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Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellant: Properties, Combustion, and Technology Aspects [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 323 pages, height x width: 254x178 mm, weight: 1097 g, 120 Tables, black and white; 28 Line drawings, color; 111 Line drawings, black and white; 27 Halftones, color; 50 Halftones, black and white; 55 Illustrations, color; 161 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Apr-2019
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367141663
  • ISBN-13: 9780367141660
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Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellant: Properties, Combustion, and Technology AspectsPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 323 pages, height x width: 254x178 mm, weight: 1097 g, 120 Tables, black and white; 28 Line drawings, color; 111 Line drawings, black and white; 27 Halftones, color; 50 Halftones, black and white; 55 Illustrations, color; 161 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Apr-2019
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367141663
  • ISBN-13: 9780367141660
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780367141660.html
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Boron-based Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellant Technology is a professional book that systematically introduces the latest research progress for boron-based fuel rich solid propellants. It covers surface modifications, coating and agglomerating techniques, granulation, and characterization of amorphous boron powders, and its application to fuel-rich solid rocket propellants. Technologies for controlling the processing methods and combustion performance of fuel rich propellants are examined, and the book concludes with a summary of the research progress in boron- based fuel rich solid propellants, and a look forward to the foreseeable development trends of military applications.
Preface xiii
Foreword xv
Summary xvii
Authors xix
Abbreviations xxi
1 Basic Formulations and Components of Ramjet Propellants 1(32)
1.1 Fuel-Rich Propellants
1(1)
1.2 Main Components of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellant
2(11)
1.2.1 Binders
2(1)
1.2.2 Metal Fuels
2(5)
1.2.2.1 Boron in Nature
4(1)
1.2.2.2 Amorphous and Crystalline Boron
4(1)
1.2.2.3 Preparation of Amorphous Boron Powder
5(1)
1.2.2.4 Physicochemical Properties of Boron Powders
6(1)
1.2.2.5 Boron-Aluminum or Boron-Magnesium Alloy Powder
7(1)
1.2.3 Oxidizers and Solid Fillers
7(1)
1.2.4 Combustion Catalysts and Stabilizers
8(1)
1.2.5 Combustion Stabilizer
9(1)
1.2.6 Bonding Agents
9(3)
1.2.7 Antioxidants
12(1)
1.3 Main Properties of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellant
13(7)
1.3.1 Energetic Properties
13(1)
1.3.2 Processibility (Rheological and Surface-Interfacial Properties)
14(4)
1.3.2.1 Effect of Content
16(1)
1.3.2.2 Impact of Particle Properties on Viscosity
16(2)
1.3.3 Combustion Properties
18(1)
1.3.4 Performance Characteristics of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellants
19(1)
1.4 Main Problems of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellant
20(2)
1.5 Recent Progress of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellant
22(6)
1.5.1 Development of Modification of Boron Powder
22(1)
1.5.2 Current Research Situation of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellants
23(5)
1.6 Prospects of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellant
28(1)
References
29(4)
2 Surface Modification and Characterization of Boron Powder 33(50)
2.1 Introduction
33(1)
2.2 Deterioration of Propellant Manufacturing Process Caused by Boron and Its Mechanism
34(4)
2.2.1 XPS Analysis
34(1)
2.2.2 Rheological Analysis
34(2)
2.2.3 Infrared Analysis
36(1)
2.2.4 Mechanism of the Deteriorated Process in HTPB Fuel-Rich Propellant
37(1)
2.3 Preparation Process of Agglomerated Boron Particles
38(12)
2.3.1 Pretreatment of Amorphous Boron Powder
39(1)
2.3.2 Coating of Amorphous Boron Powder
40(3)
2.3.3 Agglomeration and Prills of Amorphous Boron Powder
43(7)
2.4 The Particle Size Distribution and Fractal Dimension Characterization of Agglomerated Boron Particles
50(9)
2.4.1 Measuring Principle of Fractal Dimension
50(1)
2.4.2 The Particle Size Fractal Dimension of Solid Additives in Solid Propellants
51(5)
2.4.3 Fractal Dimension of Surface Roughness and Size Distribution of Agglomerated Boron Particles and Its Relationship with Rheological Properties of Fuel-Rich Propellant
56(3)
2.5 Bulk Density of Agglomerated Boron Particles
59(5)
2.5.1 Bulk Density Measurement of Agglomerated Boron Particles
60(1)
2.5.2 Two Types of Bulk Density Comparison of Agglomerated Boron Particles
60(2)
2.5.3 Dispersion Property of Agglomerated Boron Particles
62(1)
2.5.4 Effects of Vibration Times on the Tap Bulk Density of Agglomerated Boron Particles
63(1)
2.6 Robustness of Agglomerated Boron Particles
64(4)
2.6.1 Robustness Test Principle of Agglomerated Boron Particles
64(1)
2.6.2 Basic Physical Parameters of Agglomerated Boron Particles
65(1)
2.6.3 Effects of Different Factors on the Robustness of Agglomerated Boron Particles
65(3)
2.7 Surface Properties of before and after Agglomeration Boron Particles
68(4)
2.7.1 Morphology of Agglomerated Boron Particles
68(1)
2.7.2 Acidity Analysis of Agglomerated Boron Particles
68(3)
2.7.3 X-Ray Analysis of Agglomerated Boron Particles
71(1)
2.7.4 Coating Degree of Agglomerated Boron Particles
71(1)
2.8 Crystal Boron Powder
72(4)
2.8.1 The Physicochemical Properties of Crystal Boron Powder
72(2)
2.8.2 XRD Analysis of Crystal Boron Powder
74(1)
2.8.3 XPS Analysis of Crystal Boron Powder
74(2)
2.8.4 Surface Acid Property of Crystal Boron Powder
76(1)
2.9 Boron/Magnesium (Aluminum) Composite Powders
76(4)
2.9.1 Morphology and Particle Size Distribution of B/Mg (Al) Composite Powders
76(2)
2.9.2 Density of B/Mg (Al) Composite Powders
78(1)
2.9.3 X-Ray Analysis of B/Mg (Al) Composite Powders
78(1)
2.9.4 Surface Acid Degree of B/Mg (Al) Composite Powders
79(1)
References
80(3)
3 The Surface-Interfacial Properties of Boron and Binder System 83(18)
3.1 Problem Statement
83(1)
3.2 Measuring Principle and Methods
83(4)
3.2.1 Surface-Interfacial Chemical Principle
83(2)
3.2.2 Measuring Principle of Contact Angle
85(1)
3.2.3 Calculating Principle of Adhesion Work and Spread Coefficient
86(1)
3.2.4 Measuring Method
86(1)
3.3 Surface-Interfacial Properties of ABPs and Binder System
87(9)
3.3.1 Surface Properties of ABPs
88(1)
3.3.2 Calculation of Contact Angle and Surface Free Energy
89(1)
3.3.3 Calculation of Adhesion Work and Spread Coefficient
90(1)
3.3.4 Surface Modification Mechanism of ABPs
91(5)
3.4 Surface-Interfacial (Multi-Interfacial) Properties of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant Containing ABPs
96(1)
3.5 Effects of ABP on the Microstructures of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
97(1)
References
98(3)
4 Rheological Properties 101(22)
4.1 Boron Propellant Slurries
101(1)
4.2 Characterization and Measurement of Rheological Properties of Propellant
101(2)
4.2.1 Characterization of Rheological Properties
101(1)
4.2.2 Preparation of Samples
102(1)
4.2.3 Measuring Methods
103(1)
4.3 Effects of Different Elements on the Rheological Properties of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellants
103(14)
4.3.1 Rheological Properties of HTPB Binder
103(1)
4.3.2 Rheological Properties of ABP/HTPB Slurry
104(3)
4.3.3 Effects of Different Ingredients on the Rheological Properties of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
107(10)
4.4 Processibility of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellants
117(4)
4.4.1 Designing Principle of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellant
118(1)
4.4.2 Processibility of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
118(1)
4.4.3 Formulations of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant Containing Agglomerated Boron Particles
118(1)
4.4.4 Preparation of Boron Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant Samples
119(1)
4.4.5 Processibility of Boron Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant Samples
119(2)
References
121(2)
5 Energetic Properties 123(24)
5.1 General Description
123(1)
5.2 Estimation of Energetic Properties of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
123(6)
5.2.1 Calculation of Energetic Properties of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
125(3)
5.2.2 Theoretical Calculation and Measurement Methods of Combustion Heat
128(1)
5.2.3 Propellant Density Measurements
129(1)
5.3 Technical Approaches to Increase the Energetic Properties of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
129(2)
5.3.1 Addition of Metal Fuels
129(1)
5.3.2 Effective Additives
130(1)
5.4 Effect of Formulation Factors on the Energetic Properties of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
131(14)
5.4.1 Binder Type
131(2)
5.4.2 Boron Fuel
133(5)
5.4.3 Oxidizers and Solid Fillers
138(7)
References
145(2)
6 Combustion Properties 147(96)
6.1 Introduction
147(1)
6.2 Characterization and Measurement of Combustion Properties of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
148(3)
6.2.1 Characterized Parameters
148(2)
6.2.1.1 Burning Rate
149(1)
6.2.1.2 Burning Rate Pressure Exponent
149(1)
6.2.1.3 Burning Rate Temperature Sensitivity
149(1)
6.2.2 Measuring Methods
150(1)
6.3 Technical Approaches to Improve the Combustion Properties of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
151(7)
6.3.1 Addition of Agents
151(4)
6.3.2 Surface Coating of Boron Powder
155(3)
6.3.2.1 Surface Coating by Means of LiF, Fluorine Rubber, and Silane
155(1)
6.3.2.2 Surface Coating by Means of Oxidizers or Energetic Binders
156(1)
6.3.2.3 Replacing Inert Binder by Energetic Binders
156(2)
6.4 Ignition and Combustion of Boron Powder
158(13)
6.4.1 Ignition Model of Boron Powder
159(1)
6.4.2 Ignition Model of Agglomerated Boron Particles
159(2)
6.4.3 Ignition Properties of Boron Powder in Different Atmosphere
161(4)
6.4.3.1 Combustion in the Air
161(1)
6.4.3.2 Ignition of Boron in an Environment Containing Water Vapor
162(1)
6.4.3.3 Ignition of Boron Particles in C12
163(1)
6.4.3.4 Ignition of Boron Particles in an Environment Containing Fluorine
164(1)
6.4.3.5 Ignition of Boron Particles in an Environment Containing Nitrogen
165(1)
6.4.4 Emission Spectrum and Flame Morphology of Boron Powder in Different Atmosphere
165(6)
6.4.4.1 Pure N2/Pure 02
167(1)
6.4.4.2 H20/02 Mixed Atmosphere
168(1)
6.4.4.3 N2/02 Mixed Atmosphere
168(3)
6.5 Effects of Boron on the Combustion Properties of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
171(12)
6.5.1 Combustion Properties of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
172(1)
6.5.2 Thermal Decomposition of Surface-Modified Boron Particles
173(3)
6.5.3 Combustion Properties of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant Containing Crystal Boron Powder
176(1)
6.5.4 Thermal Decomposition of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant Containing Crystal Boron Particles
177(2)
6.5.5 Combustion Properties of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant Containing Boron (Magnesium) Composite Particles
179(1)
6.5.6 Solid Motor Tests of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant Containing Agglomerated Boron Particles
180(3)
6.6 Combustion Mechanism of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellants
183(43)
6.6.1 Combustion Flame Structures
183(3)
6.6.1.1 The Combustion Flame Structure of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellant
184(1)
6.6.1.2 Effect of Agglomerated Boron Particles on the Combustion Flame Structure of Fuel-Rich Propellant
185(1)
6.6.1.3 Effect of Coated Materials of AP and LiF on the Combustion Flame Structure of Fuel-Rich Propellant
185(1)
6.6.2 Combustion Wave Temperature
186(10)
6.6.2.1 The Combustion Wave Structure of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellant
187(2)
6.6.2.2 Effect of Agglomeration on the Combustion Wave Structure of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellant
189(3)
6.6.2.3 Effect of AP Coating on the Combustion Wave Structure of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellant
192(2)
6.6.2.4 Effect of LiF Coating on the Combustion Wave Structure of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellant
194(2)
6.6.3 Flameout Surface Analysis
196(2)
6.6.4 Primary Combustion Product Analysis
198(17)
6.6.4.1 Collection of Primary Combustion Products
199(3)
6.6.4.2 Morphology and Particle Size of Primary Condensed Combustion Products
202(1)
6.6.4.3 Chemical Analysis of Condensed Phase Products Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects
203(9)
6.6.4.4 Preliminary Analysis of Organic and Gaseous Products in the Primary Combustion Products
212(3)
6.6.5 Combustion Residue Analysis
215(11)
6.6.5.1 Experimental Principle of Chemical Analysis of Combustion Residue
215(1)
6.6.5.2 The Main Components and Determination of Combustion Residues of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellants
216(7)
6.6.5.3 Reliability Verification of Method
223(1)
6.6.5.4 Effect of Coat on the Combustion of Boron in Fuel-Rich Propellant
224(2)
6.7 Influencing Factors on the Primary Combustion Ejection Efficiency of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellant
226(3)
6.7.1 Propellant Formulation and Experimental Scheme
226(1)
6.7.2 Effects of Ingredients on the Efficiency of Fuel-Rich Propellant
226(3)
6.7.3 Ejection Apparatus on the Efficiency of Fuel-Rich Propellants
229(1)
6.8 The Primary Combustion Model of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
229(7)
6.8.1 Establishment of Physical Model in the Primary Combustion
230(1)
6.8.2 Establishment of Mathematical Model in the Primary Combustion
231(13)
6.8.1.1 AP/HTPB System
232(1)
6.8.1.2 Agglomerated Boron/AP/HTPB System
233(3)
References
236(7)
7 Combustion Performance of Model Propellant with Boron and Boron-Containing Compounds 243(64)
7.1 Boron as Ingredient for Composite Propellant
243(1)
7.2 Boron-Aluminum Mechanical Alloy as a Metallic Fuel
244(24)
7.2.1 Production and Characterization of B-Al Mechanical Alloys
245(9)
7.2.1.1 Milling Regimes and X-Ray Data
245(2)
7.2.1.2 Granulometric Data
247(3)
7.2.1.3 Analytical Chemistry of Powders and Chemical Analyses Data
250(4)
7.2.1.4 Summary of Al/B Mechanical Alloy Properties
254(1)
7.2.2 Experimental Procedures
254(2)
7.2.2.1 Propellant Formulations and Samples
254(1)
7.2.2.2 Experimental Techniques
255(1)
7.2.3 Results and Discussion
256(11)
7.2.3.1 Preliminary Remarks on Parameters Characterizing the Properties of Alloy as a Propellant Component
256(1)
7.2.3.2 Burning Rate and Flame Temperature
257(5)
7.2.3.3 Ignition Delay
262(1)
7.2.3.4 Study of CCP
262(5)
7.2.4 Summary on Combustion Parameters of Model Propellant with B-Al Mechanical Alloys
267(1)
7.3 Reactivity of Boron and Boron-Magnesium Alloy-Based Propellants
268(10)
7.3.1 Experimental Procedures
269(2)
7.3.1.1 Materials
269(1)
7.3.1.2 Boron-Filled Energetic Binders
270(1)
7.3.1.3 Thermal Gravimetric Analysis
271(1)
7.3.1.4 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
271(1)
7.3.2 Results and Discussion
271(5)
7.3.2.1 The Effect of Boron Particles Coated with GAPm
272(1)
7.3.2.2 The Effect of Adding Mg into Boron Particles Coated with GAPm
272(3)
7.3.2.3 TGA Experiments
275(1)
7.3.2.4 The Effect of Milling Time
276(1)
7.3.3 Summary on Combustion Parameters of Model Propellant with B-Mg Alloys
276(2)
7.4 Formation of CCP of Boron-Containing Solid Propellants and Combustion Efficiency
278(11)
7.4.1 Boron Agglomeration, CCP, and Combustion Efficiency
278(2)
7.4.2 Mechanism of Solid Residue Formation
280(2)
7.4.3 Modeling of the Boron Particles Agglomeration
282(2)
7.4.4 Critical Conditions for the Slag Formation
284(3)
7.4.5 Dependence of the Mass of Residues on Mean Pressure in Gas Generator
287(2)
7.5 Combustion Efficiency of Propellants Containing Boron Fuels
289(10)
7.5.1 General Remarks
289(1)
7.5.2 Components, Formulations, and Experimental Program
290(1)
7.5.3 Propellant Specimens and Sampling Technology and Treatment
291(2)
7.5.4 Experimental Results
293(5)
7.5.4.1 Burning Rate
294(1)
7.5.4.2 CCP of Propellants with Boron
294(2)
7.5.4.3 CCP of the Propellants with Boron and Aluminum
296(1)
7.5.4.4 The Energy Release Efficiency
296(2)
7.5.5 Summary on Combustion Efficiency of Model Propellant with B and A1B2
298(1)
References
299(8)
8 Application Perspectives and Development Trends of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellants 307(8)
8.1 Introduction
307(1)
8.2 Requirements of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellants
307(2)
8.2.1 Requirements of New Air-to-Air Missile
307(1)
8.2.2 Requirements of Supersonic Velocity Missile in Future
308(1)
8.2.3 Requirements of Ground-Air Missile against High Mobility Targets
308(1)
8.2.4 Requirements of Large Caliber Artillery Lift
309(1)
8.3 Development Progress and Trends of Fuel-Rich Solid Rocket Propellant
309(2)
8.3.1 Low Signature
309(1)
8.3.2 Insensitive Characteristics
309(1)
8.3.3 High-Pressure Exponent
309(1)
8.3.4 Using Nanosized Fuels in Fuel-Rich Solid Propellant
310(1)
8.4 Advice of Experts to the Development of Fuel-Rich Solid Propellants
311(1)
References
312(3)
Index 315
Pang WeiQiang is a Dr. Professor and Visiting Scholar at the Politecnico di Milano; he has been responsible for several national projects in recent years. He has received honors, such as the third rank of the China North Industries Group Corporation, Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute (2013); and the the first rank of China North Industries Group Corporation, Xian Modern Chemistry Research Institute (2012). For years his scientific activity has been devoted to the fundamental combustions of energetic materials from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. Dr. Pang has given specific attention to the following research areas: high energetic materials and their application in composite and fuel-rich solid propellants; steady burning rates and temperature profiles; and ignition. Recently his focus has been on the combustion and application of innovative high-energy materials, nano-sized technology, performance of metallized and dual metal formulations, agglomerations and aggregations. He has published nearly 100 papers in international reviewed journals, more than 50 patents, and 5 books in recent years.