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E-grāmata: BSL3 and BSL4 Agents: Epidemiology, Microbiology and Practical Guidelines

Edited by (University of East London, London, UK), Edited by (University Medicine, Gottingen, Germany), Edited by (Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit,Jena,Ge), Edited by (VAR-CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-May-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527645107
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BSL3 and BSL4 Agents: Epidemiology, Microbiology and Practical GuidelinesPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-May-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527645107
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In one handy book, this reference gathers all the necessary information on 14 of the most commonly used dangerous groups of pathogens in biosafety level 3 and 4 laboratories. All the chapters are uniformly structured, with a brief overview of the microbiology, pathology, epidemiology and detection methods for each group.

In one handy book, this reference gathers all the necessary information on 14 of the most commonly used dangerous groups of pathogens in biosafety level 3 and 4 laboratories. All the chapters are uniformly structured, with a brief overview of the microbiology, pathology, epidemiology and detection methods for each group. In addition, a whole chapter is devoted to the special biosafety requirements, disinfection, decontamination protocols, accident literature and accident procedures, as well as treatment options for all the organisms. This chapter is clearly marked and easy to find when opening the book.
Essential literature for the increasing number of BSL3 or BSL4 labs worldwide and for medical facilities intervening in the case of an incident.
Acknowledgment xix
Preface xxi
List of Contributors
xxiii
PART A Pathogens
1(2)
PART I Bacteria
3(170)
1 Bacillus anthracis: Anthrax
5(14)
Markus Antwerpen
Paola Pilo
Pierre Wattiau
Patrick Butaye
Joachim Frey
Dimitrios Frangoulidis
1.1 Introduction
5(1)
1.2 Characteristics of the Agent
5(1)
1.3 Diagnosis
6(6)
1.3.1 Phenotypical Identification
6(1)
1.3.2 Growth Characteristics
6(1)
1.3.3 Antibiotic Resistance
7(1)
1.3.4 Phage Testing and Biochemistry
8(1)
1.3.5 Antigen Detection
8(1)
1.3.6 Molecular Identification
8(1)
1.3.6.1 Virulence Plasmid pXO1
8(2)
1.3.6.2 Virulence Plasmid pX02
10(1)
1.3.7 Chromosome
10(1)
1.3.8 MLVA, SNR, and SNP Typing
11(1)
1.3.9 Serological Investigations
11(1)
1.4 Pathogenesis
12(1)
1.4.1 Animals
12(1)
1.4.2 Humans
12(1)
1.5 Clinical and Pathological Findings
13(2)
1.5.1 Oropharyngeal Anthrax
14(1)
1.5.2 Abdominal or Intestinal Anthrax
14(1)
1.5.3 Inhalational or Pulmonary Anthrax
14(1)
1.6 Epidemiology
15(1)
1.7 Conclusion
15(1)
References
16(3)
2 Brucella Species: Brucellosis
19(18)
Sally J. Cutler
Michel S. Zygmunt
Bruno Garin-Bastuji
2.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.2 Characteristics of the Agent
20(2)
2.3 Diagnosis
22(4)
2.3.1 Immunological Approaches
25(1)
2.3.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays
25(1)
2.4 Pathogenesis
26(1)
2.5 Clinical and Pathological Findings
27(2)
2.6 Epidemiology, Molecular Typing, and Control Strategies
29(2)
2.6.1 Epidemiology
29(1)
2.6.2 Molecular Typing Methods
29(2)
2.6.3 Control Strategies
31(1)
2.7 Conclusions
31(1)
References
32(5)
3 Burkholderia mallei: Glanders
37(10)
Lisa D. Sprague
Mandy C. Elschner
3.1 Introduction
37(1)
3.2 Characteristics of the Agent
37(1)
3.3 Diagnosis
38(2)
3.3.1 Cultural Identification
38(1)
3.3.2 Molecular Based Methods
39(1)
3.3.3 Antigen Detection
39(1)
3.3.4 Serology
39(1)
3.4 Clinical and Pathological Findings in Humans
40(1)
3.5 Clinical and Pathological Findings in Animals
41(1)
3.6 Epidemiology
42(1)
3.7 Molecular Typing
43(1)
3.8 Conclusions
43(1)
References
43(4)
4 Burkholderia pseudomallei: Melioidosis
47(10)
Lisa D. Sprague
Mandy C. Elschner
4.1 Introduction
47(1)
4.2 Characteristics of the Agent
47(1)
4.3 Diagnosis
48(2)
4.3.1 Cultural Identification
48(1)
4.3.2 Antigen Detection
49(1)
4.3.3 Molecular Based Methods
49(1)
4.3.4 Serology
49(1)
4.4 Clinical and Pathological Findings in Humans
50(1)
4.5 Clinical and Pathological Findings in Animals
50(2)
4.6 Epidemiology
52(1)
4.6.1 Molecular Typing
52(1)
4.7 Conclusions
52(1)
References
53(4)
5 Coxiella burnetii: Q Fever
57(14)
Matthias Hanczaruk
Sally J. Cutler
Rudolf Toman
Dimitrios Frangoulidis
5.1 Introduction
57(1)
5.2 Characteristics of the Agent
58(1)
5.3 Diagnosis
59(3)
5.3.1 Direct Detection
59(1)
5.3.2 C. burnetii Cultivation
59(1)
5.3.3 Detection of C. burnetii Specific DNA
60(1)
5.3.4 Serology
61(1)
5.4 Pathogenesis
62(1)
5.5 Clinical and Pathological Findings
63(1)
5.5.1 Acute Q Fever
63(1)
5.5.2 Chronic Q Fever
64(1)
5.6 Epidemiology, Including Molecular Typing
64(2)
5.6.1 Plasmid Types
64(1)
5.6.2 RFLP
65(1)
5.6.3 IS1111 Typing
65(1)
5.6.4 Multispacer Sequence Typing
65(1)
5.6.5 MLVA Typing
66(1)
5.7 Conclusion
66(1)
References
66(5)
6 Francisella tularensis: Tularemia
71(14)
Anders Johansson
Herbert Tomaso
Plamen Padeshki
Anders Sjostedt
Nigel Silman
Paola Pilo
6.1 Introduction
72(1)
6.2 Characteristics of the Agent
72(1)
6.3 Diagnosis
72(1)
6.3.1 Serology
72(1)
6.3.2 Direct Isolation
72(1)
6.3.3 Phenotypical Characteristics
73(1)
6.3.4 Molecular Biology Tools for Identification
73(1)
6.4 Pathogenesis
73(1)
6.5 Clinical and Pathological Findings
74(3)
6.5.1 Animals
74(1)
6.5.2 Humans
74(3)
6.6 Epidemiology and Molecular Typing
77(2)
6.7 Conclusion
79(1)
References
80(5)
7 Yersinia pestis: Plague
85(38)
Anne Laudisoit
Werner Ruppitsch
Anna Stoeger
Ariane Pietzka
7.1 Introduction
85(3)
7.2 Characteristics of the Agent
88(5)
7.2.1 The Plague Bacterium: Yersinia pestis
88(1)
7.2.1.1 Yersinia pestis Microbiology
89(1)
7.2.1.2 Yersinia pestis Virulence Markers and Pathogenesis
89(1)
7.2.1.3 Chromosomal Virulence Genes
90(2)
7.2.1.4 Yersinia pestis Variants
92(1)
7.2.2 Molecular Typing
92(1)
7.3 Pathogenesis
93(5)
7.3.1 Clinical and Pathological Signs
93(2)
7.3.2 Diagnosis
95(1)
7.3.2.1 Plague Prevention and Treatment
96(1)
7.3.3 Plague as a Biological Weapon
97(1)
7.4 Epidemiology
98(11)
7.4.1 Plague Distribution Today
99(1)
7.4.2 Plague in Its Historical Perspective
100(2)
7.4.3 An Updated Plague Cycle?
102(1)
7.4.3.1 Flea-Borne Plague Transmission
103(4)
7.4.4 Classical Plague Cycle
107(2)
7.5 Conclusion
109(1)
References
110(13)
8 Rickettsia Species: Rickettsioses
123(26)
Alice N. Maina
Stephanie Speck
Eva Spitalska
Rudolf Toman
Gerhard Dobler
Sally J. Cutler
8.1 Introduction
123(1)
8.2 Characteristics of the Agent
124(2)
8.3 Phylogenetic Classification of Rickettsiae
126(4)
8.3.1 Typhus Fever Group
126(2)
8.3.2 Spotted Fever Group
128(1)
8.3.3 Transitional Group Rickettsiae
129(1)
8.3.4 Ancestral Group Rickettsiae
129(1)
8.4 Diagnosis
130(4)
8.4.1 Clinical Diagnosis
130(1)
8.4.2 Laboratory Diagnostics
131(3)
8.5 Pathogenesis
134(4)
8.5.1 Clinical and Pathological Findings
136(2)
8.6 Epidemiology
138(4)
8.7 Conclusions
142(1)
Acknowledgments
142(1)
References
143(6)
9 Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Tuberculosis
149(24)
Stefan Panaiotov
Massimo Amicosante
Marc Govaerts
Patrick Butaye
Elizabeta Bachiyska
Nadia Brankova
Victoria Levterova
9.1 Introduction
149(1)
9.2 Diagnostic Microbiology of Mycobacteria
150(1)
9.3 Staining and Microscopic Examination
151(1)
9.4 Cultivation of Mycobacteria
152(1)
9.5 Identification of Mycobacteria from Culture
153(1)
9.6 Identification of Mycobacteria Directly from Clinical Specimens
154(1)
9.7 Immunological Tests for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
155(2)
9.8 Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis
157(3)
9.9 Theoretical Principles of Typing
160(1)
9.10 Performance Criteria Applied in Selecting the Method for Molecular Typing of Microorganisms
160(1)
9.10.1 Reproducibility
160(1)
9.10.2 Discriminatory Power
160(1)
9.10.3 Typeability
161(1)
9.11 Genetic Elements in M. tuberculosis that Contribute to DNA Polymorphism: Current Methods Applied for Genotyping of M. tuberculosis
161(1)
9.12 IS6110-RFLP Analysis
161(1)
9.13 Spacer Oligonucleotide Typing -- Spoligotyping
162(1)
9.14 VNTR and MIRU Analysis
163(2)
9.15 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
165(1)
9.16 The Clustering Question?
166(1)
9.17 Conclusions
167(1)
References
167(6)
PART II Viruses
173(118)
10 Influenza Virus: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
175(26)
Chantal J. Snoeck
Nancy A. Gerloff
Radu I. Tanasa
F. Xavier Abad
Claude P. Muller
10.1 Introduction
175(1)
10.2 Characteristics of the Agent
175(2)
10.2.1 Nomenclature
175(1)
10.2.2 Genome and Protein Structure
176(1)
10.2.3 Viral Replication
176(1)
10.2.4 Antigenic Drift and Antigenic Shift
176(1)
10.3 Pathogenesis
177(2)
10.3.1 Reservoir
177(1)
10.3.2 Low and Highly Pathogenic Influenza Viruses
177(1)
10.3.3 Molecular Determinants of Pathogenicity
178(1)
10.4 Clinical and Pathological Findings
179(2)
10.4.1 HPAI (H5N1) Infection in Animals
179(1)
10.4.2 HPAI (H5N1) Infection in Humans
180(1)
10.5 Diagnosis
181(1)
10.5.1 Direct Diagnosis
181(1)
10.5.2 Indirect Diagnosis
181(1)
10.5.3 Pathotyping
182(1)
10.6 Evolution and Geographic Spread of HPAI (H5N1) Viruses
182(5)
10.6.1 Chronology of H5N1 Virus
182(1)
10.6.1.1 First Wave
182(1)
10.6.1.2 Second Wave
183(1)
10.6.1.3 Third Wave
183(2)
10.6.2 Focus on Africa
185(2)
10.7 Epidemiology of Other Influenza Subtypes
187(1)
10.7.1 HPAI Virus Outbreaks
187(1)
10.7.2 LPAI Virus Outbreaks
188(1)
10.8 Conclusion
188(1)
References
189(12)
11 Variola: Smallpox
201(10)
Andreas Nitsche
Hermann Meyer
11.1 Introduction
201(1)
11.2 Variola Virus
201(1)
11.3 Human Monkeypox
202(1)
11.4 Vaccinia Virus
203(1)
11.5 Cowpox Virus
203(1)
11.6 Collection of Specimens
204(1)
11.7 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
204(1)
11.8 Evaluation of Real-Time PCR Assays
205(1)
11.9 Real-Time PCR Assays with Hybridization Probes
206(1)
11.10 Real-Time PCR Assays with 5' Nuclease Probes
207(1)
11.11 Other Real-Time PCR Formats
208(1)
11.12 Conclusions
209(1)
References
209(2)
12 Arenaviruses: Hemorrhagic Fevers
211(26)
Amy C. Shurtleff
Steven B. Bradfute
Sheli R. Radoshitzky
Peter B. Jahrling
Jens H. Kuhn
Sina Bavari
12.1 Characteristics
211(1)
12.2 Epidemiology
212(2)
12.2.1 Old World Arenaviruses
212(1)
12.2.2 New World Arenaviruses
213(1)
12.3 Clinical Signs
214(1)
12.3.1 Old World Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers
214(1)
12.3.2 New World Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers
214(1)
12.4 Pathological Findings
215(3)
12.4.1 Old World Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers
215(2)
12.4.2 New World Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers
217(1)
12.5 Pathogenesis of Old and New World Hemorrhagic Fevers
218(5)
12.6 Diagnostics
223(1)
12.6.1 Serological Tests
223(1)
12.7 PCR
224(1)
12.7.1 Virus Culture and Antigen Testing
224(1)
12.8 Disclaimer
224(1)
References
224(13)
13 Filoviruses: Hemorrhagic Fevers
237(16)
Victoria Wahl-Jensen
Sheli R. Radoshitzky
Sina Bavari
Peter B. Jahrling
Jens H. Kuhn
13.1 Characteristics
237(2)
13.2 Epidemiology
239(3)
13.3 Clinical Signs
242(1)
13.4 Pathological Findings
243(2)
13.5 Pathogenesis
245(1)
13.6 Diagnostic Procedures
246(1)
13.7 Disclaimer
247(1)
References
247(6)
14 Bunyavirus: Hemorrhagic Fevers
253(38)
Introduction
253(2)
14.1 Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: an Enzootic Tick Borne Virus Causing Severe Disease in Man
255(4)
Ali Mirazimi
14.1.1 Introduction
255(1)
14.1.2 Characteristics
256(1)
14.1.3 Epidemiology
256(1)
14.1.4 Clinical and Pathological Findings
257(1)
14.1.5 Pathogenesis
257(1)
14.1.6 Diagnosis
258(1)
14.1.6.1 Virus Isolation
259(1)
14.1.6.2 Molecular Methods
259(1)
14.1.6.3 Antigen Detection
259(1)
14.1.6.4 Serology
259(1)
References
259(4)
14.2 Rift Valley Fever Virus: a Promiscuous Vector Borne Virus
263(5)
Manfred Weidmann
F. Xavier Abad
Janusz T. Paweska
14.2.1 Introduction
263(1)
14.2.2 Characteristics of the Agent
263(1)
14.2.3 Epidemiology
264(1)
14.2.4 Clinical and Pathological Findings in Humans
265(1)
14.2.5 Prophylaxis and Treatment
265(1)
14.2.6 Pathogenesis
266(1)
14.2.7 Diagnosis and Surveillance
267(1)
14.2.8 Conclusions
268(1)
References
268(5)
14.3 Hantaviruses: the Most Widely Distributed Zoonotic Viruses on Earth
273(8)
Jonas Klingstrom
14.3.1 Introduction
273(1)
14.3.2 Characteristics of the Agent
274(2)
14.3.3 Epidemiology
276(1)
14.3.4 Clinical Findings
277(1)
14.3.4.1 HFRS
277(1)
14.3.4.2 HCPS
278(1)
14.3.5 Pathogenesis
279(1)
14.3.6 Diagnosis
279(1)
14.3.6.1 Serology
279(1)
14.3.6.2 Virus Detection
280(1)
References
281(10)
PART B Practical Guidelines
291(2)
PART I Bacteria
293(33)
1 Bacillus anthracis
295(3)
Markus Antwerpen
Paola Pilo
Pierre Wattiau
Patrick Butaye
Joachim Frey
Dimitrios Frangoulidis
Recommended Respiratory Protection
295(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
295(1)
Best Disinfection
295(1)
Surface and Equipment
295(1)
Skin/Wound Disinfection
296(1)
Best Decontamination
296(1)
Prevention
296(1)
Case Reports, Ongoing Clinical Trials
296(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
296(1)
Known Laboratory Accidents
296(1)
Procedure Recommended in the Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
297(1)
Treatment of Disease
297(1)
Clinical Guidelines
297(1)
2 Brucella Species
298(3)
Sally J. Cutler
Michel S. Zygmunt
Bruno Garin-Bastuji
Recommended Respiratory Protection
298(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
298(1)
Best Disinfection
298(1)
Best Decontamination
299(1)
Prevention
299(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
299(1)
Known Laboratory Accidents
299(1)
Procedure Recommended in Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
300(1)
Treatment of Disease
300(1)
Clinical Guidelines
300(1)
3 Burkholderia mallei: Glanders
301(2)
Lisa D. Sprague
Mandy C. Elschner
Recommended Respiratory Protection
301(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
301(1)
Best Disinfection
301(1)
Best Decontamination
301(1)
Prevention
301(1)
Case Reports, Ongoing Clinical Trials
302(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
302(1)
Known Laboratory Accidents
302(1)
Procedure Recommended in Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
302(1)
Treatment of Disease
302(1)
Clinical Guidelines
302(1)
References
302(1)
4 Burkholderia pseudomallei: Melioidosis
303(3)
Lisa D. Sprague
Mandy C. Elschner
Recommended Respiratory Protection
303(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
303(1)
Best Disinfection
303(1)
Best Decontamination
303(1)
Prevention
303(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
304(1)
Known Laboratory Accidents
304(1)
Procedure Recommended in Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
304(1)
Treatment of Disease
304(1)
Clinical Guidelines
304(1)
References
305(1)
5 Coxiella burnetii: Q Fever
306(3)
Matthias Hanczaruk
Sally J. Cutler
Rudolf Toman
Dimitrios Frangoulidis
Recommended Respiratory Protection
306(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
306(1)
Best Disinfection
306(1)
Surface and Equipment
306(1)
Skin Disinfection
307(1)
Best Decontamination
307(1)
Prevention
307(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
307(1)
Known Laboratory Accidents
307(1)
Procedure Recommended in Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
308(1)
Treatment of Disease
308(1)
Clinical Guidelines
308(1)
6 Francisella tularensis: Tularemia
309(3)
Anders Johansson
Herbert Tomaso
Plamen Padeshki
Anders Sjostedt
Nigel Silman
Paola Pilo
Recommended Respiratory Protection
309(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
309(1)
Best Disinfection/Decontamination
309(1)
Prevention
310(1)
Case Reports, Ongoing Clinical Trials
310(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
310(1)
Known Laboratory Accidents
310(1)
Procedure Recommended in Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
310(1)
Treatment of Disease
311(1)
Clinical Guidelines
311(1)
References
311(1)
7 Yersinia pestis: Plague
312(6)
Anne Laudisoit
Werner Ruppitsch
Anna Stoeger
Ariane Pietzka
Recommended Respiratory Protection
312(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
312(1)
Best Disinfection
312(1)
Surface and Equipment
312(1)
Best Decontamination
313(1)
Skin/Wound Disinfection
313(1)
Prevention
313(1)
Case Reports, Ongoing Clinical Trials
313(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
314(1)
Known Laboratory Accidents
314(1)
Procedure Recommended in Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
314(1)
Treatment of Disease
314(1)
Prophylactic Therapy
315(1)
Clinical Guidelines
315(1)
References
316(2)
8 Rickettsia Species: Rickettsioses
318(4)
Alice N. Maina
Stephanie Speck
Eva Spitalska
Rudolf Toman
Gerhard Dobler
Sally J. Cutler
Recommended Respiratory Protection
318(1)
Recommend Personal Protective Equipment
318(1)
Best Disinfection
319(1)
Best Decontamination
319(1)
Prevention
319(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
319(1)
Known Laboratory Accidents
319(1)
Procedure Recommended in Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
320(1)
Treatment of Disease
320(1)
Clinical Guidelines
320(1)
References
320(2)
9 Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Tuberculosis
322(4)
Stefan Panaiotov
Massimo Amicosante
Marc Govaerts
Patrick Butaye
Elizabeta Bachiyska
Nadia Brankova
Victoria Levterova
Recommended Respiratory Protection
322(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
322(1)
Best Disinfection
323(1)
Surface and Equipment
323(1)
Best Decontamination
323(1)
Prevention
323(1)
Ongoing Clinical Trials
323(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
324(1)
Known Laboratory Accidents
324(1)
Procedure Recommended in Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
324(1)
Treatment of Disease
324(1)
Clinical Guidelines
324(1)
References
325(1)
PART II Viruses
326(35)
10 Influenza Virus: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
328(6)
Chantal J. Snoeck
Claude P. Muller
Recommended Respiratory Protection
328(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
328(1)
Best Disinfection
329(1)
Best Decontamination
329(1)
Prevention
329(1)
Vaccines with Marketing Authorization from the European Medicines Agency
330(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
330(1)
Procedure Recommended in Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
331(1)
Treatment of Disease
331(1)
References
331(3)
11 Variola: Smallpox
334(4)
Andreas Nitsche
Hermann Meyer
Recommended Respiratory Protection
334(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
334(1)
Best Disinfection
334(1)
Best Decontamination
335(1)
Prevention
335(1)
Case Reports, Ongoing Clinical Trials
335(1)
Post Exposure
335(1)
Laboratory Accidents
336(1)
Procedure Recommended in Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
336(1)
Treatment of Disease
336(1)
References
337(1)
12 Arenaviruses: Hemorrhagic Fevers
338(6)
Amy C. Shurtleff
Steven B. Bradjute
Sheli R. Radoshitzky
Peter B. Jahrling
Jens H. Kuhn
Sina Bavari
Category
338(1)
Recommended Respiratory Protection and Personal Protective Equipment
338(1)
Best Disinfection
339(1)
Best Decontamination
340(1)
Prevention
340(1)
Laboratory Accidents
341(1)
Procedure Recommended in the Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Accident
341(1)
Treatment of Disease
342(1)
References
342(2)
13 Filoviruses: Hemorrhagic Fevers
344(6)
Victoria Wahl-Jensen
Sheli R. Radoshitzky
Sina Bavari
Peter B. Jahrling
Jens H. Kuhn
Recommended Respiratory Protection and Particular Personal Protective Equipment
344(1)
Disinfection/Decontamination
344(1)
Prevention
345(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
345(1)
Laboratory Accidents
346(1)
Procedure Recommended in the Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
346(1)
Accident with Personnel Involvement
346(1)
Treatment of Disease
346(1)
References
347(3)
14 Bunyavirus
350(11)
14.1 Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
351(1)
Ali Mirazimi
Recommended Respiratory Protection
351(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
351(1)
Best Disinfection
351(1)
Best Decontamination
351(1)
Prevention
352(1)
Case Reports
352(1)
Laboratory Accidents
352(1)
Procedure Recommended in the Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
352(1)
Treatment of Disease
352(1)
Clinical Guidelines
353(1)
4.2 Rift Valley Fever Virus: a Promiscuous Vector Borne Virus
354(1)
Manfred Weidmann
F. Xavier Abad
Janusz T. Paweska
Recommended Respiratory Protection
354(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
354(1)
Best Disinfection
354(1)
Best Decontamination
355(1)
Prevention
355(1)
Known Laboratory Accidents
356(1)
Procedure Recommended in the Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
356(1)
Treatment of Disease
356(1)
References
356(2)
14.3 Hantaviruses: the Most Widely Distributed Zoonotic Viruses on Earth
358(1)
Jonas Klingstrom
Recommended Respiratory Protection
358(1)
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
358(1)
Best Disinfection
358(1)
Best Decontamination
358(1)
Prevention
359(1)
Post Exposure Prophylaxis Available?
359(1)
Laboratory Accidents
359(1)
Procedure Recommended in the Case of Laboratory Spill or Other Type of Accident
359(1)
Treatment of Disease
359(1)
Clinical Guidelines
359(1)
References
360(1)
Index 361
Mandy C. Elschner is a researcher at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany. She leads the working group "BSL 3-agents" and is the head of the Reference Laboratories for Glanders and Anthrax. She obtained her academic degree at the University of Leipzig and authored and co-authored in 25 national and international publications.

Patrick Butaye is a senior researcher active at the Veterinary and Agrochemical Research center and a professor at the University of Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary medicine. He obtained his academic degrees at the University of Ghent. He authored and co-authored in more than 70 international scientific publications.

Sally Cutler is a Reader in Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases at the University of East London. She gained her PhD from Imperial College, University of London on the epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis in the UK. She has since specialized in bacterial zoonoses including relapsing fever borreliosis, leptospirosis, rickettsiosis, brucellosis and Q fever. Much of her research is collaborative with developing countries. She has authored over 60 scientific publications, serves on the editorial panel of two journals (Clinical Microbiology & Infection and Ticks & Tick-Borne Diseases) and was a recipient of the W.H. Pierce prize.

Manfred Weidmann is a senior scientist at the Department of Virology of the University Medical Center Göttingen Germany. He obtained his degree from the Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz working on the pathogenesis of Clostridium difficille. Ever since he has worked on developing rapid diagnostic tools for the detection of arboviruses and haemorrhagic fever viruses in cooperation with partners from third world countries. He obtained the 2003 Abbot Diagnostic Award. He authored and co-authored 28 international scientific publications.
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