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Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Biodegradable Polymers and Composites Process Engineering to Commercialization [Mīkstie vāki]

Edited by (Principal Scientist, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, India), Edited by (Executive Dire), Edited by (Associate Professor, Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 628 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm, weight: 1200 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Jun-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128218886
  • ISBN-13: 9780128218884
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Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Biodegradable Polymers and Composites Process Engineering to CommercializationPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 628 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm, weight: 1200 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Jun-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128218886
  • ISBN-13: 9780128218884
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780128218884.html
Keywords:

Biodegradable Polymers and Composites - Process Engineering to Commercialization is designed in such a way that it not only gives basic knowledge but also contains information regarding conventional and advanced technologies, socio-economic aspects, techno-economic feasibility, modelling tools and detailed Life Cycle Analysis in biopolymer production. The book discusses the advantages and importance of biopolymers over the conventionally produced plastics. Biodegradable Polymers and Composites highlights: the conventional and advanced strategies for biopolymer production; information regarding process engineering and commercialization of biopolymers; models and available modelling techniques in the sector of biopolymer production; and global case studies, opportunities and challenges (technical constraints, institutional constraints and social constraints) associated with biopolymer production.

  • Outlines appropriate technologies for biopolymer production
  • Evaluates Best Available Technologies (BAT) and provides examples from many geographic areas
  • Offers tools enabling evaluation of appropriate technological systems to develop technically best and economical feasible polymers
  • Reports new research findings related to biopolymer production
List of contributors
xvii
Preface xxi
Part I General
1(56)
Chapter 1 Introduction to biodegradable polymers and composites: process engineering to commercialization
3(8)
Parameswaran Binod
Raveendran Sindhu
Ashok Pandey
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Plant-based biopolymers
4(2)
1.3 Microbial and insect biopolymers
6(1)
1.4 Biopolymer composites
7(1)
1.5 Process engineering and commercialization
8(1)
1.6 Conclusions and perspectives
9(2)
References
9(2)
Chapter 2 Myoplasties in aquatic and terrestrial environment
11(20)
Shikhangi Singh
Taru Negi
Ayon Tarafdar
Ranjna Sirohi
Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
Mohd. Ishfaq Bhat
Raveendran Sindhu
2.1 Introduction
11(2)
2.2 Microplastic in aquatic environment
13(4)
2.2.1 River and lakes
14(1)
2.2.2 Marine
15(2)
2.3 Microplastics in soil
17(1)
2.4 Microplastic interaction with biotas
18(2)
2.5 Microplastic in waste
20(4)
2.5.1 Microplastic in solid waste
20(3)
2.5.2 Microplastic in industrial waste
23(1)
2.6 Conclusions and perspectives
24(7)
Acknowledgment
25(1)
References
25(6)
Chapter 3 Thermoplastic starch
31(26)
Ranjna Sirohi
Shikhangi Singh
Ayon Tarafdar
Nalla Bhanu Prakash Reddy
Taru Negi
Vivek Kumar Gaur
Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
Raveendran Sindhu
Aravind Madhavan
K.B. Arun
3.1 Introduction
31(3)
3.2 Characterization of thermoplastic starch
34(2)
3.3 Properties of the thermoplastic starch
36(3)
3.3.1 Mechanical properties
36(1)
3.3.2 Thermal properties
37(1)
3.3.3 Rheological and viscoelastic properties
37(1)
3.3.4 Crystal property
38(1)
3.4 Biodegradability of the thermoplastic starch
39(2)
3.5 Methods of preparing the thermoplastic starch
41(4)
3.5.1 Film blowing
42(1)
3.5.2 Injection blow molding
42(2)
3.5.3 Injection stretch blow molding
44(1)
3.5.4 Thermoforming
45(1)
3.6 Applications of the thermoplastic starch
45(1)
3.7 Conclusions and perspectives
46(11)
Acknowledgment
47(1)
References
47(10)
Part II Plant - based biopolymers
57(106)
Chapter 4 Cellulose
53(22)
Niveditha Kulangara
Swapna Thacheril Sukumaran
4.1 Introduction
53(1)
4.2 Biopolymers
53(14)
4.2.1 Biodegradable polymers and polymer composites
54(1)
4.2.2 Sources of cellulose
54(1)
4.2.3 Plant-based cellulose
55(5)
4.2.4 Applications of cellulose
60(6)
4.2.5 Process engineering and product development
66(1)
4.2.6 Limitations of biopolymers and overcoming strategies
66(1)
4.2.7 Current status and challenges in the production of cellulose-based biopolymers
67(1)
4.3 Conclusions and perspectives
67(8)
Conflict of interest
68(1)
References
68(7)
Chapter 5 Starch
75(26)
Susan Grace Karp
Maria Giovana Binder Pagnoncelli
Fernanda Prado
Rafaela de Oliveira Penha
Antonio Irineudo Magalhdes Junior
Gabriel Sprotte Kumlehn
Carlos Ricardo Soccol
5.1 Introduction
75(1)
5.2 Structure and properties
76(3)
5.3 Starch-processing techniques
79(4)
5.4 Improving mechanical and physicochemical properties
83(3)
5.5 Starch-based materials
86(3)
5.5.1 Starch-based polymer blending
86(1)
5.5.2 Starch-based foaming
87(2)
5.5.3 Starch-based nanocomposites
89(1)
5.6 Applications of starch-based materials
89(4)
5.7 Conclusions and perspectives
93(8)
References
94(7)
Chapter 6 Pectin
101(28)
Poonam Sharma
Krishna Gautam
Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
Vivek Kumar Gaur
Alvina Farooqui
Kaiser Younis
6.1 Introduction
101(1)
6.2 Structure and classification of pectin
102(3)
6.2.1 Homogalacturonan
103(1)
6.2.2 Rhamnogalacturonan I
104(1)
6.2.3 Rhamnogalacturonan II
105(1)
6.2.4 Xylogalacturonan
105(1)
6.3 Functional properties of pectin
105(3)
6.4 Sources of pectin
108(2)
6.5 Recent advances in the extraction of pectin
110(5)
6.5.1 Microwave-assisted extraction of pectin
112(1)
6.5.2 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pectin
113(2)
6.6 Application of pectin
115(5)
6.6.1 Food-processing industries
115(3)
6.6.2 Pharmaceutical industry
118(1)
6.6.3 Cosmetics
119(1)
6.7 Current challenges and future implications
120(1)
6.8 Conclusions and perspectives
121(8)
Acknowledgments
121(1)
References
121(8)
Chapter 7 Xylan
129(34)
Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe
Kim Kley Valladares-Diestra
Gustavo Amaro Bittencourt
Ariane Fatima Murawski de Mello
Carlos Ricardo Soccol
7.1 Introduction
129(1)
7.2 Methods for xylan extraction
130(10)
7.2.1 Sources and types of xylans
130(2)
7.2.2 Physicochemical characteristics
132(1)
7.2.3 Motivation for xylan extraction from different sources
132(1)
7.2.4 Pretreatment methods for xylan extraction
133(7)
7.3 Bioproducts obtained from xylan
140(11)
7.3.1 Xylitol
142(4)
7.3.2 Bioethanol
146(1)
7.3.3 Hydrogels
147(1)
7.3.4 Packaging
148(1)
7.3.5 Xylooligosaccharides
149(1)
7.3.6 Enzymes
150(1)
7.4 Advances and innovation
151(2)
7.5 Environmental aspects
153(1)
7.6 Conclusions and perspectives
153(10)
References
154(9)
Part III Microbial-based biopolymers
163(228)
Chapter 8 Production and applications of pullulan
165(58)
Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
Ranjna Sirohi
Vivek Kumar Gaur
Ashok Pandey
8.1 Introduction
165(1)
8.2 Biosynthesis of pullulan
166(22)
8.2.1 Mechanism of pullulan biosynthesis
167(1)
8.2.2 Physicochemical properties
168(1)
8.2.3 Factor affecting the production of pullulan
169(19)
8.3 Microbial consortia for the production of pullulan
188(1)
8.3.1 Aureobasidium pullulans
188(1)
8.3.2 Cell morphologies of Aureobasidium pullulans
189(1)
8.4 Production of pullulan by fermentation of agroindustrial by-products
189(3)
8.5 Bioreactors and mode of operation for the production of pullulan
192(4)
8.5.1 Batch fermentation
192(1)
8.5.2 Fed-batch and continuous fermentation
193(1)
8.5.3 Immobilized cell bioreactors
194(1)
8.5.4 Airlift and other fermenters for the production of pullulan
195(1)
8.6 Chemical modification of pullulan and advancement in processing
196(4)
8.6.1 Carboxymethylation
196(2)
8.6.2 Cross-linking
198(1)
8.6.3 Hydrophobic modification
199(1)
8.6.4 Grafting
199(1)
8.7 Downstream processing
200(3)
8.8 Applications of pullulan
203(3)
8.8.1 Healthcare
203(1)
8.8.2 Food industry
204(1)
8.8.3 Waste remediation
205(1)
8.8.4 Miscellaneous applications
205(1)
8.9 Conclusions and perspectives
206(17)
References
206(14)
Further Reading
220(3)
Chapter 9 Production and application of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates
223(30)
Vivek Kumar Gaur
Poonam Sharma
Janmejai Kumar Srivastava
Ranjna Sirohi
Natesan Manickam
9.1 Introduction
223(1)
9.2 Classification of polyhydroxyalkanoates
224(7)
9.2.1 Short chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates
227(1)
9.2.2 Medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates
227(1)
9.2.3 Chemical modifications of polyhydroxyalkanoates
228(3)
9.3 Structure and properties
231(4)
9.3.1 Chemical structure
231(1)
9.3.2 Properties
231(4)
9.4 Industrial-scale production of polyhydroxyalkanoates
235(4)
9.4.1 Batch fermentation
235(1)
9.4.2 Fed-batch fermentation
236(1)
9.4.3 Continuous fermentation
237(2)
9.5 Application of polyhydroxyalkanoates
239(4)
9.5.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates in medical implants and medicines
239(2)
9.5.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates in drug delivery
241(1)
9.5.3 Polyhydroxyalkanoates in tissue engineering
242(1)
9.6 Conclusions and perspectives
243(10)
Acknowledgment
244(1)
References
244(9)
Chapter 10 Production and applications of polyglutamic acid
253(30)
Kritika Pandey
Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
Ranjna Sirohi
Srinath Pandey
Aditya Srivastava
Ashok Pandey
10.1 Introduction
253(1)
10.2 Microbial biosynthesis pathway
254(1)
10.3 Process parameters for production
255(11)
10.3.1 Substrate
255(2)
10.3.2 Microbial consortia
257(5)
10.3.3 Bioreactors mode of operation for production
262(2)
10.3.4 Isolation, analysis, and determination of PGA
264(2)
10.3.5 Structure of γ-polyglutamic acid
266(1)
10.4 Characterization of polyglutamic acid
266(1)
10.5 Commercial production
267(4)
10.5.1 Production cost
269(2)
10.6 Applications
271(3)
10.6.1 Healthcare
271(1)
10.6.2 Personal-care products
272(1)
10.6.3 Food industry
272(1)
10.6.4 Bioremediation
272(1)
10.6.5 Other applications
273(1)
10.7 Conclusions and perspectives
274(9)
References
274(9)
Chapter 11 Production and applications of polyphosphate
283(26)
Raj Morya
Bhawna Tyagi
Aditi Sharma
Indu Shekhar Thakur
11.1 Introduction
283(1)
11.2 Structure and types of polyphosphate
284(2)
11.2.1 Pyrophosphate
284(2)
11.2.2 High molecular weight polyphosphate
286(1)
11.2.3 Cyclophosphates
286(1)
11.3 Acidocalcisomes
286(1)
11.4 Biogenic production of polyphosphate
287(7)
11.4.1 Prokaryotes
288(3)
11.4.2 Eukaryotes
291(3)
11.5 Applications of polyphosphates
294(6)
11.5.1 Applications in environmental bioremediation
295(1)
11.5.2 Applications in industry
296(1)
11.5.3 Biotechnological applications
297(1)
11.5.4 Application in medical field
298(2)
11.6 Challenges associated with polyphosphate production strategies
300(1)
11.7 Strategies to improve the yield of polyphosphate
301(1)
11.8 Conclusions and perspectives
302(7)
Conflict of interest
303(1)
References
303(6)
Chapter 12 Production and applications of polylactic acid
309(50)
Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
Ranjna Sirohi
Sudha Upadhyay
Mitali Mishra
Virendra Kumar
Lalit Kumar Singh
Ashok Pandey
12.1 Introduction
309(1)
12.2 Substrate
310(1)
12.3 Microbial production
311(7)
12.3.1 Use of bacterial strains
316(1)
12.3.2 Use of fungi and yeast
317(1)
12.3.3 Use of cyanobacteria
318(1)
12.4 Strain improvement
318(1)
12.5 Commercial strains
319(1)
12.6 Fermentation modes and bioreactors
320(4)
12.6.1 Batch fermentation
320(2)
12.6.2 Fed-batch fermentation
322(1)
12.6.3 Continuous fermentation
323(1)
12.7 Type of reactors used for production
324(3)
12.7.1 Continuous stirred tank reactor
324(1)
12.7.2 Packed-bed reactor
325(1)
12.7.3 Fluidized-bed reactor
325(1)
12.7.4 Airlift bioreactors
326(1)
12.7.5 Fibrous-bed reactors
327(1)
12.8 Isolation, analysis, and determination technique and process
327(5)
12.8.1 Diffusion dialysis
328(1)
12.8.2 Membrane filtration
329(1)
12.8.3 Electrodialysis
330(1)
12.8.4 Reactive extraction
331(1)
12.8.5 Adsorption
331(1)
12.9 Synthesis and structure of polymers
332(4)
12.9.1 Polylactic acid synthesis
332(1)
12.9.2 Structure of polymer
333(1)
12.9.3 Process flow diagram for production
334(1)
12.9.4 Properties of PLA polymers
335(1)
12.10 Commercialization and application
336(7)
12.10.1 Textiles
336(1)
12.10.2 Biomedical and pharmaceutical applications
337(1)
12.10.3 Tissue engineering
338(1)
12.10.4 Drug-delivery system
339(1)
12.10.5 Packaging and service wares
339(2)
12.10.6 Plasticulture/agriculture
341(1)
12.10.7 Environmental remediation
342(1)
12.10.8 Other applications
343(1)
12.11 Conclusions and perspectives
343(16)
References
344(15)
Chapter 13 Production and applications of bacterial cellulose
359(32)
Fazli Wahid
Cheng Zhong
13.1 Introduction
359(1)
13.2 A brief history of bacterial cellulose
360(1)
13.3 Bacterial cellulose production
361(4)
13.3.1 Selection of bacterial strain
361(1)
13.3.2 Culture medium
362(1)
13.3.3 Cultivation methods
363(2)
13.4 Structural and functional features of bacterial cellulose
365(4)
13.4.1 Mechanical properties
365(1)
13.4.2 Water holding/release capacity
366(1)
13.4.3 Structure, pore size, and morphology
366(1)
13.4.4 Biodegradability
367(1)
13.4.5 Biocompatibility
368(1)
13.5 Applications of bacterial cellulose
369(12)
13.5.1 Biomedical applications
369(7)
13.5.2 Applications of bacterial cellulose in food
376(2)
13.5.3 Applications in cosmetics
378(1)
13.5.4 Electronics
379(1)
13.5.5 Water purification
379(1)
13.5.6 Other applications
380(1)
13.6 Commercialization of BC-based products
381(1)
13.7 Conclusions and perspectives
382(9)
Acknowledgments
382(1)
References
382(9)
Part IV Biopolymer composites
391(184)
Chapter 14 Biodegradable polymer composites
393(80)
R. Reshmy
Eapen Philip
P.H. Vaisakh
Raveendran Sindhu
Parameswaran Binod
Aravind Madhavan
Ashok Pandey
Ranjna Sirohi
Ayon Tarafdar
14.1 Introduction
393(3)
14.1.1 Polymer composites
394(1)
14.1.2 Advantages of biodegradable polymer composites
394(1)
14.1.3 General commercialization processes
395(1)
14.2 Types of biodegradable polymer composites
396(12)
14.2.1 Natural fiber composites
396(5)
14.2.2 Double-layer polymer composites
401(3)
14.2.3 Carbon nanotube-reinforced composites
404(2)
14.2.4 Petrochemical-based biocomposites
406(2)
14.3 Potentials and applications
408(2)
14.4 Conclusions and perspectives
410(1)
Acknowledgments
411(1)
References
411(2)
Chapter 15 Thermal/rheological behavior and functional properties of biopolymers and biopolymer composites
413(1)
Prachi Gaur
Vivek Kumar Gaur
Poonam Sharma
Ashok Pandey
15.1 Introduction
413(3)
15.2 Biocomposites derived from polylactic acid
416(2)
15.3 B iocomposites derived frorfT poly hydroxy alkanoate
418(2)
15.4 Thermal and rheological properties
420(1)
15.4.1 Polylactides and its biocomposites
420(5)
15.4.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoate and its biocomposites
425(2)
15.5 Functional properties of biopolymers and biocomposites
427(5)
15.5.1 Tensile strength of biopolymer
427(2)
15.5.2 Crystallinity of biocomposites
429(1)
15.5.3 Biopolymer film formation
430(2)
15.6 Conclusions and perspectives
432(7)
Acknowledgment
432(1)
References
432(7)
Chapter 16 Synthesis and applications of chitosan and its composites
439(22)
Thana Saffar
Narisetty Vivek
Sara Magdouli
Joseph Amruthraj Nagoth
Maria Sindhura John
Raveendran Sindhu
Parameswaran Binod
Ashok Pandey
16.1 Introduction
439(1)
16.2 Biofunctionality of chitosan
440(4)
16.2.1 Extraction and chemical modification of chitosan for bio-based materials
442(2)
16.3 Synthesis of composite blends of chitosan
444(3)
16.4 Applications
447(6)
16.4.1 Food and packaging
448(2)
16.4.2 Wastewater treatment
450(1)
16.4.3 Bioremediation
451(1)
16.4.4 Drug delivery
451(1)
16.4.5 Medical
452(1)
16.5 Conclusions and perspectives
453(8)
Acknowledgment
453(1)
References
454(7)
Chapter 17 Nanocellulose-reinforced biocomposites
461(34)
Sam Sung Ting
Gan Pei Gie
Mohd Firdaus Omar
Muhammad Faiq Abdullah
17.1 Introduction
461(1)
17.2 Cellulose
462(1)
17.3 Nanocellulose
463(5)
17.3.1 Cellulose nanofiber
463(2)
17.3.2 Cellulose nanocrystal
465(3)
17.4 Processing methods of nanocellulose-reinforced biocomposites
468(5)
17.4.1 Solvent casting
468(2)
17.4.2 Melt processing
470(1)
17.4.3 Electrospinning
471(2)
17.4.4 Layer-by-layer
473(1)
17.5 Properties of nanocellulose-reinforced biocomposites
473(12)
17.5.1 Tensile properties
473(2)
17.5.2 Thermal properties
475(5)
17.5.3 Barrier property
480(3)
17.5.4 Biodegradation property
483(2)
17.6 Conclusions and perspectives
485(10)
References
486(9)
Chapter 18 Biomedical applications of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates
495(80)
Aravind Madhavan
K.B. Arun
Raveendran Sindhu
Parameswaran Binod
Ashok Pandey
Ranjna Sirohi
Ayon Tarafdar
R. Reshmy
18.1 Introduction
495(1)
18.2 Types of polyhydroxyalkaonates for biomedical application
496(1)
18.3 Genetic-engineered strains for the production of polyhydroxyalkaonates
496(5)
18.3.1 Rational strategies for cost-effective, good-quality large-scale production of PHAs
497(4)
18.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoates for drug delivery
501(2)
18.5 Polyhydroxyalkanoates in tissue engineering
503(4)
18.5.1 Tissue engineering---bone
503(1)
18.5.2 Tissue engineering---cartilage
504(1)
18.5.3 Tissue engineering---nerve
504(1)
18.5.4 Tissue engineering---peridontal
505(1)
18.5.5 Tissue engineering---cardiovascular
505(2)
18.6 Conclusions and perspectives
507(68)
Acknowledgments
507(1)
References
508(67)
Part V Process engineering and commercialization
575(14)
Chapter 19 Process engineering and commercialization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
517(34)
Lalit R. Kumar
Bhoomika Yadav
Rajwinder Kaur
Sravan Kumar Yellapu
Sameer Pokhrel
Aishwarya Pandey
Bhagyashree Tiwari
R.D. Tyagi
19.1 Introduction
517(1)
19.2 Types and properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates
518(1)
19.3 Applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates
518(1)
19.4 Process development at lab scale
518(14)
19.4.1 Upstream processing
519(10)
19.4.2 Downstream processing
529(3)
19.4.3 Other methods
532(1)
19.5 Scale-up from lab scale to pilot scale
532(6)
19.5.1 Scale-up parameters for equipment
532(1)
19.5.2 Process validation
533(1)
19.5.3 Good manufacturing practices
534(1)
19.5.4 Problems and challenges encountered in scale-up
535(3)
19.6 Commercialization of polyhydroxyalkanoates
538(5)
19.6.1 Social factors affecting polyhydroxyalkanoate commercialization
538(1)
19.6.2 Technoeconomic studies
539(1)
19.6.3 Environmental assessment
540(2)
19.6.4 Commercial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates
542(1)
19.6.5 Challenges in the commercialization of polyhydroxyalkanoates
543(1)
19.7 Conclusions and perspectives
543(8)
Conflicts of Interest
544(1)
Acknowledgment
544(1)
References
544(7)
Chapter 20 Lignin production in plants and pilot and commercial processes
551(38)
Ayyoub Salaghi
Long Zhou
Preety Saini
Fangong Kong
Mohan Konduri
Pedram Fatehi
20.1 Introduction
551(10)
20.1.1 Occurrence and formation of lignin
552(9)
20.2 Lignin extraction methods at laboratory and pilot scales
561(11)
20.2.1 Lignin extraction using milling methods
561(3)
20.2.2 Lignin production by novel extraction technologies at pilot scales
564(8)
20.3 Methods for commercial lignin production
572(6)
20.3.1 Lignosulfonate production
572(1)
20.3.2 Kraft lignin production
573(3)
20.3.3 Organosolv and soda lignin
576(1)
20.3.4 Thermomechanical pulp-bio lignin
577(1)
20.4 Opportunities and challenges in the commercialization of lignin production
578(2)
20.5 Conclusions and perspectives
580(9)
Acknowledgments
581(1)
References
581(8)
Index 589
Dr Parameswaran Binod is currently working as a Principal Scientist in the Microbial Processes and Technology Division of CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, India. He obtained PhD in Biotechnology from University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India. He had then worked as Post Doctoral fellow at Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, South Korea and later joined as a Scientist at CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India. His research interest includes biomass to fuels and chemicals, biopolymers and enzyme technology. He has more than 130 publications in SCI journals with h-index 45. His name is listed in the top 2% scientist for the year 2019 as per the study by Stanford University. He is a recipient of several awards and fellowships including Young Scientist Award from International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses (IFIBiop), France, Kerala State Young Scientist Award from Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, Prof S B Chincholkar Memorial Award of the Biotech Research Society, India, Elsevier Impactful Research Award, Elsevier Renewable Energy Best Paper Award, Visiting Fellowship, EPFL, Switzerland, Marie Curie Fellow etc. He is a Fellow of International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability (ISEES). He is a National Honorary Advisory Board Member of Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability (CEES), India and Central Office Executive of The Biotech Research Society, India. Dr. Sindhu current research focus is on biofuels, biopolymers and microbial enzymes. She is an editorial board member of Journals BioEnergy Research, Annals of Agricultural and Crop Sciences, Journal of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Resources, Journal of Innovations and Applied Research and EC Microbiology. She is a reviewer of 108 SCI Journals in the field of bioprocesses and products. She is a National Honorary Advisory Board Member of Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability (CEES, India), Expert Reviewer of BIRAC BIG scheme, Chairperson of Kerala Technical University Food Technology and Chemical Engineering, Board of Studies Member- St. Josephs College and Chairperson of Institute Ethical Committee- Santhigiri Scientific Industrial Research Institute. Prof. Ashok Pandey is currently Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow. His major research and technological development interests are industrial and environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels and chemicals, waste to wealth and energy, etc.