Preface ix
1 Bone Microenvironment 1
Yingying Jing and Xiao Chen
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Bone Microenvironment and Diseases 9
1.3 Biomaterials and Bone Microenvironment 18
2 Materiobiological Effects Regulate the Bone Microenvironment 43
Shuangshuang Chen
2.1 Bioactive Components Influence the Bone Microenvironment 44
2.2 Physicochemical Property Influence the Bone Microenvironment 59
3 Design and Application of Biomaterials to Regulate Microenvironment for Bone Regeneration 75
Xiuhui Wang and Yingying Jiang
3.1 Natural Biomaterials for Bone Microenvironment Regulation 76
3.2 Synthetic Biomaterials for Bone Microenvironment Regulation 87
4 Fabrication Technologies of Biomaterials 107
Qin Zhang and Xue Xu
4.1 Fabrication Technologies of Biomaterials 107
4.2 Fabrication Technologies of Hydrogels 114
4.3 Fabrication Technologies of Other Biomaterials 121
References 125
5 Mechanisms for Biomaterials Reconstruct Microenvironment in Bone Regeneration 129
Yan Wei and Mengmeng Li
5.1 Mechanical Support Effect 129
5.2 Redox Effect 133
5.3 Pro-angiogenesis Effect 138
5.4 Inflammatory Immune Effect 144
5.5 Anti-Aging Effect 149
6 Biomaterials Regulating Bone Microenvironment in Clinical Application 157
Zhen Geng, Xiaoxiang Ren, and Sicheng Wang
6.1 Introduction 157
6.2 Autogenous Bone Remodeling 158
6.3 Allogeneic Bone Regeneration 161
6.4 Clinical Effect of Biomaterials 165
6.4.1 Bone tissue engineering 168
6.5 Clinical Challenges and Opportunities 169
References 170
7 Conclusions and Perspectives 175
Ke Xu, Yan Hu, and Han Liu
7.1 Bone Microenvironment Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions 175
7.2 Biological Effects Under Modulation of Materials 177
7.3 Design and Application of Biomaterials in Bone Regeneration 178
7.4 Fabrication Technologies 180
7.5 Microenvironment Under Biomaterial Regulation 181
7.6 Biomaterials in Clinical Experience 182
Index 185