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E-grāmata: Blood Science: Principles and Pathology

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(Manchester Metropolitan University, UK), (Royal College of Pathologists, UK)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Jan-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118351420
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Blood Science: Principles and PathologyPalielināt
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Jan-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118351420
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lood Science is a relatively new discipline which merges biochemistry, haematology, immunology, transfusion science and genetics. This bringing together of traditional disciplines requires a corresponding change in education and training for healthcare scientists and Blood Science: Principles and Pathology is written in response to this emerging need. An introduction to the subject and an overview of the techniques used in blood science are followed by a series of chapters based on groups of analytes investigated in blood - red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, followed by the constituents of plasma, including waste products, electrolytes, glucose, lipids, enzymes, hormones, nutrients, drugs, poisons and others. Each chapter is supported by learning objectives, summaries and further information, and a focus is given to chapter specific case studies with interpretation to demonstrate how laboratory data in conjunction with clinical details is utilised when investigating patients with actual or suspected disease. Finally, a separate chapter offers more detailed case reports that integrate the different aspects of blood science. Undergraduate students taking blood science modules as part of their BSc programmes in Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences will appreciate the level of integration between clinical biochemistry and haematology. In addition, this book will provide suitable initial reading for those students embarking on blood science modules on MSc programmes and will be of value to new graduates entering the profession and starting their career in blood science departments by supplementing practice-based training with the required theoretical underpinning.Blood Science is a relatively new discipline which merges biochemistry, haematology, immunology, transfusion science and genetics. This bringing together of traditional disciplines requires a corresponding change in education and training for healthcare scientists and Blood Science: Principles and Pathology is written in response to this emerging need. An introduction to the subject and an overview of the techniques used in blood science are followed by a series of chapters based on groups of analytes investigated in blood - red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, followed by the constituents of plasma, including waste products, electrolytes, glucose, lipids, enzymes, hormones, nutrients, drugs, poisons and others. Each chapter is supported by learning objectives, summaries and further information, and a focus is given to chapter specific case studies with interpretation to demonstrate how laboratory data in conjunction with clinical details is utilised when investigating patients with actual or suspected disease. Finally, a separate chapter offers more detailed case reports that integrate the different aspects of blood science. Undergraduate students taking blood science modules as part of their BSc programmes in Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences will appreciate the level of integration between clinical biochemistry and haemato
Preface, xiii
Acknowledgements, xv
List of Abbreviations, xvii
About the Companion Website, xxi
1 Introduction to Blood Science, 1(24)
1.1 What is blood science?,
1(5)
1.2 Biochemistry,
6(2)
1.3 Blood transfusion,
8(2)
1.4 Genetics,
10(4)
1.5 Haematology,
14(3)
1.6 Immunology,
17(2)
1.7 The role of blood science in modern healthcare,
19(3)
1.8 What this book will achieve,
22(1)
Summary,
23(1)
References,
23(1)
Further reading,
23(1)
Web sites,
23(2)
2 Analytical Techniques in Blood Science, 25(26)
2.1 Venepuncture,
25(1)
2.2 Anticoagulants,
26(1)
2.3 Sample identification and tracking,
27(1)
2.4 Technical and analytical confidence,
27(5)
2.5 Major techniques,
32(11)
2.6 Molecular genetics,
43(4)
2.7 Point of care testing,
47(1)
2.8 Health and safety in the laboratory,
48(1)
Summary,
49(1)
Further reading,
50(1)
Web sites,
50(1)
3 The Physiology of the Red Blood Cell, 51(24)
3.1 Introduction,
51(1)
3.2 The development of blood cells,
52(4)
3.3 Erythropoiesis,
56(2)
3.4 The red cell membrane,
58(2)
3.5 The cytoplasm of the red cell,
60(6)
3.6 Oxygen transport,
66(2)
3.7 Recycling the red cell,
68(1)
3.8 Red cell indices in the full blood count,
69(3)
3.9 Morphology of the red cell,
72(2)
Summary,
74(1)
Further reading,
74(1)
4 The Pathology of the Red Blood Cell, 75(34)
4.1 Introduction: diseases of red cells,
75(3)
4.2 Anaemia resulting from attack on, or stress to, the bone marrow,
78(2)
4.3 Anaemia due to deficiency,
80(5)
4.4 Intrinsic defects in the red cell,
85(15)
4.5 External factors acting on healthy cells,
100(3)
4.6 Erythrocytosis and polycythaemia,
103(2)
4.7 Molecular genetics and red cell disease,
105(1)
4.8 Inclusion bodies,
105(1)
4.9 Case studies,
105(2)
Summary,
107(1)
References,
107(1)
Further reading,
107(2)
5 White Blood Cells in Health and Disease, 109(26)
5.1 Introduction,
109(2)
5.2 Leukopoiesis,
111(4)
5.3 Neutrophils,
115(1)
5.4 Lymphocytes,
116(1)
5.5 Monocytes,
117(1)
5.6 Eosinophils,
118(1)
5.7 Basophils,
119(1)
5.8 Leukocytes in action,
120(7)
5.9 White cells in clinical medicine,
127(5)
5.10 Case studies,
132(1)
Summary,
132(1)
Further reading,
133(2)
6 White Blood Cell Malignancy, 135(26)
6.1 The genetic basis of leukocyte malignancy,
135(4)
6.2 Tissue techniques in haemato-oncology,
139(2)
6.3 Leukaemia,
141(8)
6.4 Lymphoma,
149(3)
6.5 Myeloma and related conditions,
152(5)
6.6 Myelofibrosis and myelodysplasi4,
157(1)
6.7 Case studies,
157(1)
Summary,
158(1)
Further reading,
159(1)
Guidelines,
159(2)
7 The Physiology and Pathology of Haemostasis, 161(16)
7.1 The blood-vessel wall,
162(1)
7.2 Platelets,
163(2)
7.3 The coagulation pathway,
165(3)
7.4 Haemostasis as the balance between thrombus formation and removal,
168(3)
7.5 The haemostasis laboratory,
171(2)
7.6 The pathology of thrombosis,
173(2)
Summary,
175(1)
Further reading,
175(2)
8 The Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of Haemostasis, 177(32)
8.1 Thrombosis 1: overactive platelets and thrombocytosis,
177(4)
8.2 Thrombosis 2: overactive coagulation,
181(12)
8.3 Haemorrhage 1: platelet underactivity and thrombocytopenia,
193(6)
8.4 Haemorrhage 2: coagulation underactivity,
199(4)
8.5 Disseminated intravascular coagulation,
203(1)
8.6 Molecular genetics in haemostasis,
204(1)
8.7 Case studies,
205(1)
Summary,
206(1)
References,
206(1)
Further reading,
207(1)
Guidelines,
207(1)
Web sites,
207(2)
9 Immunopathology, 209(32)
9.1 Introduction,
209(1)
9.2 Basics of the immune system,
210(2)
9.3 Humoral immunity,
212(3)
9.4 Immunopathology 1: immunodeficiency,
215(6)
9.5 Immunopathology 2: hypersensitivity,
221(5)
9.6 Immunopathology 3: autoimmune disease,
226(6)
9.7 Immunotherapy,
232(2)
9.8 The immunology laboratory,
234(4)
9.9 Case studies,
238(1)
Summary,
239(1)
References,
240(1)
Further reading,
240(1)
Guidelines,
240(1)
Web sites,
240(1)
10 Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, 241(20)
10.1 The genetics of antigen recognition,
241(4)
10.2 Human leukocyte antigens,
245(6)
10.3 Transplantation,
251(6)
10.4 Autoimmunity and human leukocyte antigens,
257(3)
Summary,
260(1)
Further reading,
260(1)
Guidelines,
260(1)
Web sites,
260(1)
11 Blood Transfusion, 261(26)
11.1 Blood collection and processing,
262(3)
11.2 Blood groups,
265(8)
11.3 Laboratory practice of blood transfusion,
273(6)
11.4 Clinical practice of blood transfusion,
279(2)
11.5 Hazards of blood transfusion,
281(3)
Summary,
284(1)
References,
284(1)
Further reading,
284(1)
Guidelines,
284(1)
Web sites,
285(2)
12 Waste Products, Electrolytes and Renal Disease, 287(18)
12.1 Renal anatomy and physiology,
287(1)
12.2 Homeostasis,
288(7)
12.3 Excretion,
295(2)
12.4 Renal endocrinology,
297(1)
12.5 Renal disease,
298(3)
12.6 Case studies,
301(2)
Summary,
303(1)
Further reading,
303(1)
Guidelines,
303(1)
Web sites,
303(2)
13 Hydrogen Ions, pH, and Acid-Base Disorders, 305(14)
13.1 Ions and molecules,
305(3)
13.2 Blood gases,
308(4)
13.3 Acidosis (pH <7.3),
312(1)
13.4 Alkalosis (pH >7.5),
313(1)
13.5 Mixed acid-base conditions,
314(1)
13.6 Clinical interpretation,
314(1)
13.7 Case studies,
315(1)
Summary,
316(1)
Further reading,
317(1)
Web site,
317(2)
14 Glucose, Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 319(32)
14.1 Glucose,
319(14)
14.2 Dyslipidaemia,
333(10)
14.3 Atherosclerosis,
343(4)
14.4 Case studies,
347(1)
Summary,
348(1)
Further reading,
348(1)
Guidelines,
349(1)
Web sites,
349(2)
15 Calcium, Phosphate, Magnesium and Bone Disease, 351(20)
15.1 Calcium,
352(3)
15.2 Phosphates,
355(1)
15.3 Magnesium,
355(1)
15.4 The laboratory,
355(2)
15.5 Disorders of calcium homeostasis,
357(3)
15.6 Disorders of phosphate homeostasis,
360(2)
15.7 Disorders of magnesium homeostasis,
362(1)
15.8 Bone physiology,
363(1)
15.9 Bone disease,
364(4)
15.10 Case studies,
368(1)
Summary,
369(1)
Further reading,
370(1)
Guidelines,
370(1)
Web sites,
370(1)
16 Nutrients and Gastrointestinal Disorders, 371(12)
16.1 Nutrients,
371(4)
16.2 The intestines,
375(6)
16.3 Case studies,
381(1)
Summary,
382(1)
Further reading,
382(1)
Guidelines,
382(1)
17 Liver Function Tests and Plasma Proteins, 383(24)
17.1 Anatomy and physiology of the liver,
384(5)
17.2 Liver function tests,
389(1)
17.3 Diseases of the liver,
390(6)
17.4 Plasma proteins,
396(9)
17.5 Case studies,
405(1)
Summary,
406(1)
Further reading,
406(1)
Web sites,
406(1)
18 Hormones and Endocrine Disorders, 407(30)
18.1 Endocrine physiology,
407(10)
18.2 The pathology of the endocrine system,
417(17)
18.3 Case studies,
434(1)
Summary,
435(1)
Further reading,
435(1)
Web sites,
436(1)
19 Cancer and Tumour Markers, 437(12)
19.1 General concepts in cancer biology,
437(3)
19.2 Blood science and cancer,
440(4)
19.3 Molecular genetics,
444(1)
19.4 Case studies,
445(1)
Summary,
446(1)
Further reading,
446(1)
Guidelines,
447(1)
Web sites,
447(2)
20 Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 449(10)
20.1 The genetics of inheritance,
449(2)
20.2 Molecular inherited metabolic disorders,
451(4)
20.3 Organelle inherited metabolic disorders,
455(1)
20.4 Antenatal diagnosis and neonatal screening,
455(1)
20.5 Case studies,
456(1)
Summary,
457(1)
Further reading,
457(2)
21 Drugs and Poisons, 459(12)
21.1 Toxicology,
459(2)
21.2 Toxicology of specific compounds,
461(4)
21.3 Therapeutic drug monitoring,
465(3)
21.4 Case studies,
468(1)
Summary,
469(1)
References,
469(1)
Further reading,
469(2)
22 Case Reports in Blood Science, 471(20)
Abbreviations,
471(1)
Case report 1,
472(1)
Anaemia, hypercalcaemia, proteinuria, myeloma
Case report 2,
473(1)
Diabetes, glycated haemoglobin, chronic renal failure
Case report 3,
474(1)
Acute kidney injury, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, viruses
Case report 4,
475(2)
Part 1: Obesity, colorectal cancer, CEA, hypothyroidism. Part 2: Alcoholism, raised GGT and triacylglycerols
Case report 5,
477(2)
Part 1: No abnormalities. Part 2: Asthma, raised IgE. Part 3: Falling haemoglobin, rising ESR, lung cancer
Case report 6,
479(1)
Hypothyroidism, marginally reduced haemoglobin
Case report 7,
480(1)
Raised CRP, ESR, rheumatoid factor and anti-nuclear antibodies; borderline anti-dsDNA antibodies, low C3, low eGFR and so mild renal failure, systemic lupus erythematosus
Case report 8,
481(1)
Normal blood results in renal transplantation
Case report 9,
482(2)
Falling albumin, eGFR, haemoglobin, red cell count and platelets, rising ESR, white cell count and neutrophila, CRP, urea and creatinine, septicaemia
Case report 10,
484(2)
Microcytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis, abnormal LFTs, falling albumin, raised CRP, myositis with raised CK, viruses
Case report 11,
486(1)
Acidosis, hyperglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, acute renal injury, raised urea and creatinine
Case report 12,
487(1)
Low haemoglobin, thrombocytopenia, raised CRP and d-dimers, abnormal LFTs, malaria, pregnancy
Case report 13,
488(1)
Raised aldosterone, hypernatraemia, hypokalaemia, Conn's syndrome
Case report 14,
489(1)
Paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemia, low bicarbonate, raised phosphates, ALP and proteins
References,
490(1)
Appendix: Reference Ranges, 491(2)
Further Reading, 493(2)
Glossary, 495(24)
Index, 519
Dr Andrew Blann, FRCPath FIBMS CSci, Consultant Clinical Scientists and Honorary Senior Lecturer in Medicine, University Department of Medicine, UK; Deputy Chief Examiner in Haematology with the Institute of Biomedical Science and an Examiner in Haematology with the Royal College of Pathologists.

Dr Nessar Ahmed, CSci FIBMS, Reader in Clinical Biochemistry, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK.
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