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Brief History of Archaeology: Classical Times to the Twenty-First Century 3rd edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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, (University of California, USA)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 258 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 520 g, 74 Halftones, black and white; 74 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Dec-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367709449
  • ISBN-13: 9780367709440
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 258 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 520 g, 74 Halftones, black and white; 74 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Dec-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367709449
  • ISBN-13: 9780367709440
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
"A Brief History of Archaeology details early digs as well as covering the development of archaeology as a multidisciplinary science, the modernization of meticulous excavation methods during the twentieth century, and the important discoveries that led to new ideas about the evolution of human societies. Spanning more than two thousand years of history, this short account of the discipline of archaeology tells of spectacular discoveries and the colorful lives of the archaeologists who made them, as wellas of changing theories and current debates in the field. Early research at Stonehenge in Britain, burial mound excavations, and the exploration of Herculaneum and Pompeii culminate in the nineteenth-century debates over human antiquity and the theory ofevolution. The book then moves on to the discovery of the world's pre-industrial civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Central America, the excavations at Troy and Mycenae, the Royal Burials at Ur, Iraq, and the dramatic finding of the pharaoh Tutankhamun in 1922. The book concludes by considering recent sensational discoveries, and exploring the debates over processual and post processual theory which have intrigued archaeologists in the early twenty-first century. The third edition updates this respected introduction to one of the sciences' most fascinating disciplines. A Brief History of Archaeology is a vivid narrative that will engage readers who are new to the discipline, drawing on the authors' extensive experience in the field and classroom"--

A Brief History of Archaeology

details early digs and covers the development of archaeology as a multidisciplinary science, the modernization of meticulous excavation methods during the twentieth century, and the important discoveries that led to new ideas about the evolution of human societies.

Spanning more than two thousand years of history, this short account of the discipline of archaeology tells of spectacular discoveries and the colorful lives of the archaeologists who made them, as well as of changing theories and current debates in the field. Early research at Stonehenge in Britain, burial mound excavations, and the exploration of Herculaneum and Pompeii culminate in the nineteenth-century debates over human antiquity and the theory of evolution. The book then moves on to the discovery of the world’s pre-industrial civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Central America; the excavations at Troy and Mycenae; the Royal Burials at Ur, Iraq; and the dramatic finding of the pharaoh Tutankhamun in 1922. The book concludes by considering recent sensational discoveries and exploring the debates over processual and post-processual theory that have intrigued archaeologists in the early twenty-first century. The third edition updates this respected introduction to one of the science’s most fascinating disciplines.

A Brief History of Archaeology

is a vivid narrative that will engage readers who are new to the discipline, drawing on the authors’ extensive experience in the field and classroom.



A Brief History of Archaeology

details early digs and covers the development of archaeology as a multidisciplinary science, the modernization of meticulous excavation methods during the twentieth century, and the important discoveries that led to new ideas about the evolution of human societies.

List of Figures xii
Preface xvi
Acknowledgments xix
Authors' Note xx
Major Events in the History of Archaeology from A.D. 1600 xxv
1 "The Backward-Looking Curiosity" 1(19)
Beginnings
4(2)
A Past "Five Days Elder Than Ourselves"
6(2)
British Antiquarians
8(2)
Scandinavian Antiquarians
10(1)
Antiquarian Societies
11(1)
Stone Tools and Scriptures
12(2)
Herculaneum and Pompeii
14(2)
Egypt and Mesopotamia
16(1)
Summary
17(1)
Guide to Further Reading
18(2)
2 The Antiquity of Humankind 20(12)
Stratigraphic Geology
21(2)
Humans and Extinct Animals
23(1)
The Scientific Establishment Takes Notice
24(1)
From Skepticism to Acceptance
25(1)
Evolution and Natural Selection: Human Progress
26(2)
Darwin Publishes On the Origin of Species
28(1)
Reactions to the Theory
29(2)
Summary
31(1)
Guide to Further Reading
31(1)
3 Pharaohs and Assyrians 32(13)
Napoleon in Egypt
33(1)
The Decipherment of Hieroglyphs
34(1)
Looters and Archaeologists
35(3)
Discovering the Assyrians
38(1)
Layard at Nimrud and Kuyunjik
39(2)
The Decipherment of Cuneiform
41(1)
Layard Excavates a Palace
42(1)
Summary
43(1)
Guide to Further Reading
44(1)
4 Human Progress and the Three Ages 45(18)
The Enlightenment and Human Progress
46(2)
The Barrow Diggers
48(1)
The Native Americans
49(2)
The Three Ages
51(3)
Three Ages Proven
54(1)
The Swiss Lake Dwellings
55(2)
Cro-Magnon
57(2)
Inevitable Human Progress?
59(1)
Cultural Evolution and Human Progress
60(1)
Summary
61(1)
Guide to Further Reading
62(1)
5 Early American Archaeology 63(19)
The Discovery of Ancient Maya Civilization
64(4)
The Moundbuilders of North America
68(3)
Science, the First Americans, and Moundbuilders
71(3)
The Beginnings of Southwestern Archaeology
74(6)
Summary
80(1)
Guide to Further Reading
80(2)
6 Scriptures and Civilizations 82(20)
Underground Jerusalem
83(1)
The Flood Tablets
84(1)
The Sumerian Civilization
85(3)
Heinrich Schliemann: Troy and Mycenae
88(4)
The Beginnings of Scientific Excavation
92(2)
Flinders Petrie and the Small Object
94(3)
The Discovery of Minoan Civilization
97(3)
Summary
100(1)
Guide to Further Reading
101(1)
7 The Birth of Culture History 102(17)
Lubbock's Prehistoric Times
103(1)
Oscar Montelius and the First Culture History
104(2)
Stratigraphic Archaeology and Culture Change in the Americas
106(5)
Diffusionism
111(1)
Alfred Kidder and Pecos
112(2)
Mesoamerica and the Andes
114(3)
Summary
117(1)
Guide to Further Reading
118(1)
8 Egypt, Iraq, and Beyond 119(19)
Tutankhamun: The Golden Pharaoh
120(3)
Leonard Woolley and Gertrude Bell: Carchemish and Ur
123(5)
Aurel Stein: Archaeology in Central Asia
128(3)
Early Archaeology in Africa
131(4)
Australia and New Zealand
135(1)
Summary
136(1)
Guide to Further Reading
137(1)
9 Archaeology Coming of Age, 1920 to 1950 138(16)
Field Archaeology and Aerial Photography
139(1)
Mortimer Wheeler and Scientific Excavation
140(2)
The Indus Valley Civilization
142(1)
Vere Gordon Childe: Prehistoric Revolutions
143(3)
The Search for Human Origins
146(2)
Australopithecus: The "Southern Ape"
148(2)
Louis and Mary Leakey
150(1)
Excavating a Ghost Ship: Sutton Hoo
151(1)
Summary
152(1)
Guide to Further Reading
153(1)
10 Culture History and Beyond 154(17)
North American Archaeology: Tree Rings and Taxonomy
154(4)
Stratigraphy, Seriation, and Culture History
158(1)
Grahame Clark and the Birth of Ecological Archaeology
159(4)
Julian Steward and Cultural Ecology
163(1)
Settlement Archaeology in the Americas
164(1)
The Dead Sea Scrolls
165(2)
The Sepulcher of the Maya Lord Pacal
167(1)
Functional Archaeology
168(1)
Summary
169(1)
Guide to Further Reading
170(1)
11 Radiocarbon Dating and World Prehistory 171(22)
W.W. Taylor's A Study of Archaeology
172(1)
Multidisciplinary Research
173(2)
Radiocarbon Dating
175(1)
New
Chapters in Human Evolution
176(6)
The Pazyryk Horsemen
182(1)
Tollund and the Bog People
183(1)
Olsen-Chubbock: A Paleo-Indian Bison Kill
184(2)
A Global Prehistory
186(2)
Grahame Clark's World Prehistory
188(1)
Salvage Archaeology
189(1)
Summary
190(1)
Guide to Further Reading
191(2)
12 The "New Archaeology"? 193(18)
Multilinear Evolution
194(2)
Processual Archaeology: Cultural Systems and Cultural Process
196(1)
A "New" Approach
197(2)
Middle-Range Theory and Ethnoarchaeology
199(1)
Reaction and Legacy
200(3)
Underwater Archaeology
203(1)
More
Chapters in Human Evolution
204(1)
Major Archaeological Discoveries of the 1960s and 1970s
205(4)
Summary
209(1)
Guide to Further Reading
210(1)
13 After Processualism 211(21)
Postprocessual Archaeology
214(1)
The Contributions of Postprocessual Archaeology
215(1)
Social Inequality and Ethnicity
215(1)
Social Inequality
216(2)
Ethnicity
218(1)
Gender
219(4)
Stakeholders and Stewardship
223(1)
Public Archaeology
224(1)
Community Archaeology
224(1)
Cognitive Archaeology
225(2)
High-tech Archaeology and Beyond
227(3)
Summary
230(1)
Guide to Further Reading
230(2)
14 The Future 232(8)
Discoveries
233(2)
Archaeological Method and Theory
235(1)
Stakeholders and Community Archaeology
236(1)
Sustainability
236(1)
External Influences on Academic Archaeology
237(1)
Conservation and Public Outreach
237(1)
Summary
238(1)
Guide to Further Reading
239(1)
Glossary: Archaeological Sites and Cultural Terms 240(8)
References 248(2)
Index 250
Nadia Durrani is a Cambridge University-trained archaeologist and writer, with a Ph.D. from University College London. She is the editor and founder of Past Worlds magazine, former editor of two of Britains leading archaeology magazines, and author and editor of many books and articles on world archaeology.

Brian M. Fagan is one of the worlds leading archaeological writers and an internationally recognized authority on world prehistory. He is Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara.