An introduction to the Fundamentals of Biomedical Science series |
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Acknowledgements |
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Contributors |
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Abbreviations |
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xvi | |
1 Biomedical science and biomedical scientists |
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1 | (19) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1 What is biomedical science? |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Biomedical science degree programmes |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 What is a biomedical scientist? |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (4) |
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1.5 Initial employment as a biomedical scientist |
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10 | (2) |
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1.6 What do biomedical scientists do? |
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12 | (6) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
2 Fitness to practise |
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20 | (22) |
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20 | (1) |
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2.1 Healthcare regulation |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2 Health Professions Council |
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21 | (3) |
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2.3 HPC Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics |
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24 | (6) |
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2.4 Renewal of HPC registration |
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30 | (1) |
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2.5 Institute of Biomedical Science |
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30 | (1) |
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2.6 IBMS Code of Conduct and Good Professional Practice |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (5) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
3 Communications in laboratory medicine |
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42 | (24) |
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42 | (1) |
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3.1 Communication and the clinical laboratory |
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43 | (5) |
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3.2 Communication and confidentiality |
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48 | (1) |
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3.3 Methods of communication |
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49 | (6) |
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55 | (6) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (2) |
4 Health and safety |
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66 | (29) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (3) |
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4.2 Routes of entry into the body by chemical and biological agents |
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70 | (1) |
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4.3 Statutory framework for health and safety |
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70 | (6) |
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76 | (4) |
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4.5 Control of substances hazardous to health |
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80 | (3) |
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83 | (2) |
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4.7 Personal protective equipment |
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85 | (2) |
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4.8 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations |
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87 | (1) |
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4.9 Transport regulations |
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88 | (1) |
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4.10 Personal health and safety |
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89 | (3) |
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4.11 Universal or standard precautions |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
5 Statistics and handling data |
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95 | (30) |
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95 | (1) |
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5.1 Types of information and how to describe them |
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96 | (9) |
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5.2 Analysis and interpretation of data |
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105 | (15) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
6 Preparing and measuring reagents |
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125 | (26) |
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125 | (1) |
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6.1 Balances and weighing |
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126 | (5) |
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6.2 Volume measurements and delivery |
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131 | (4) |
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135 | (6) |
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6.4 Preparing reagents: concentrations and dilutions |
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141 | (7) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
7 Samples and sample collection |
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151 | (28) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (9) |
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161 | (2) |
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7.3 Fluids other than blood and urine |
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163 | (4) |
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7.4 Cytopathology and histopathology samples |
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167 | (2) |
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7.5 Samples for microbiology testing |
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169 | (7) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
8 Microscopy |
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179 | (32) |
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179 | (2) |
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8.1 Microscopy and image formation |
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181 | (6) |
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8.2 Components of a microscope |
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187 | (5) |
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192 | (1) |
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8.4 Dark field microscopy |
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192 | (1) |
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8.5 Phase contrast microscopy |
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193 | (2) |
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8.6 Polarization microscopy |
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195 | (1) |
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8.7 Fluorescence microscopy |
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195 | (3) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (9) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
9 Electrochemistry |
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211 | (25) |
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211 | (1) |
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9.1 Basic concepts and definitions |
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212 | (1) |
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9.2 Principles of electrochemical techniques |
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213 | (2) |
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9.3 Potentiometric techniques |
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215 | (10) |
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9.4 Voltammetric techniques |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (5) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
10 Radioactivity and radiation |
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236 | (21) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (2) |
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10.2 Types of radioactive decay |
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238 | (3) |
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10.3 Rate of radioactive decay |
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241 | (1) |
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10.4 Units associated with radioactivity |
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242 | (1) |
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10.5 Interaction of radiation with matter |
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243 | (1) |
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10.6 Detection and measurement of radioactivity |
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244 | (3) |
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10.7 Safety precautions when using radioisotopes |
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247 | (2) |
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10.8 Clinical applications of radioactivity |
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249 | (5) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
11 Spectroscopy |
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257 | (33) |
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257 | (1) |
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11.1 Radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum |
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257 | (2) |
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11.2 Interactions between radiation and matter |
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259 | (1) |
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11.3 Radiation, particles, and quanta |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (5) |
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266 | (6) |
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11.6 Light scattering methods |
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272 | (1) |
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11.7 Fluorescence and fluorimetry |
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273 | (1) |
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11.8 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
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274 | (5) |
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279 | (8) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (2) |
12 Centrifugation |
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290 | (21) |
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290 | (1) |
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12.1 Basics of centrifugation theory |
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291 | (4) |
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12.2 Types of centrifuges |
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295 | (3) |
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298 | (1) |
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12.4 Separation methods using centrifuges |
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299 | (4) |
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12.5 Safety and centrifuges |
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303 | (2) |
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12.6 Examples of clinical centrifugation |
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305 | (3) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (2) |
13 Chromatography |
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311 | (30) |
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311 | (1) |
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13.1 Partition or distribution coefficient |
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312 | (2) |
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13.2 Planar chromatography |
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314 | (5) |
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13.3 Column chromatography |
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319 | (10) |
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13.4 High performance liquid chromatography |
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329 | (5) |
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13.5 Gas-liquid chromatography |
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334 | (3) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (3) |
14 Electrophoresis |
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341 | (36) |
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341 | (1) |
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14.1 Principles of electrophoresis |
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341 | (2) |
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14.2 Factors affecting electrophoretic separations |
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343 | (2) |
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14.3 Detection of separated components |
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345 | (3) |
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14.4 Paper or cellulose electrophoresis |
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348 | (1) |
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14.5 Cellulose acetate electrophoresis |
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349 | (2) |
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14.6 Starch electrophoresis |
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351 | (1) |
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14.7 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
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352 | (10) |
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14.8 Agarose gel electrophoresis |
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362 | (5) |
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14.9 Capillary electrophoresis |
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367 | (3) |
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14.10 Isoelectric focusing |
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370 | (2) |
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14.11 Two-dimensional electrophoresis |
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372 | (2) |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (2) |
15 Immunological techniques |
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377 | (35) |
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377 | (1) |
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15.1 Outline of the immune system |
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378 | (2) |
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15.2 Synthesis of antibodies in vivo |
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380 | (2) |
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15.3 Production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in vitro |
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382 | (3) |
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15.4 Antigen-antibody interactions |
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385 | (4) |
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15.5 Immunological techniques used in clinical laboratories |
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389 | (20) |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
16 Molecular biology techniques |
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412 | (49) |
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412 | (1) |
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16.1 Structure and properties of macromolecules |
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413 | (9) |
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16.2 Molecular biology-based techniques |
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422 | (1) |
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16.3 Isolation of nucleic acids |
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422 | (6) |
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16.4 Hydrolysis of nucleic acids and restriction endonudeases |
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428 | (6) |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (4) |
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439 | (7) |
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16.8 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization |
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446 | (3) |
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449 | (8) |
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457 | (1) |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
17 Laboratory automation |
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461 | (17) |
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461 | (1) |
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17.1 Benefits of automation |
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462 | (3) |
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17.2 Collection of suitable samples and delivery to the laboratory |
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465 | (2) |
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17.3 Specimen reception considerations in the core automated laboratory |
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467 | (3) |
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17.4 Tracked automation systems and the core automated laboratory |
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470 | (3) |
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17.5 Automation in wider laboratory settings |
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473 | (2) |
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475 | (1) |
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476 | (1) |
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476 | (2) |
18 Point of care testing |
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478 | (27) |
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478 | (1) |
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18.1 Standards and guidelines |
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479 | (1) |
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18.2 Advantages and limitations of point of care testing |
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480 | (4) |
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18.3 POCT committee and POCT policy |
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484 | (4) |
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488 | (1) |
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18.5 Evaluating a POCT device |
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489 | (3) |
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492 | (2) |
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494 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (2) |
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498 | (1) |
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18.11 Problems, incidents, and litigation |
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499 | (3) |
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502 | (1) |
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502 | (1) |
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503 | (2) |
19 Quality assurance and management |
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505 | (21) |
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505 | (1) |
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506 | (2) |
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508 | (4) |
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19.3 Documentation in the clinical laboratory |
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512 | (1) |
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19.4 Standards and regulatory requirements in the medical laboratory |
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513 | (4) |
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19.5 Tools and techniques for continual improvement |
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517 | (7) |
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524 | (1) |
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524 | (1) |
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525 | (1) |
20 Personal development |
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526 | (27) |
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526 | (2) |
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20.1 Continuing professional development |
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528 | (1) |
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20.2 Opportunities for personal development in the workplace |
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529 | (3) |
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20.3 Raining and development |
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532 | (2) |
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20.4 Professional bodies and personal development |
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534 | (6) |
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20.5 Commercial concerns and personal development |
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540 | (1) |
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20.6 Opportunities for self-guided personal development |
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541 | (1) |
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541 | (1) |
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542 | (5) |
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20.9 Evidence supporting personal development |
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547 | (2) |
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20.10 Performance appraisal and personal development plans |
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549 | (1) |
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550 | (1) |
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551 | (1) |
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551 | (2) |
Glossary |
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553 | (10) |
Index |
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