3)
1.8 Global change and deserts
12(2)
2 Abiotic Factors
14(22)
2.1 Precipitation
14(9)
2.1.1 Rainfall
14(9)
2.2 Temperature
23(1)
2.2.1 Hot deserts
23(1)
2.2.2 Cold deserts
23(1)
2.3 Declines in pan evaporation
24(1)
2.4 Geology
25(8)
2.4.1 Desert landscapes
26(7)
2.5 Fire
33(1)
2.6 Wind erosion
34(2)
3 Morphological and Physiological Adaptations of Desert Plants to the Abiotic Environment
36(39)
3.1 Classifications of desert plants
36(4)
3.2 Types of photosynthesis
40(5)
3.3 Biological soil crusts
45(1)
3.4 Annual plants
46(9)
3.4.1 Desert versus mesic annual species
47(1)
3.4.2 Seed germination and dispersal strategies
47(3)
3.4.3 Why is long-range dispersal rare in desert plants?
50(3)
3.4.4 Delayed germination
53(1)
3.4.5 Seed heteromorphism
53(2)
3.5 Grasses, forbs, and shrubs/perennials
55(7)
3.5.1 Clonality
55(1)
3.5.2 Photosynthesis and stomatal opening
55(1)
3.5.3 Heat shock proteins
56(3)
3.5.4 Specific leaf area
59(1)
3.5.5 Leaf pubescence
59(2)
3.5.6 Fog---an unusual water source
61(1)
3.5.7 Grasses
61(1)
3.6 Geophytes
62(1)
3.6.1 Hysteranthy and its consequences
63(1)
3.7 Stem and leaf succulents
63(4)
3.7.1 Stem succulents
63(3)
3.7.2 Leaf succulents
66(1)
3.8 Halophytes
67(2)
3.9 Phreatophytes
69(6)
3.9.1 Hydraulic lift
70(5)
4 Morphological, Physiological, and Behavioural Adaptations of Desert Animals to the Abiotic Environment
75(34)
4.1 Evaders and evaporators
77(17)
4.1.1 Snails
81(2)
4.1.2 Frogs
83(1)
4.1.3 Rodents
84(3)
4.1.4 Spider burrows and termite mounds
87(1)
4.1.5 Physiological mechanisms of controlling heat gain
88(6)
4.2 Adaptations to handle unique situations
94(3)
4.2.1 Salt glands in birds and reptiles
94(1)
4.2.2 Mammals that consume halophytes
94(2)
4.2.3 Animals in temporary pools
96(1)
4.3 Endurers
97(5)
4.3.1 Ants
97(1)
4.3.2 Large mammals
98(4)
4.4 Removing the effects of phylogeny
102(7)
4.4.1 Insects (tenebrionid beetles)
102(4)
4.4.2 Birds
106(1)
4.4.3 Marsupial mammals
107(2)
5 The Role of Competition and Facilitation in Structuring Desert Communities
109(19)
5.1 Plant communities
109(13)
5.1.1 Annual plant communities
110(1)
5.1.2 Interactions among desert shrubs
111(2)
5.1.3 Fairy circles, heuweltjies, and mima mounds---competition, herbivory, or self-organization?
113(4)
5.1.4 Facilitation and nurse-plant effects
117(5)
5.2 Competition between animals
122(3)
5.2.1 Patch scale
122(1)
5.2.2 Habitat selection models
123(2)
5.3 Indirect interactions: keystone species and apparent competition
125(3)
5.3.1 Keystone species
125(1)
5.3.2 Short-term apparent competition
126(2)
6 The Importance of Predation and Parasitism
128(19)
6.1 Direct mortality
128(2)
6.2 Predation risk
130(3)
6.3 Apparent predation risk
133(2)
6.4 Priority effects
135(1)
6.5 Spiders
135(2)
6.6 Scorpions
137(1)
6.7 Visually hunting predators
138(2)
6.8 Snakes, scent-hunting predators
140(1)
6.9 Keystone predation
141(2)
6.10 Animal parasites and parasitoids
143(4)
6.10.1 Parasites
144(1)
6.10.2 Parasitoids
145(2)
7 Plant-Animal Interactions in Deserts
147(33)
7.1 Herbivory
147(15)
7.1.1 Grazing effects on species composition
150(1)
7.1.2 Long-term studies of the effects of large mammals on arid vegetation
150(1)
7.1.3 Effects of herbivory on relationships among plant functional types
151(6)
7.1.4 Is Australia a special case?---a meta-analysis
157(2)
7.1.5 Effects of insect herbivory on desert plants
159(3)
7.2 Pollination
162(7)
7.2.1 Yucca-yucca moth mutualism
164(3)
7.2.2 The senita cactus-senita moth obligate mutualism
167(2)
7.3 Seed dispersal and seed predation
169(5)
7.3.1 Myrmecochory
171(2)
7.3.2 Diplochory: using two mechanisms to disperse
173(1)
7.4 Are these coevolved systems?
174(6)
7.4.1 Senita and yucca systems
174(1)
7.4.2 Why Negev flowers are often red
175(1)
7.4.3 Dorcas gazelle--lily system
175(3)
7.4.4 Wood rats and their toxic diets
178(2)
8 Desert Food Webs and Ecosystem Ecology
180(24)
8.1 Do deserts have simple food webs?
180(3)
8.1.1 Can we scale up from two-species interactions to desert ecosystems?
182(1)
8.2 Food webs
183(3)
8.2.1 Polis and Ayal's problems with food-web models
185(1)
8.3 Interactions among habitats---spatial subsidies
186(2)
8.4 Effects of precipitation, nutrients, disturbances, and decomposition
188(16)
8.4.1 Effects of precipitation
188(6)
8.4.2 Effects of nutrients
194(4)
8.4.3 Disturbances
198(1)
8.4.4 Decomposition
199(5)
9 Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deserts
204(31)
9.1 Are deserts species-poor? α, β, and γ diversity patterns
204(8)
9.1.1 Plants
204(2)
9.1.2 Animals
206(6)
9.2 Productivity--diversity relationships in deserts
212(1)
9.3 Convergence and divergence of desert communities
213(9)
9.3.1 Community-wide character displacement
218(4)
9.4 Large-scale patterns in desert biogeography
222(13)
9.4.1 Plants
223(8)
9.4.2 Animals
231(4)
10 Human Impacts and Desertification
235(26)
10.1 The sensitive desert ecosystem: myth or reality?
235(7)
10.2 Pastoralism is the most important use of desert lands
242(14)
10.2.1 Oscillations of vegetation and herbivore populations
248(1)
10.2.2 Woody plant encroachment
249(1)
10.2.3 Invasive species
250(1)
10.2.4 Global climate changes
251(5)
10.3 Pumping aquifers: a problem of less water and more salinity
256(3)
10.4 When is it desertification? The importance of reversibility
259(2)
11 Conservation of Deserts
261(22)
11.1 Are deserts worth conserving?
261(1)
11.2 Conservation of desert species or habitats
261(10)
11.2.1 Umbrella species
262(2)
11.2.2 Keystone species
264(1)
11.2.3 Focal species
264(1)
11.2.4 Single populations
265(3)
11.2.5 SLOSS or metapopulations
268(2)
11.2.6 Conserving the entire habitat
270(1)
11.3 The 3 Rs: reintroduction, recolonization, and revegetation
271(6)
11.3.1 Asiatic wild ass
272(2)
11.3.2 Arabian oryx
274(2)
11.3.3 Recolonization by the American black bear
276(1)
11.3.4 Revegetation
276(1)
11.4 Genotype by environment interactions and intraspeciric variability
277(3)
11.5 Who gets to pay for this conservation and how is it controlled?
280(1)
11.6 People are also part of the desert environment
280(2)
11.7 Conclusions
282(1)
References 283(62)
Index 345
David Ward is Art and Margaret Herrick Endowed Professor of Plant Biology at Kent State University. His research interests lie in the field of the ecology of plant species redistributions. This includes studying both invasive and encroaching plant species. He is also interested in studying the natural process of succession. Most of his research involves trees but he also studies the effects of herbivory by large mammals (such as elephants) on the population biology, community ecology and conservation of plant populations. He believes in the value of field experiments to allow us to gain a mechanistic understanding of the factors that create large-scale vegetation patterns.