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E-grāmata: Brain: What Everyone Needs To Know(R)

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  • Formāts: 176 pages
  • Sērija : What Everyone Needs to Know
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Feb-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780190603427
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  • Formāts: 176 pages
  • Sērija : What Everyone Needs to Know
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Feb-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780190603427
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What is the principle purpose of a brain? A simple question, but the answer has taken millennia for us to begin to understand. So critical for our everyday existence, the brain still remains somewhat a mystery. Gary L. Wenk takes us on a tour of what we do know about this enigmatic organ, showing us how the workings of the human brain produce our thoughts, feelings, and fears, and answering questions such as: How did humans evolve such a big brain? What is an emotion and why do we have them? What is a memory and why do we forget so easily? How does your diet affect how you think and feel? What happens when your brain gets old?

Throughout human history, ignorance about the brain has caused numerous non-scientific, sometimes harmful, interventions to be devised based on interpretations of scientific facts that were misguided. Wenk discusses why these neuroscientific myths are so popular, and why some of the interventions based on them are a waste of time and money. With illuminating insights, gentle humor, and welcome simplicity, The Brain: What Everyone Needs to Know makes the complex biology of our brains accessible to the general reader.
Preface xiii
Introduction 1(4)
1 What is a memory?
5(16)
How are memories made?
6(1)
Do I need to pay attention?
7(1)
Why do I forget some things but not others?
8(1)
How are memories recalled?
9(1)
Do memories last forever?
10(1)
What is amnesia?
11(1)
How does the brain create a memory?
12(3)
Why are patients with Alzheimer's disease so forgetful?
15(1)
How is the memory loss treated?
16(2)
What does a memory look like?
18(1)
How does nicotine influence brain function?
19(2)
2 Why do I feel this way?
21(20)
What is fear?
23(4)
Why are close-talkers so frightening?
27(1)
What is depression?
27(2)
How is depression treated?
29(2)
Why do you sleep so poorly when you are depressed?
31(1)
Why is depression so common?
32(1)
What is the role of serotonin in depression?
32(2)
What is bipolar disorder?
34(2)
What is schizophrenia?
36(2)
Why do schizophrenics hear voices?
38(1)
Are dolphins schizophrenic?
39(1)
How is schizophrenia treated?
40(1)
3 How do food and drugs influence my brain?
41(32)
Why do plants affect the human brain?
42(2)
How do we become addicted to specific foods and drugs?
44(1)
Can I blame it on my parents?
45(2)
Why am I addicted to caffeine?
47(1)
What should I eat to feel better?
48(2)
How do I stop eating so much food?
50(1)
Is there a good time of day to eat?
51(1)
What about carbohydrates?
52(2)
What about fats?
54(1)
How does obesity affect brain function and development?
55(1)
Why do I like to eat?
56(3)
Why do I crave fat and sugar?
59(1)
Are we born destined to become obese?
59(1)
How do my gut bugs keep my brain healthy?
60(1)
Can a good diet make you smarter?
61(2)
What about an apple a day?
63(1)
Will you lose weight by eating these fruits?
64(1)
Are spices good for my brain?
65(1)
How do flavonoids benefit us?
66(1)
Eat chocolate!
67(3)
Brain toxins in the diet
70(3)
4 Why do I sleep and dream?
73(18)
What is sleep?
73(1)
Why is sleep so important?
74(1)
What other daily rhythms do I experience?
75(1)
What happens when I disrupt these rhythms?
76(2)
How are eating and sleeping related?
78(1)
How does your brain control its rhythms?
78(2)
Why do I sometimes wake up paralyzed?
80(1)
Why do some people act out their dreams?
81(1)
What happens when I am dreaming?
81(2)
Why do I sometimes dream that I am being buried alive?
83(1)
Are children's dreams different?
83(1)
What is a lucid dream?
84(1)
How long do dreams last?
85(1)
Does it matter what time I get up or go to bed?
85(1)
Does it matter who I sleep with?
86(1)
Why do I need that morning cup of coffee?
86(1)
Can I get too much sleep?
87(1)
What if I do not get enough sleep?
88(1)
What happens to sleep with aging?
89(2)
5 How does the brain age?
91(27)
When does age-related senescence begin?
92(1)
When am I going to die?
92(1)
How can I live longer?
93(1)
How does eating age me?
94(2)
How does caloric restriction work?
96(2)
Which brain region suffers the most with aging?
98(1)
How can I reduce inflammation in my brain?
99(3)
What is Parkinson's disease?
102(1)
How does my nervous system change as I get older?
103(1)
What happens to my vision?
104(1)
What happens to my hearing?
104(1)
What happens to my balance?
104(1)
What happens to the taste of food?
105(1)
Why do things feel differently?
105(1)
What can you do to slow aging?
106(1)
How much should you restrict your diet?
106(1)
What is the consequence of being overweight as I get older?
107(2)
What can you do about your aging brain?
109(1)
Do miracle cures for brain aging exist?
109(2)
Why do so many people fall under the spell of charlatans?
111(1)
What about Ginkgo?
112(2)
What is pseudoscience?
114(1)
What is the placebo effect?
114(4)
6 How does my brain accomplish so much?
118(37)
Are near-death visits to heaven real?
122(1)
How do nutrients and drugs get into my brain?
123(1)
How is the cortex organized?
124(1)
Why aren't human brains bigger?
125(1)
How does the cortex develop?
126(1)
How do male and female brains differ?
127(1)
Are bigger brains always better?
128(1)
What is neurogenesis?
129(1)
How do we think so fast?
129(1)
What is multiple sclerosis?
130(1)
Does my brain work perfectly all of the time?
131(1)
What are neurotransmitters and what do they do for me?
132(3)
How is my brain organized?
135(1)
What happens in the front half of my brain?
136(2)
How does my brain produce speech?
138(1)
What happens in the back half of my brain?
139(3)
Why do I daydream?
142(1)
Why does the brain devote so much time to daydreaming?
142(1)
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
143(1)
What is a seizure?
144(2)
What is a hallucination?
146(2)
What is synesthesia?
148(1)
What happens in the parietal lobe?
149(1)
Where is my cingulate gyrus and why should I care?
150(1)
What is "the little brain" and what does it do?
151(2)
How does my right brain talk to my left brain?
153(1)
Final thought
154(1)
Glossary 155(6)
Further Reading 161(10)
Index 171
Gary L. Wenk is a Professor of Psychology & Neuroscience & Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics at the Ohio State University. He is an internationally recognized research investigator of age-related brain disorders, an award-winning educator, and author of more than 220 research articles and chapters, as well as Your Brain On Food: How Chemicals Control Your Thoughts and Feeling (OUP 2014). He served on the faculty of The Johns Hopkins University and was the Director of the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory & Biological Basis of Behavior Program at the National Science Foundation in Washington, D.C. Wenk was elected a Fellow by the American Association for the Advancement of Science for his distinguished contributions in the field of neuropharmacology, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroinflammatory processes. He has been interviewed about his work by Dr. Oz, NPR, WBZ, WJR, CBS, ABC, and CNN.