| About the Authors |
|
vi | |
| Preface |
|
viii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xxiii | |
| Chapter 1 Life Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations |
|
3 | (26) |
|
1.1 The Scientific Method |
|
|
4 | (4) |
|
Observation allows us to draw tentative explanations called hypotheses |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
A hypothesis makes predictions that can be tested by observation and experiments |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
General explanations of natural phenomena supported by many experiments and observations are called theories |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? What caused the extinction of the dinosaurs? |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
1.2 Chemical and Physical Principles |
|
|
8 | (4) |
|
The living and nonliving worlds share the same chemical foundations and obey the same physical laws |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
The scientific method shows that living organisms come from other living organisms |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? Can living organisms arise from nonliving matter? |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
How Do We Know? Can microscopic life arise from nonliving matter? |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
|
|
12 | (3) |
|
Nucleic acids store and transmit information needed for growth, function, and reproduction |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
Membranes define cells and spaces within cells |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
Metabolism converts energy from the environment into a form that can be used by cells |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
A virus is genetic material in need of a cell |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
|
15 | (4) |
|
Variation in populations provides the raw material for evolution |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Evolution predicts a nested pattern of relatedness among species, depicted as a tree |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
Evolution can be studied by means of experiments |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? Can evolution be demonstrated in the laboratory? |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Basic features of anatomy, physiology, and behavior shape ecological systems |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
Ecological interactions play an important role in evolution |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
|
20 | (9) |
|
Case 1: The First Cell: Life's Origins |
|
|
25 | (4) |
| Chapter 2 The Molecules Of Life |
|
29 | (20) |
|
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Electrons occupy regions of space called orbitals |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Elements have recurring, or periodic, chemical properties |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
2.2 Molecules and Chemical Bonds |
|
|
32 | (3) |
|
A covalent bond results when two atoms share electrons |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
A polar covalent bond is characterized by unequal sharing of electrons |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
An ionic bond forms between oppositely charged ions |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
A chemical reaction involves breaking and forming chemical bonds |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
2.3 Water: The Medium of Life |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
Water is a polar molecule |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
A hydrogen bond is an interaction of a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
Hydrogen bonds give water many unusual properties |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
pH is a measure of the concentration of protons in solution |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
2.4 Carbon: Life's Chemical Backbone |
|
|
37 | (2) |
|
Carbon atoms form four covalent bonds |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
Carbon-based molecules are structurally and functionally diverse |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
|
39 | (6) |
|
Functional groups add chemical character to carbon chains |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
Proteins are composed of amino acids |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
Nucleic acids encode genetic information in their nucleotide sequence |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
Complex carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
Lipids are hydrophobic molecules |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
2.6 How Did the Molecules of Life Form? |
|
|
45 | (4) |
|
The building blocks of life can be generated in the laboratory |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
How Do We Know? Could the building blocks of organic molecules have been generated on the early Earth? |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
Experiments show how life's building blocks can form macromolecules |
|
|
46 | (3) |
| Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids And Transcription |
|
49 | (20) |
|
3.1 Major Biological Functions of DNA |
|
|
50 | (3) |
|
DNA can transfer biological characteristics from one organism to another |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
How Do We Know ? What is the nature of the genetic material? |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
DNA molecules are copied in the process of replication |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know ? What is the nature of the genetic material? |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
3.2 Chemical Composition and Structure of DNA |
|
|
53 | (5) |
|
A DNA strand consists of subunits called nucleotides |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
DNA is a linear polymer of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Cellular DNA molecules take the form of a double helix |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
The three-dimensional structure of DNA gave important clues about its functions |
|
|
56 | (2) |
|
Cellular DNA is coiled and packaged with proteins |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
3.3 Retrieval of Genetic Information Stored in DNA: Transcription |
|
|
58 | (5) |
|
What was the first nucleic acid molecule, and how did it arise? |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
RNA is a polymer of nucleotides in which the 5-carbon sugar is ribose |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
In transcription, DNA is used as a template to make complementary RNA |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
Transcription starts at a promoter and ends at a terminator |
|
|
60 | (2) |
|
RNA polymerase adds successive nucleotides to the 3' end of the transcript |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
The RNA polymerase complex is a molecular machine that opens, transcribes, and closes duplex DNA |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
3.4 Fate of the RNA Primary Transcript |
|
|
63 | (6) |
|
Messenger RNA carries information for the synthesis of a specific protein |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Primary transcripts in eukaryotes undergo several types of chemical modification |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
Some RNA transcripts are processed differently from protein- coding transcripts and have functions of their own |
|
|
65 | (4) |
| Chapter 4 Translation And Protein Structure |
|
69 | (20) |
|
4.1 Molecular Structure of Proteins |
|
|
70 | (7) |
|
Amino acids differ in their side chains |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
Successive amino acids in proteins are connected by peptide bonds |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
The sequence of amino acids dictates protein folding, which determines function |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
Secondary structures result from hydrogen bonding in the polypeptide backbone |
|
|
73 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? What are the shapes of proteins? |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Tertiary structures result from interactions between amino acid side chains |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Polypeptide subunits can come together to form quaternary structures |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Chaperones help some proteins fold properly |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
4.2 Translation: How Proteins Are Synthesized |
|
|
77 | (9) |
|
Translation uses many molecules found in all cells |
|
|
77 | (2) |
|
The genetic code shows the correspondence between codons and amino acids |
|
|
79 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? How was the genetic code deciphered? |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Translation consists of initiation, elongation, and termination |
|
|
81 | (5) |
|
How did the genetic code originate? |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Visual Synthesis: Gene Expression |
|
|
84 | (2) |
|
4.3 Protein Evolution and the Origin of New Proteins |
|
|
86 | (3) |
|
Most proteins are composed of modular folding domains |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
Amino acid sequences evolve through mutation and selection |
|
|
86 | (3) |
| Chapter 5 Organizing Principles Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments |
|
89 | (26) |
|
5.1 Structure of Cell Membranes |
|
|
90 | (4) |
|
Cell membranes are composed of two layers of lipids |
|
|
90 | (2) |
|
How did the first cell membranes form? |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
Cell membranes are dynamic |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
Proteins associate with cell membranes in different ways |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
5.2 The Plasma Membrane and Cell Wall |
|
|
94 | (6) |
|
How Do We Know? Do proteins move in the plane of the membrane? |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
The plasma membrane maintains homeostasis |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
Passive transport involves diffusion |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
Primary active transport uses the energy of ATP |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
Secondary active transport is driven by an electrochemical gradient |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
Many cells maintain size and composition using active transport |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
The cell wall provides another means of maintaining cell shape |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
5.3 The Internal Organization of Cells |
|
|
100 | (4) |
|
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ in internal organization |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and extensive internal compartmentalization |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and specialized internal structures |
|
|
101 | (3) |
|
5.4 The Endomembrane System |
|
|
104 | (7) |
|
The endomembrane system compartmentalizes the cell |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
The nucleus houses the genome and is the site of RNA synthesis |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins and lipids |
|
|
105 | (2) |
|
Lysosomes degrade macromolecules |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
Protein sorting directs proteins to their proper location in or out of the cell |
|
|
108 | (3) |
|
5.5 Mitochondria and Chloroplasts |
|
|
111 | (4) |
|
Mitochondria provide the eukaryotic cell with most of its usable energy |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight |
|
|
111 | (4) |
| Chapter 6 Making Life Work Capturing and Using Energy |
|
115 | (16) |
|
6.1 An Overview of Metabolism |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
Organisms can be classified according to their energy and carbon sources |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that sustain life |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
6.2 Kinetic and Potential Energy |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
Kinetic and energy potential energy are two forms of energy |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
Chemical energy is a form of potential energy |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
ATP is a readily accessible form of cellular energy |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
The first law of thermodynamics: Energy is conserved |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
The second law of thermodynamics: Energy transformation always results in an increase of disorder in the universe |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (4) |
|
A chemical reaction occurs when molecules interact |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
The laws of thermodynamics determine whether a chemical reaction requires or releases energy available to do work |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
The hydrolysis of ATP releases energy |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Non-spontaneous reactions are often coupled to spontaneous reactions |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
6.5 Enzymes and the Rate of Chemical Reactions |
|
|
124 | (7) |
|
Enzymes reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
Enzymes form a complex with reactants and products |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Enzymes are highly specific |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
How Do We Know? Do enzymes form complexes with substrates? |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
Enzyme activity can be influenced by inhibitors and activators |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Allosteric enzymes regulate key metabolic pathways |
|
|
127 | (5) |
|
What naturally occurring elements might have spurred the first reactions that led to life? |
|
|
128 | (3) |
| Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration Harvesting Energy from Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules |
|
131 | (22) |
|
7.1 An Overview of Cellular Respiration |
|
|
132 | (3) |
|
Cellular respiration uses chemical energy stored in molecules such as carbohydrates and lipids to provide ATP |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
ATP is generated by substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
Redox reactions play a central role in cellular respiration |
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
Cellular respiration occurs in four stages |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
7.2 Glycolysis: The Splitting of Sugar |
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
Glycolysis is the partial breakdown of glucose |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
The oxidation of pyruvate connects glycolysis to the citric acid cycle |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
7.4 The Citric Acid Cycle |
|
|
138 | (2) |
|
The citric acid cycle produces ATP and reduced electron carriers |
|
|
138 | (2) |
|
What were the earliest energy-harnessing reactions? |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
7.5 The Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation |
|
|
140 | (4) |
|
The electron transport chain transfers electrons and pumps protons |
|
|
140 | (2) |
|
The proton gradient is a source of potential energy |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
ATP synthase converts the energy of the proton gradient into the energy of ATP |
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? Can a proton gradient drive the synthesis of ATP? |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
7.6 Anaerobic Metabolism and the Evolution of Cellular Respiration |
|
|
144 | (3) |
|
Fermentation extracts energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen |
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
How did early cells meet their energy requirements? |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
7.7 Metabolic Integration |
|
|
147 | (6) |
|
Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in animals and starch in plants |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
Sugars other than glucose contribute to glycolysis |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
Fatty acids and proteins are useful sources of energy |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
The intracellular level of ATP is a key regulator of cellular respiration |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
Exercise requires several types of fuel molecules and the coordination of metabolic pathways |
|
|
150 | (3) |
| Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates |
|
153 | (26) |
|
8.1 Photosynthesis: An Overview |
|
|
154 | (3) |
|
Photosynthesis is widely distributed |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
Photosynthesis is a redox reaction |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
The photosynthetic electron transport chain takes place on specialized membranes |
|
|
155 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? Does the oxygen released by photosynthesis come from H20 or CO2? |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
|
157 | (3) |
|
The incorporation of CO2 is catalyzed by the enzyme rubisco |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
NADPH is the reducing agent of the Calvin cycle |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
The regeneration of RuBP requires ATP |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
The steps of the Calvin cycle were determined using radioactive CO2 |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
Carbohydrates are stored in the form of starch |
|
|
158 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? How is CO2 used to synthesize carbohydrates? |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
8.3 Capturing Sunlight into Chemical Forms |
|
|
160 | (6) |
|
Chlorophyll is the major entry point for light energy in photosynthesis |
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
Photosystems use light energy to drive the photosynthetic electron transport chain |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
The photosynthetic electron transport chain connects two photosystems |
|
|
162 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? Do chlorophyll molecules operate on their own or in groups? |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
The accumulation of protons in the thylakoid lumen drives the synthesis of ATP |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
Cyclic electron transport increases the production of ATP |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
8.4 Challenges to Photosynthetic Efficiency |
|
|
166 | (4) |
|
Excess light energy can cause damage |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
Photorespiration leads to a net loss of energy and carbon |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
Photosynthesis captures just a small percentage of incoming solar energy |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
8.5 The Evolution of Photosynthesis |
|
|
170 | (9) |
|
How did early cells use sunlight to meet their energy requirements? |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
The ability to use water as an electron donor in photosynthesis evolved in cyanobacteria |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
Eukaryotic organisms are believed to have gained photosynthesis by endosymbiosis |
|
|
171 | (9) |
|
Visual Synthesis: Harnessing Energy: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration |
|
|
172 | (4) |
|
Case 2: Cancer: When Good Cells Go Bad |
|
|
176 | (3) |
| Chapter 9 Cell Signaling |
|
179 | (18) |
|
9.1 Principles of Cell Communication |
|
|
180 | (2) |
|
Cells communicate using chemical signals that bind to specific receptors |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Signaling involves receptor activation, signal transduction, response, and termination |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
9.2 Cell Signaling over Long and Short Distances |
|
|
182 | (3) |
|
Endocrine signaling acts over long distances |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
Signaling can occur over short distances |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
How Do We Know? Where do growth factors come from? |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Signaling can occur by direct cell-cell contact |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
9.3 Cell-Surface and Intracellular Receptors |
|
|
185 | (2) |
|
Receptors for polar signaling molecules are on the cell surface |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Receptors for nonpolar signaling molecules are in the interior of the cell |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Cell-surface receptors act like molecular switches |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
9.4 G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Short-Term Responses |
|
|
187 | (4) |
|
The first step in cell signaling is receptor activation |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
Signals are often amplified in the cytosol |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
Signals lead to a cellular response |
|
|
188 | (2) |
|
Signaling pathways are eventually terminated |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
9.5 Receptor Kinases and Long-Term Responses |
|
|
191 | (6) |
|
Receptor kinases phosphorylate each other, activate intercellular signaling pathways, lead to a response, and are terminated |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
How do cell signaling errors lead to cancer? |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
Signaling pathways are integrated to produce a response in a cell |
|
|
193 | (4) |
| Chapter 10 Cell And Tissue Architecture |
|
197 | (22) |
|
|
|
198 | (2) |
|
Tissues and organs are communities of cells |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
The structure of skin relates to its function |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (6) |
|
Microtubules and microfilaments are polymers of protein subunits |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
Microtubules and microfilaments are dynamic structures |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
Motor proteins associate with microtubules and micro- filaments to cause movement |
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
Intermediate filaments are polymers of proteins that vary according to cell type |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
The cytoskeleton is an ancient feature of cells |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
206 | (4) |
|
Cell adhesion molecules allow cells to attach to other cells and to the extracellular matrix |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Anchoring junctions connect adjacent cells and are reinforced by the cytoskeleton |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Tight junctions prevent the movement of substances through the space between cells |
|
|
208 | (2) |
|
Communicating junctions allow the passage of molecules between cells |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
10.4 The Extracellular Matrix |
|
|
210 | (9) |
|
The extracellular matrix of plants is the cell wall |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
The extracellular matrix is abundant in connective tissues of animals |
|
|
212 | (2) |
|
How do cancer cells spread throughout the body? |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Extracellular matrix proteins influence cell shape and gene expression |
|
|
214 | (6) |
|
How Do We Know? Can extracellular matrix proteins influence gene expression? |
|
|
215 | (4) |
| Chapter 11 Cell Division Variations, Regulation, and Cancer |
|
219 | (28) |
|
|
|
220 | (2) |
|
Prokaryotic cells reproduce by binary fission |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitotic cell division |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
The cell cycle describes the life cycle of a eukaryotic cell |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
11.2 Mitotic Cell Division |
|
|
222 | (4) |
|
The DNA of eukaryotic cells is organized as chromosomes |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Prometaphase: Chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Metaphase: Chromosomes align as a result of dynamic changes in the mitotic spindle |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Anaphase: Sister chromatids fully separate |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Telophase: Nuclear envelopes re-form around newly segregated chromosomes |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
The parent cell divides into two daughter cells by cytokinesis |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
11.3 Meiotic Cell Division |
|
|
226 | (7) |
|
Pairing of homologous chromosomes is unique to meiosis |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Crossing over between DNA molecules results in exchange of genetic material |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
The first meiotic division brings about the reduction in chromosome number |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
The second meiotic division resembles mitosis |
|
|
228 | (3) |
|
Division of the cytoplasm often differs between the sexes |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Meiosis is the basis of sexual reproduction |
|
|
231 | (2) |
|
11.4 Regulation of the Cell Cycle |
|
|
233 | (3) |
|
Protein phosphorylation controls passage through the cell cycle |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? How is progression through the cell cycle controlled? |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Different cyclin-CDK complexes regulate each stage of the cell cycle |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
Cell cycle progression requires successful passage through multiple checkpoints |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
11.5 What Genes Are Involved in Cancer? |
|
|
236 | (11) |
|
|
|
236 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? Can a virus cause cancer? |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
Proto-oncogenes are genes that when mutated may cause cancer |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
Tumor suppressors block specific steps in the development of cancer |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
Most cancers require the accumulation of multiple mutations |
|
|
238 | (10) |
|
Visual Synthesis: Cellular Communities |
|
|
240 | (4) |
|
Case 3: You, from A to T: Your Personal Genome |
|
|
244 | (3) |
| Chapter 12 Dna Replication And Manipulation |
|
247 | (24) |
|
|
|
248 | (6) |
|
During DNA replication, the parental strands separate and new partners are made |
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? How is DNA replicated? |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
New DNA strands grow by the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
In replicating DNA, one daughter strand is synthesized continuously and the other in a series of short pieces |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
A small stretch of RNA is needed to begin synthesis of a new DNA strand |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is coordinated |
|
|
252 | (2) |
|
DNA polymerase is self-correcting because of its proof- reading function |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
12.2 Replication of Chromosomes |
|
|
254 | (3) |
|
Replication of DNA in chromosomes starts at many places almost simultaneously |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
Telomerase restores tips of linear chromosomes shortened during DNA replication |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
12.3 Isolation, Identification, and Sequencing of DNA Fragments |
|
|
257 | (7) |
|
The polymerase chain reaction selectively amplifies regions of DNA |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Restriction enzymes cleave DNA at particular short sequences |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
DNA strands can be separated and brought back together again |
|
|
261 | (2) |
|
DNA sequencing makes use of the principles of DNA replication |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
What new technologies are being developed to sequence your personal genome? |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
|
264 | (7) |
|
Recombinant DNA combines DNA molecules from two or more sources |
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
Recombinant DNA is the basis of genetically modified organisms |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
DNA editing can be used to alter gene sequences almost at will |
|
|
267 | (4) |
| Chapter 13 Genomes |
|
271 | (20) |
|
|
|
272 | (3) |
|
How Do We Know? How are whole genomes sequenced? |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Complete genome sequences are assembled from smaller pieces |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Sequences that are repeated complicate sequence assembly |
|
|
273 | (2) |
|
Why sequence your personal genome? |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (3) |
|
Genome annotation identifies various types of sequence |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Genome annotation includes searching for sequence motifs |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
Comparison of genomic DNA with messenger RNA reveals the intronexon structure of genes |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
An annotated genome summarizes knowledge, guides research, and reveals evolutionary relationships among organisms |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
The HIV genome illustrates the utility of genome annotation and comparison |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
13.3 Gene Number, Genome Size, and Organismal Complexity |
|
|
278 | (3) |
|
Gene number is not a good predictor of biological complexity |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
Viruses, bacteria, and archaeons have small, compact genomes |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
Among eukaryotes, there is no relationship between genome size and organismal complexity |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
About half of the human genome consists of transposable elements and other types of repetitive DNA |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
13.4 Organization of Genomes |
|
|
281 | (4) |
|
Bacterial cells package their DNA as a nucleoid composed of many loops |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Eukaryotic cells package their DNA as one molecule per chromosome |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
The human genome consists of 22 pairs of chromosomes and two sex chromosomes |
|
|
282 | (3) |
|
Organelle DNA forms nucleoids that differ from those in bacteria |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
13.5 Viruses and Viral Genomes |
|
|
285 | (6) |
|
Viruses can be classified by their genomes |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
The host range of a virus is determined by viral and host surface proteins |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Viruses have diverse sizes and shapes |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Viruses are capable of self-assembly |
|
|
288 | (3) |
| Chapter 14 Mutation And Dna Repair |
|
291 | (18) |
|
14.1 The Rate and Nature of Mutations |
|
|
292 | (5) |
|
For individual nucleotides, mutation is a rare event |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Across the genome as a whole, mutation is common |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
Only germ-line mutations are transmitted to progeny |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
What can your personal genome tell you about your genetic risk factors? |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
Mutations are random with regard to an organism's needs |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? Do mutations occur randomly, or are they directed by the environment? |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
14.2 Small-Scale Mutations |
|
|
297 | (4) |
|
Point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Small insertions and deletions involve several nucleotides |
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
Some mutations are due to the insertion of a transposable element |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
How Do We Know? What causes sectoring in corn kernels? |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
14.3 Chromosomal Mutations |
|
|
301 | (2) |
|
Duplications and deletions result in gain or loss of DNA |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Gene families arise from gene duplication and evolutionary divergence |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
An inversion has a chromosomal region reversed in orientation |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
A reciprocal translocation joins segments from nonhomologous chromosomes |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
14.4 DNA Damage and Repair |
|
|
303 | (6) |
|
DNA damage can affect both DNA backbone and bases |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
Most DNA damage is corrected by specialized repair enzymes |
|
|
304 | (5) |
| Chapter 15 Genetic Variation |
|
309 | (16) |
|
15.1 Genotype and Phenotype |
|
|
310 | (4) |
|
Genotype is the genetic makeup of a cell or organism; phenotype is its observed characteristics |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
The effect of a genotype often depends on several factors |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
Some genetic differences are major risk factors for disease |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Not all genetic differences are harmful |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
A few genetic differences are beneficial |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
15.2 Genetic Variation and Individual Uniqueness |
|
|
314 | (2) |
|
Areas of the genome with variable numbers of tandem repeats are useful in DNA typing |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Some polymorphisms add or remove restriction sites in the DNA |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
15.3 Genomewide Studies of Genetic Variation |
|
|
316 | (2) |
|
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are single-base changes in the genome |
|
|
316 | (2) |
|
How can genetic risk factors be detected? |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Copy-number variation constitutes a significant proportion of genetic variation |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
15.4 Genetic Variation in Chromosomes |
|
|
318 | (7) |
|
Nondisjunction in meiosis results in extra or missing chromosomes |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Some human disorders result from nondisjunction |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
How Do We Know? What is the genetic basis of Down syndrome? |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
Extra or missing sex chromosomes have fewer effects than extra autosomes |
|
|
320 | (2) |
|
Nondisjunction is a major cause of spontaneous abortion |
|
|
322 | (3) |
| Chapter 16 Mendelian Inheritance |
|
325 | (20) |
|
16.1 Early Theories of Inheritance |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Early theories of heredity predicted the transmission of acquired characteristics |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Belief in blending inheritance discouraged studies of hereditary transmission |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
16.2 The Foundations of Modern Transmission Genetics |
|
|
327 | (3) |
|
Mendel's experimental organism was the garden pea |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
In crosses, one of the traits was dominant in the offspring |
|
|
328 | (2) |
|
16.3 Segregation: Mendel's Key Discovery |
|
|
330 | (5) |
|
Genes come in pairs that segregate in the formation of reproductive cells |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
The principle of segregation was tested by predicting the outcome of crosses |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
A testcross is a mating to an individual with the homozygous recessive genotype |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Segregation of alleles reflects the separation of chromosomes in meiosis |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Dominance is not universally observed |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
The principles of transmission genetics are statistical and stated in terms of probabilities |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
Mendelian segregation preserves genetic variation |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
16.4 Independent Assortment |
|
|
335 | (4) |
|
Independent assortment is observed when genes segregate independently of one another |
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? How are single-gene traits inherited? |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Independent assortment reflects the random alignment of chromosomes in meiosis |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
Phenotypic ratios can be modified by interactions between genes |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
16.5 Patterns of Inheritance Observed in Family Histories |
|
|
339 | (6) |
|
Dominant traits appear in every generation |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
Recessive traits skip generations |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Many genes have multiple alleles |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Incomplete penetrance and variable expression can obscure inheritance patterns |
|
|
341 | (5) |
|
How do genetic tests identify disease risk factors? |
|
|
342 | (3) |
| Chapter 17 Inheritance Of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, And Organelles |
|
345 | (18) |
|
17.1 The X and Y Sex Chromosomes |
|
|
346 | (2) |
|
In many animals, sex is genetically determined and associated with chromosomal differences |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Segregation of the sex chromosomes predicts a 1:1 ratio of females to males |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
17.2 Inheritance of Genes in the X Chromosome |
|
|
348 | (5) |
|
X-linked inheritance was discovered through studies of male fruit flies with white eyes |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Genes in the X chromosome exhibit a "crisscross" inheritance pattern |
|
|
348 | (2) |
|
X-linkage provided the first experimental evidence that genes are in chromosomes |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Genes in the X chromosome show characteristic patterns in human pedigrees |
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
17.3 Genetic Linkage and Recombination |
|
|
353 | (4) |
|
Nearby genes in the same chromosome show linkage |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
The frequency of recombination s a measure of the distance between linked genes |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
Genetic mapping assigns a location to each gene along a chromosome |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
How Do We Know? Can recombination be used to construct a genetic map of a chromosome? |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Genetic risk factors for disease can be localized by genetic mapping |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
17.4 Inheritance of Genes in the Y Chromosome |
|
|
357 | (2) |
|
Y-linked genes are transmitted from father to son to grandson |
|
|
357 | (2) |
|
How can the Y chromosome be used to trace ancestry? |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
17.5 Inheritance of Mitochondria! and Chloroplast DNA |
|
|
359 | (4) |
|
Mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes often show uniparental inheritance |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Maternal inheritance is characteristic of mitochondrial diseases |
|
|
360 | (4) |
|
How can mitochondrial DNA be used to trace ancestry? |
|
|
360 | (3) |
| Chapter 18 The Genetic And Environmental Basis Of Complex Traits |
|
363 | (14) |
|
18.1 Heredity and Environment |
|
|
364 | (4) |
|
Complex traits are affected by the environment |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Complex traits are affected by multiple genes |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
The relative importance of genes and environment can be determined by differences among individuals |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Genetic and environmental effects can interact in unpredictable ways |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
18.2 Resemblance Among Relatives |
|
|
368 | (3) |
|
For complex traits, offspring resemble parents but show regression toward the mean |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Heritability is the proportion of the total variation due to genetic differences among individuals |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
Twin studies help separate the effects of genes and environment in differences among individuals |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? What is the relative importance of genes and of the environment for common traits? |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
18.4 Complex Traits in Health and Disease |
|
|
373 | (4) |
|
Most common diseases and birth defects are affected by many genes that each have relatively small effects |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Human height is affected by hundreds of genes |
|
|
374 | (4) |
|
Can personalized medicine lead to effective treatments of common diseases? |
|
|
375 | (2) |
| Chapter 19 Genetic And Epigenetic Regulation |
|
377 | (22) |
|
19.1 Chromatin to Messenger RNA in Eukaryotes |
|
|
378 | (6) |
|
Gene expression can be influenced by chemical modification of DNA or histones |
|
|
378 | (2) |
|
Gene expression can be regulated at the level of an entire chromosome |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
Transcription is a key control point in gene expression |
|
|
382 | (3) |
|
RNA processing is also important in gene regulation |
|
|
385 | |
|
19.2 Messenger RNA to Phenotype in Eukaryotes |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
Small regulatory RNAs inhibit translation or promote mRNA degradation |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Translational regulation controls the rate, timing, and location of protein synthesis |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Protein structure and chemical modification modulate protein effects on phenotype |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
How do lifestyle choices affect expression of your personal genome? |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
19.3 Transcriptional Regulation in Prokaryotes |
|
|
386 | (13) |
|
Transcriptional regulation can be positive or negative |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Lactose utilization in E. coli is the pioneering example of transcriptional regulation |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
How Do We Know? How does lactose lead to the production of active Beta-galactosidase enzyme? |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
The repressor protein binds with the operator and prevents transcription, but not in the presence of lactose |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
The function of the lactose operon was revealed by genetic studies |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
The lactose operon is also positively regulated by CRP-cAMP |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Transcriptional regulation determines the outcome of infection by a bacterial virus |
|
|
391 | (9) |
|
Visual Synthesis: Virus: A Genome in Need of a Cell |
|
|
394 | (5) |
| Chapter 20 Genes And Development |
|
399 | (26) |
|
20.1 Genetic Programs of Development |
|
|
400 | (4) |
|
The fertilized egg is a totipotent cell |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Cellular differentiation increasingly restricts alternative fates |
|
|
401 | (3) |
|
How Do We Know? How do stem cells lose their ability to differentiate into any cell type? |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Can cells with your personal genome be reprogrammed for new therapies? |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
20.2 Hierarchical Control of Development |
|
|
404 | (6) |
|
Drosophila development proceeds through egg, larval, and adult stages |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
The egg is a highly polarized cell |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Development proceeds by progressive regionalization and specification |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
Homeotic genes determine where different body parts develop in the organism |
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
20.3 Evolutionary Conservation of Key Transcription Factors in Development |
|
|
410 | (2) |
|
Animals have evolved a wide variety of eyes |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Pax6 is a master regulator of eye development |
|
|
410 | (2) |
|
20.4 Combinatorial Control in Development |
|
|
412 | (3) |
|
Floral differentiation is a model for plant development |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
The identity of the floral organs is determined by combinatorial control |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
20.5 Cell Signaling in Development |
|
|
415 | (10) |
|
A signaling molecule can cause multiple responses in the cell |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Developmental signals are amplified and expanded |
|
|
416 | (10) |
|
Visual Synthesis: Genetic Variation and Inheritance |
|
|
418 | (4) |
|
Case 4: Malaria: Coevolution of Humans and a Parasite |
|
|
422 | (3) |
| Chapter 21 Evolution How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change over Time |
|
425 | (20) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Population genetics is the study of patterns of genetic variation |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Mutation and recombination are the two sources of genetic variation |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
21.2 Measuring Genetic Variation |
|
|
427 | (3) |
|
To understand patterns of genetic variation, we require information about allele frequencies |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Early population geneticists relied on observable traits and gel electrophoresis to measure variation |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
DNA sequencing is the gold standard for measuring genetic variation |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? How is genetic variation measured? |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
21.3 Evolution and the HardyWeinberg Equilibrium |
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
Evolution is a change in allele or genotype frequency over time |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes situations in which allele and genotype frequencies do not change |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium relates allele frequencies and genotype frequencies |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is the starting point for population genetic analysis |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (6) |
|
Natural selection brings about adaptations |
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
The Modern Synthesis combines Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolution |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Natural selection increases the frequency of advantageous mutations and decreases the frequency of deleterious mutations |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
What genetic differences have made some individuals more and some less susceptible to malaria? |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Natural selection can be stabilizing, directional, or disruptive |
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? How far can artificial selection be taken? |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Sexual selection increases an individual's reproductive success |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
21.5 Migration, Mutation, Genetic Drift, and Non-Random Mating |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
Migration reduces genetic variation between populations |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Mutation increases genetic variation |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Genetic drift has a large effect in small populations |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Non-random mating alters genotype frequencies without affecting allele frequencies |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (5) |
|
The molecular clock relates the amount of sequence difference between species and the time since the species diverged |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
The rate of the molecular clock varies |
|
|
440 | (5) |
| Chapter 22 Species And Speciation |
|
445 | (18) |
|
22.1 The Biological Species Concept |
|
|
446 | (3) |
|
Species are reproductively isolated from other species |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
The BSC is more useful in theory than in practice |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
The BSC does not apply to asexual or extinct organisms |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Ring species and hybridization complicate the BSC |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Ecology and evolution can extend the BSC |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
22.2 Reproductive Isolation |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
Pre-zygotic isolating factors occur before egg fertilization |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Post-zygotic isolating factors occur after egg fertilization |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (9) |
|
Speciation is a by-product of the genetic divergence of separated populations |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Allopatric speciation is speciation that results from the geographical separation of populations |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Dispersal and vicariance can isolate populations from each other |
|
|
451 | (4) |
|
How Do We Know? Can vicariance cause speciation? |
|
|
452 | (3) |
|
Co-speciation is speciation that occurs in response to speciation in another species |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
How did malaria come to infect humans? |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Sympatric populationsthose not geographically separated may undergo speciation |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
Speciation can occur instantaneously |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
22.4 Speciation and Selection |
|
|
459 | (4) |
|
Speciation can occur with or without natural selection |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Natural selection can enhance reproductive isolation |
|
|
459 | (5) |
|
Visual Synthesis: Speciation |
|
|
460 | (3) |
| Chapter 23 Evolutionary Patterns Phylogeny and Fossils |
|
463 | (22) |
|
23.1 Reading a Phylogenetic Tree |
|
|
464 | (4) |
|
Phylogenetic trees provide hypotheses of evolutionary relationships |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
The search for sister groups lies at the heart of phylogenetics |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
A monophyletic group consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Taxonomic classifications are information storage and retrieval systems |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
23.2 Building a Phylogenetic Tree |
|
|
468 | (6) |
|
Homology is similarity by common descent |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Shared derived characters enable biologists to reconstruct evolutionary history |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
The simplest tree is often favored among multiple possible trees |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
Molecular data complement comparative morphology in reconstructing phylogenetic history |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Phylogenetic trees can help solve practical problems |
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? Did an HIV-positive dentist spread the AIDS virus to his patients? |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
|
474 | (8) |
|
Fossils provide unique information |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
Fossils provide a selective record of past life |
|
|
474 | (2) |
|
Geological data indicate the age and environmental setting of fossils |
|
|
476 | (3) |
|
Fossils can contain unique combinations of characters |
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
How Do We Know? Can fossils bridge the evolutionary gap between fish and tetrapod vertebrates? |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Rare mass extinctions have altered the course of evolution |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
23.4 Comparing Evolution's Two Great Patterns |
|
|
482 | (3) |
|
Phylogeny and fossils complement each other |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Agreement between phylogenies and the fossil record provides strong evidence of evolution |
|
|
482 | (3) |
| Chapter 24 Human Origins And Evolution |
|
485 | |
|
|
|
486 | (5) |
|
Comparative anatomy shows that the human lineage branches off the great apes tree |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Molecular analysis reveals that our lineage split from the chimpanzee lineage about 5-7 million years ago |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
How Do We Know? How closely related are humans and chimpanzees? |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
The fossil record gives us direct information about our evolutionary history |
|
|
488 | (3) |
|
|
|
491 | (4) |
|
Studies of mitochondrial DNA reveal that modern humans evolved in Africa relatively recently |
|
|
491 | (3) |
|
How Do We Know? When and where did the most recent common ancestor of all living humans live? |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
Studies of the Ychromosome provide independent evidence for a recent origin of modern humans |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Neanderthals disappear from the fossil record as modern humans appear, but have contributed to the modern human gene pool |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
24.3 Distinct Features of Our Species |
|
|
495 | (3) |
|
Bipedalism was a key innovation |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
Adult humans share many features with juvenile chimpanzees |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
Humans have large brains relative to body size |
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
The human and chimpanzee genomes help us identify genes that make us human |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
24.4 Human Genetic Variation |
|
|
498 | (4) |
|
The prehistory of our species has had an impact on the distribution of genetic variation |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
The recent spread of modern humans means that there are few genetic differences between groups |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Some human differences have likely arisen by natural selection |
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
What human genes are under selection for resistance to malaria? |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
24.5 Culture, Language, and Consciousness |
|
|
502 | |
|
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Is culture uniquely human? |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Is language uniquely human? |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Is consciousness uniquely human? |
|
|
503 | |
| Quick Check Answers |
|
Q-1 | |
| Glossary |
|
G-1 | |
| Index |
|
I-1 | |
| 9780190304447 |
|
| Preface |
|
iii | |
| About the authors |
|
iv | |
| Acknowledgements |
|
iv | |
| Abbreviations |
|
xxiii | |
| A |
|
1 | (90) |
|
ABB Australia Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
AGC (Advances) Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
AGC (Investments) Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
AVCO Financial Services Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Abbott v Philbin (Inspector of Taxes) |
|
|
|
Ahern v DFC of T AID/WATCH Incorporated v FC of T |
|
|
|
Air Caledonie International v Commonwealth |
|
|
|
Allman v FC of T All States Frozen Foods Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Allders International Pty Ltd v Commr of State Revenue (VIC) |
|
|
|
Allen Allen & Hemsley v DFC of T |
|
|
|
Alliance Holdings Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Allied Mills Industries Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Allied Pastoral Holdings Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alloyweld Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amalgamated Zinc (De Bavay's) Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Archer Brothers Pty Ltd (in vol liq) v FC of T |
|
|
|
Arthur Murray (NSW) Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ashgrove Pty Ltd v DFC of T |
|
|
|
Associated Portland Cement Manufacturers Ltd v Kerr |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Austin v Commonwealth of Australia |
|
|
|
Australasian Catholic Assurance Co Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Australasian Jam Co Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited v FC of T |
|
|
|
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Konza |
|
|
|
Australia and New Zealand Savings Bank Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Australian Gas Light Co; FC of T v Newcastle Gas Co Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Australian Guarantee Corporation Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Australian Machinery & Investment Co Ltd v DFC of T |
|
|
|
Australian Music Traders Association; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Australian National Hotels Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Australian Tape Manufacturers Association Ltd v The Commonwealth of Australia |
|
|
|
Avondale Motors (Parts) Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
| B |
|
91 | (72) |
|
BHP Billiton Petroleum (Bass Strait) Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
BP Australia Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ballarat Brewing Company Limited v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bellinz Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bert Needham Automotive Company Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Binetter v DFC of T (No 2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bluebottle UK Ltd v DFC of T |
|
|
|
Bohemians Club (The) v Acting FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boulder Perseverance Ltd v FC of T (WA) |
|
|
|
Brady King Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brebner; Inland Revenue Commissioners v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brewing Investments Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
British Insulated & Helsby Cables Ltd v Atherton |
|
|
|
Broken Hill Theatres Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| C |
|
163 | (140) |
|
CMI Services Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CTC Resources NL v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris (Surveyor of Taxes) |
|
|
|
Californian Oil Products Ltd (in liq) v FC of T |
|
|
|
Calvert (Inspector of Taxes) v Wainwright |
|
|
|
Cam & Sons Ltd; C of T (NSW) v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cape Flattery Silica Mines Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Carapark Holdings Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carborundum Realty Pty Ltd v RAIA Archicentre Pty Ltd |
|
|
|
Carpentaria Transport Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cecil Bros Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Century Yuasa Batteries Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Chamber of Manufactures Insurance Ltd (The) v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charles Moore & Co (WA) Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Church of the New Faith (The) v Commissioner of Pay-Roll Tax (VIC) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Citylink Melbourne Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Clarke & Kann; DFC of T v |
|
|
|
Cliffs International Inc v FC of T |
|
|
|
Coleambally Irrigation Mutual Co-operative Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Coles Myer Finance Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Commercial and General Acceptance Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Commercial Nominees of Australia Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Commercial Union Assurance Company of Australia Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Commonwealth Aluminium Corporation Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Consolidated Fertilizers Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Consolidated Press Holding Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Consolidated Press Holdings Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cooke and Sherden; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coombes (No 2); FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cooper Brookes (Wollongong) Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cronulla-Sutherland Leagues Club Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cyclone Scaffolding Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
| D |
|
303 | (43) |
|
D&W Murray Ltd; C of T (WA) v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
David Jones Finance and Investments Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
David Securities Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd v Howe |
|
|
|
De Luxe Red and Yellow Cabs Co-operative (Trading) Society Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deane v FC of T; Croker v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ducker (Inspector of Taxes) v Rees Roturbo Development Syndicate Ltd |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| E |
|
346 | (61) |
|
EA Marr and Sons (Sales) Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
ECC Southbank Pty Ltd as Trustee for Nest Southbank Unit Trust v FC of T |
|
|
|
East Finchley Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Eastern Nitrogen Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edwards (Inspector of Taxes) v Bairstow |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Egerton-Warburton v DFC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emu Bay Railway Co Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Energy Resources of Australia Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Equitable Life and General Insurance Co Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Esquire Nominees Ltd (as Trustee of Manolas Trust) v FC of T |
|
|
|
Essenbourne Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Esso Australia Resources Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Europa Oil (NZ) Ltd (No 1); Commissioner of Inland Revenue (NZ) v |
|
|
|
Europa Oil (NZ) Ltd (No 2) v Commissioner of Inland Revenue (NZ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Executor Trustee and Agency Co of South Australia Ltd (The) (Carden's Case); C of T (SA) v |
|
|
| F |
|
407 | (52) |
|
FJ Bloemen Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fairway Estates Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Coke Co Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Federal Wharf Co Ltd v DFC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Provincial Building Society Limited v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fortescue Metals Group Limited v The Commonwealth |
|
|
|
Foxwood (Tolga) Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furniss (Inspector of Taxes) v Dawson |
|
|
|
Futuris Corporation Ltd; FC of T v (2008) |
|
|
|
Futuris Corporation Ltd; FC of T v (2010; 2012) |
|
|
| G |
|
459 | (45) |
|
GE Crane Sales Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
GKN Kwikform Services Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
GP International Pipecoaters Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
GRE Insurance Ltd v FC of T; Unitraders Investments Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gartside v Inland Revenue Commissioners |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Giris Pty Ltd v FC of T Glenboig Union Fireclay Co Ltd (The) v Inland Revenue Commissioners |
|
|
|
Glenville Pastoral Co Pty Ltd (in liq) v FC of T |
|
|
|
Goodman Fielder Wattie Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Government of India, Ministry of Finance (Revenue Division) v Taylor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gregrhon Investments Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Gulland, FC of T v; Watson v FC of T; Pincus v FC of T |
|
|
| H |
|
504 | (60) |
|
HR Sinclair & Son Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
HA v State of New South Wales; Walter Hammond & Associates Pty Ltd v State of New South Wales |
|
|
|
Hadlee & Sydney Bridge Nominees Ltd v Commissioner of Inland Revenue (NZ) |
|
|
|
Hallstroms Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heavy Minerals Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Henry Jones (IXL) Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Herald and Weekly Times Ltd (The) v FC of T |
|
|
|
Higgs (Inspector of Taxes) v Olivier |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hillsdon Watts Ltd; C of T (NSW) v |
|
|
|
Hoare Trustees v Gardner (Inspector of Taxes); Hart (Inspector of Taxes) v Briscoe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hochstrasser (Inspector of Taxes) v Mayes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hunter Douglas Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Hyteco Hiring Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
| I |
|
564 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
Imperial Chemical Industries of Australia and New Zealand Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Indooroopilly Children Services (Qtd) Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Interchase Corporation Ltd v ACN 010 087 573 Pty Ltd |
|
|
|
International Nickel Australia Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Investment and Merchant Finance Corporation Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
| J |
|
573 | (28) |
|
J & G Knowles & Associates Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
J Rowe & Son Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
James Fenwick & Co Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
James Flood Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Jamieson v Commissioner for Internal Revenue |
|
|
|
Jamieson v Commissioner of Inland Revenue (New Zealand) |
|
|
|
Janmor Nominees Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Jarrold (Inspector of Taxes) v Boustead; McInnes (Inspector of Taxes) v Large; McInnes (Inspector of Taxes) v Simms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Fairfax and Sons Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
John Holland Group Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Just Jeans Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
| K |
|
601 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kidston Goldmines Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Re Kingston Thoroughbred Horse Stud and ATO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Koitaki Para Rubber Estates Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Kosciusko Thredbo Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Krakos Investments Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Kwikspan Purlin System Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
| L |
|
617 | (50) |
|
|
|
|
Lamesa Holdings BV; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Law Shipping Company Ltd (The) v Inland Revenue Commissioners |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lees & Leech Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Levene v Inland Revenue Commissioners |
|
|
|
Lewis Berger & Sons (Australia) Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liftronic Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Lighthouse Philatelics Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Lilyvale Hotel Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lindsay v Inland Revenue Commissioners |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lomax (Hm Inspector of Taxes) v Peter Dixon and Son Ltd |
|
|
|
London Australia Investment Co Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lunney v FC of T; Hayley v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lysaght; Inland Revenue Commissioners v |
|
|
| M |
|
667 | (102) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MacCormick v FC of T; Camad Investments Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
McDonald; FC of T v (allowable deductions) |
|
|
|
McDonald v FC of T (legally binding and enforceable contract) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Macquarie Finance Limited v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Magna Alloys & Research Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Malayan Shipping Company Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marana Holdings Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Marshall and Brougham Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Martin v FC of T (gambling wins) |
|
|
|
Martin v FC of T (childminding expenses) |
|
|
|
Matthews v The Chicory Marketing Board (VIC) |
|
|
|
Mazuran, Re; Ex parte DFC of T |
|
|
|
Memorex Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Mercantile Mutual Insurance (Workers Compensation) Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mery Brown Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Metal Manufacturers Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Midland Railway Company of Western Australia Ltd; The FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mitsubishi Motors New Zealand Ltd; Commr of IR (NZ) v |
|
|
|
Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Moneymen Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moore v Griffiths (Inspector of Taxes) |
|
|
|
Moorebank Pty Ltd; DFC of T v |
|
|
|
Moorhouse (Inspector of Taxes) v Dooland |
|
|
|
Moriarty (Inspector of Taxes) v Evans Medical Supplies Ltd |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mount Isa Mines Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mutual Acceptance Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Mutual Pools and Staff Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Myer Emporium Ltd (The); FC of T v |
|
|
| N |
|
769 | (28) |
|
NV Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken; Commissioner of Inland Revenue (NZ) v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
National Australia Bank Ltd v FC of T (fringe benefits) |
|
|
|
National Australia Bank Ltd v FC of T (defence force housing loans) |
|
|
|
National Bank of Australasia Ltd (The) v FC of T |
|
|
|
Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines Ltd; C of T v |
|
|
|
Neale v Atlas Products (Vic) Pty Ltd |
|
|
|
New Zealand Flax Investments Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Newsom v Robertson (Inspector of Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nilsen Development Laboratories Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
North Australian Pastoral Company Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Northern Suburbs General Cemetery Reserve Trust v The Commonwealth of Australia |
|
|
|
Northumberland Development Co Pty Ltd; FC of .T v |
|
|
| O |
|
797 | (11) |
|
O'Brien (Inspector of Taxes) v Benson's Hosiery (Holdings) Ltd |
|
|
|
Odeon Associated Theatres Ltd v Jones (Inspector of Taxes) |
|
|
|
Ogilvy & Mather Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
O'Reilly v Commissioners of The State Bank of Victoria |
|
|
|
Orica Ltd (Formerly ICI Australia Ltd); FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
| P |
|
808 | (54) |
|
P & N Beverages Australia Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
PBL Marketing Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parke Davis & Co v FC of T |
|
|
|
Parton v Milk Board (Vic) |
|
|
|
Partridge v Mallandaine (Surveyor of Taxes) |
|
|
|
Pastoral & Development Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Patcorp Investments Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Philip Morris Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Placer Pacific Management Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poole v FC of T; Dight v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pratt Holdings Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pritchard (Inspector of Taxes) v Arundale |
|
|
|
Provan v HCL Real Estate ltd |
|
|
|
Punjab Co-Operative Bank Ltd, Amritsar v Income Tax Commissioner, Lahore |
|
|
|
|
|
| Q |
|
862 | (5) |
|
Qantas Airways Ltd; FC of T v (employee car parking) |
|
|
|
Qantas Airways Ltd; FC of T v (GST on refunds) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Queensland Meat Export Co Ltd v DFC of T |
|
|
| R |
|
867 | (71) |
|
RAC Insurance Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
RACV Insurance Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Radilo Enterprises Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Radnor Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Raftland Pty Ltd as Trustee of The Raftland Trust v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raymor Contractors Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Raymor (NSW) Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Reckitt & Colman Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Reliance Carpet Co Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reynolds v Commissioner of State Taxation (WA) |
|
|
|
Rhodesia Metals Ltd (In Liq) v Taxes Commissioner |
|
|
|
Rhodesia Railways Ltd v Collector of Income Tax, Bechuanaland Protectorate |
|
|
|
Richard Walter Pty Ltd; DFC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Riches v Westminster Bank Ltd |
|
|
|
Risby Forest Industries Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Riverside Road Lodge Pty Ltd (IN LIQ; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW v FC of T |
|
|
|
Robert v Collier's Bulk Liquid Transport Pty Ltd |
|
|
|
Robert Coldstream Partnership v FC of T |
|
|
|
Roberts, FC of T v; FC of T v Smith |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rolls-Royce Ltd v Jeffrey (Inspector of Taxes) |
|
|
|
Ronpibon Tin NL v FC of T; Tongkah Compound NL v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rotherwood Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roy Morgan Research Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Royal Automobile Club of Victoria v FC of T |
|
|
|
Ruhamah Property Co Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
| S |
|
938 | (155) |
|
S Hoffnung & Company Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
SP Investments Pty Ltd (as Trustee of The Lm Brennan Trust) v FC of T; Perron Investments Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Saga Holidays Limited v FC of T |
|
|
|
St George Bank Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
St Hubert's Island Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
St Marys Rugby League Club Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Sara Lee Household & Body Care (Aust) Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scottish Australian Mining Company Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Scottish & Newcastle Breweries Ltd; Inland Revenue Commissioners v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shaw v Director of Housing (No 2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Slater Holdings Ltd (No 2); FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Smith v FC of T (disability insurance) |
|
|
|
Smith v FC of T (study payments) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Snowden & Willson Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Softwood Pulp and Paper Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Somers Bay Investment Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
South Australia v The Commonwealth |
|
|
|
State of South Australia (The) v The Commonwealth of Australia |
|
|
|
South Australian Battery Makers Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
South Steyne Hotel Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Southern v Borax Consolidated Limited |
|
|
|
Southern Farmers Group Ltd v DFC of T |
|
|
|
Spedley Securities Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Spotless Services Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Spriggs v FC of T; Riddell v FC of T |
|
|
|
Squatting Investment Company Limited; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Star City Pty Limited; FC of T v |
|
|
|
State Bank of New South Wales; DFC of T v |
|
|
|
State Chamber of Commerce and Industry v Commonwealth of Australia |
|
|
|
State of Queensland v Commonwealth of Australia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steinberg, M v FC of T; Trustee of Judith Steinberg No 2 Trust v FC of T; MD Steinberg v FC of T |
|
|
|
Stephenson (Inspector of Taxes) v Barclay's Bank Trust Co Ltd |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sterling Guardian Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Studebaker Corporation of Australasia Ltd (as agent for the Studebaker Corporation of America) v C of T (NSW) |
|
|
|
Sun Newspapers Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Sunchen Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Sunraysia Broadcasters Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Suttons Motors (Chullora) Wholesale Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sydney Refractive Surgery Centre Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Sydney Water Board Employees' Credit Union Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
| T |
|
1093 | (47) |
|
TNT Skypak International (Aust) Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Task Technology Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tennant v Smith (Surveyor of Taxes) |
|
|
|
Terranora Lakes Country Club Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Terrule Pty Ltd v DFC of T; Manners v DFC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thorpe Nominees Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Tikva Investments Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tooheys Ltd v C of T (NSW); Sydney Ferries Ltd v C of T (NSW) |
|
|
|
Total Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Totledge Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Toyama Pty Ltd v Landmark Building Developments Pty Ltd |
|
|
|
Trail Bros Steel & Plastics Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Travelodge Papua New Guinea Ltd v Chief Collector of Taxes |
|
|
|
Trent Investments Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| U |
|
1140 | (14) |
|
Unilever Australia Securities Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Union Fidelity Trustee Co of Australia Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Unit Construction Co Ltd v Bullock (Inspector of Taxes) |
|
|
|
United Aircraft Corporation; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Unit Trend Services Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| V |
|
1154 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
Vallambrosa Rubber Co Ltd v Farmer (Surveyor of Taxes) |
|
|
|
Van Den Berghs Ltd v Clark (Inspector of Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vestey v Inland Revenue Commissioners |
|
|
|
Victorian Women Lawyers' Association Inc v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virgin Blue Airlines Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Visy Industries USA Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
| W |
|
1176 | (76) |
|
W Angliss & Co Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
W Nevill & Co Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
W Thomas & Co Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
WD & HO Wills (Australia) Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
WE Fuller Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
WP Keighery Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
WR Carpenter Holdings Pty Ltd v FC of T; WR Carpenter Australia Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
WR Moran Pty Ltd v DFC of T (NSW) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Walsh Bay Developments Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Walstern Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Wangaratta Woollen Mills Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Ward; Commissioner of Inland Revenue (New Zealand) v |
|
|
|
Warner Music Australia Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Western Suburbs Cinemas Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Westley Nominees Pty Ltd v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd |
|
|
|
Westminster (Duke of); Inland Revenue Commissioners v |
|
|
|
Westpac Banking Corporation v FC of T |
|
|
|
Westraders Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Wharf Properties Ltd v Commr of Inland Revenue (Hong Kong) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Woolcombers (WA) Pty Ltd; FC of T v |
|
|
|
Word Investments Limited; FC of T v |
|
|
|
World Book (Australia) Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
| X |
|
1252 | (2) |
|
|
|
| Y |
|
1254 | (3) |
|
|
|
| Z |
|
1257 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
Zeta Force Pty Ltd v FC of T |
|
|
|
Zim Properties Ltd v Procter (Inspector of Taxes) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Case Table |
|
1264 | (20) |
| Index |
|
1284 | |
