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E-grāmata: Budgeting for Local Governments and Communities [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(Portland State University, USA), (Portland State University, USA), (Portland State University, USA), (Budget and Performance Management Bureau, Long Beach, California, USA)
  • Formāts: 608 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Sep-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781315716534
  • Taylor & Francis e-book
  • Cena: 173,42 €*
  • * this price gives unlimited concurrent access for unlimited time
  • Standarta cena: 247,75 €
  • Ietaupiet 30%
  • Formāts: 608 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Sep-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781315716534
This text is designed to serve as a primary textbook for a course in public budgeting and finance in public administration. The textbook features sections devoted to general concepts of local public budgeting, revenues and budgeting, expenditure formats for decision and control, and executive priorities, budget adoption, and implementation. The authors have paid special attention to integrating theory and practice throughout,covering budgeting as a central political activity and the legal, historical, and moral foundations of budgeting. Web resources including datasets and budgeting exercises are provided. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

This exceptionally comprehensive and well written book is designed as the primary textbook for a quarter or semester-long course in public budgeting and finance in an MPA program. Many currently available texts for this course suffer from a combination of defects that include a focus on federal and state budgeting, a lack of a theoretical governance framework, an omission of important topics, and typically a lack of exercises and datasets for student use. Budgeting for Local Governments and Communities solves all of these problems.

Budgeting for Local Governments and Communities is designed as the primary textbook for a quarter or semester-long course in public budgeting and finance in an MPA programme.

Many currently available texts for this course suffer from a combination of defects that include a focus on federal and state budgeting, a lack of a theoretical governance framework, an omission of important topics, and typically a lack of exercises and datasets for student use. Budgeting for Local Governments and Communities solves all of these problems.

The book is exceptionally comprehensive and well written, and represents the efforts of veteran authors with both teaching and real-world experience.
  • Key Features:
  • Special Focus on Local Government Budgeting: focuses exclusively on budgeting at the local levels of American government, which are responsible for spending 40 percent of the taxes collected from citizens.
  • Integration of Theory and Practice: teaching cases and chapters capture the "lessons learned" by professional practitioners who have extensive experience in making local public budgeting work on the ground.< /li>
  • Polity Approach to Local Budgeting: presents an introduction to local budgeting as the central political activity that integrates the resources of the community into a unified whole. Budgeting is presented as governance work, rather than as a unique set of skills possessed by analysts and financial specialists.
  • Legal, Historical, Economic and Moral Foundations of Local Government Budgeting: provides readers with an understanding of how the structures and processes of local budgeting systems are firmly tethered to the underlying core values, legal principles and historical development of the larger American federal, state and local political systems.
  • Electronic Datasets and Budgeting Exercises: the text includes access to extensive electronic datasets and practice exercises that provide abundant opportunities for students to "learn through doing."
  • Extensive Glossary and Bibliography: covers terms on the history and practice of local public budgeting.
Preface and Acknowledgments xi
Part I. General Concepts Of Local Public Budgeting
Teaching Case: A Case of Drastically Falling Nonprofit Revenues
3(8)
1 Local Public Budgeting and the Challenges of Decentralized Governance
11(42)
Three Scenarios
11(3)
The Unique Role of Local Governments in Building Democratic Legitimacy
14(17)
The Perfect Financial Storm: A Transformational Opportunity
31(7)
The Unique Politics of Local Public Budgeting
38(3)
Polity Budgeting: Building Local Communities
41(9)
Study Questions
50(1)
Notes
51(2)
2 Local Public Budgeting and Democratic Theory
53(32)
Understanding Public Budgeting in the Context of Democratic Theory
53(2)
Conflicting Theories of Local Democratic Governance in the United States
55(13)
The Political Economy of Public Budgeting: Extending the Federalist/Anti-Federalist Debate
68(8)
A Theory of Governance to Ground Local Public Budgeting
76(5)
Study Questions
81(2)
Notes
83(2)
3 The Multiple Purposes of Public Budgeting
85(12)
The History of Public Budgeting as a Guide to Budget Purposes
86(2)
Public Budgeting as a Governing Tool to Test Political Responsiveness
88(1)
Public Budgeting as Financial Accountability
89(1)
Public Budgeting as Managerial Accountability
90(1)
Public Budgeting as a Communications Tool
91(1)
Public Budgeting as an Opportunity to Plan, Set, and Coordinate Policy Priorities
92(1)
Public Budgeting as an Influence on the Economy
93(1)
The Consequences of Multiple Purposes of Public Budgets
94(1)
The Special Challenges of Nonprofit Organizations
95(1)
Study Questions
96(1)
Note
96(1)
4 Budget Actors: Conflicting Perspectives
97(24)
Role Responsibilities of the Budget Actors
98(17)
Budget Actor Role Conflicts: Implications for Democratic Governance
115(2)
Study Questions
117(2)
Notes
119(2)
5 The Budget Cycle: Characteristics and Consequences
121(32)
How Well Does the Budget Process Organize Activities of Participants?
123(5)
How Does the Budget Process Align with the Scale and Needs of the Jurisdiction?
128(14)
How Well Does the Budget Process Respond to the Needs and Goals of Process Participants?
142(5)
How Well Does the Budget Process Meet the Test of Technical Integrity?
147(1)
How Well Does the Budget Process Respond to Changing Conditions?
147(1)
How Well Does the Budget Process Coordinate with Polity Partners?
148(1)
Summary of Budget Process Characteristics and Implications
149(1)
Study Questions
150(1)
Notes
150(3)
Part II. Revenues And Budgeting
Teaching Case: Commissioners Request Recommendations on a Public Safety Services Levy
153(8)
6 Obtaining Governmental Revenues
161(34)
Sources of Local Government Revenues
162(21)
Revenue Blends to Support Local Governments
183(10)
Conclusion: Leadership Challenge to Raise and Stabilize Revenues
193(1)
Study Questions
193(1)
Notes
194(1)
7 Forecasting Governmental Revenues: Techniques and Limitations
195(24)
Revenue Forecasting to Build Credibility
196(5)
Overview of Revenue Estimation Techniques
201(7)
Property Tax Mechanics and Revenue Forecasts
208(4)
Property Tax Limitations and Limitation Effects
212(4)
Revenue Forecasting Summary
216(1)
Study Questions
217(1)
Note
218(1)
8 Polity Revenues and Governance Decisions
219(24)
Historical Trends in Nonprofit Revenues
220(1)
Nonprofit Organization Resources
221(6)
Donor Intentions in Charitable and Philanthropic Giving
227(4)
Transitions in Fundraising
231(2)
Community-Level Resources: Financing the Polity
233(3)
Tax Relief for Social Justice and Economic Growth
236(5)
Administrative Leadership to Build Public Revenues
241(1)
Study Questions
241(1)
Notes
242(1)
9 Budget Funds Organize the Public Budget
243(14)
Accounting Funds: Reservoirs and Flows
244(8)
Accounting Bases: Perspectives to Define Information
252(2)
Nonprofit Accounting Differences
254(2)
How Accounting Concepts Help to Clarify Budget Options and Build Public Confidence
256(1)
Study Questions
256(1)
Note
256(1)
10 Budget Planning: Preparing the Organization and Community to Budget
257(34)
Organizational Planning to Meet Efficiency and Effectiveness Expectations
260(12)
Political Planning
272(6)
Polity Planning
278(8)
Summary
286(1)
Study Questions
287(1)
Notes
288(3)
Part III. Expenditure Formats For Decision And Control
Teaching Case: A New Mayor Mandates Performance-Based Budgeting
291(8)
Introduction: Expenditure Formats for Decision and Control
299(4)
11 Line-Item (Object Code) Budgeting
303(20)
Origins and Purpose
308(1)
Characteristics of Line-Item Budgeting: Base, Incrementalism, and Fair Share
309(2)
Line-Item Behavior and Techniques
311(8)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Line-Item Budgeting
319(1)
Conclusion
320(1)
Study Questions
320(1)
Note
321(2)
12 Planning, Programming, Budgeting System (PPBS) Format
323(22)
Origins and Purpose of Program Budgeting
323(2)
Example of PPBS: Community Corrections
325(1)
Key Elements of Program Budgeting
326(9)
Organizing Objectives into a Program
335(3)
Program Budget Exercise
338(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Program Budgeting
338(6)
Study Questions
344(1)
Notes
344(1)
13 Performance Budgeting
345(32)
The Technique of Performance Budgeting
346(10)
Historical Perspective on Performance-Based Budgeting and Governance
356(9)
Redeeming Performance from Ideology: What Local Governments Can Do to Make Performance Budgeting Successful
365(6)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Performance Budgeting
371(4)
Conclusion
375(1)
Study Questions
375(1)
Notes
376(1)
14 Public-Sector Innovation and Zero-Base Budgeting
377(24)
Zero-Base Budgeting: A Format to Incentivize Innovation
378(1)
The Origins and Purpose of Zero-Base Budgeting
379(1)
Zero-Base Budget Example
380(8)
Key Elements of Zero-Base Budgeting
388(7)
Ranking Approaches
395(1)
ZBB Exercise Guidelines
396(1)
Summary: Strengths and Weaknesses of Zero-Base Budgeting
396(4)
Study Questions
400(1)
Note
400(1)
Part III Summary: The Comparative Strengths of Budgeting Formats and Their Contributions to Democratic Governance
401(10)
Part IV. Executive Priorities, Budget Adoption, And Implementation
Teaching Case: Negotiations with City Unions Threaten to Disrupt the Budget Process
411(10)
Teaching Case: County Board Consideration of a Capital Project That Could Jeopardize the County Credit Rating
417(4)
15 Executive Budget Preparation and Legislative Body Approval
421(34)
Summary Overview: Balancing Competing Tensions
422(2)
Social Role Behavior of Budget Decision Makers and Participants
424(2)
Executive Control of Budget Compilation
426(7)
Executive Oversight of Organizational-Level Issues
433(10)
External Financial Pressures: Employee Benefit Costs
443(3)
Executive Framing of Budget Decisions for Legislative Adoption
446(2)
Legislative Body Consideration and Adoption
448(3)
Nonprofit and Community Budget Adoption
451(2)
Summary
453(1)
Study Questions
454(1)
Notes
454(1)
16 Capital Budgeting and Financing
455(16)
Capital Budget Policies
457(2)
Inventorying Existing Capital Assets
459(2)
Identifying Capital Needs
461(1)
Evaluating and Prioritizing Projects
462(2)
Determining Capital Financing Options and Potential
464(4)
Making Capital Plan and Budget Decisions
468(2)
Summary
470(1)
Study Questions
470(1)
17 Budget Execution
471(22)
Financial Management Policies
472(1)
Monitoring and Controlling Spending
473(1)
Budget and Performance Status Reports
474(10)
Budget and Plan Adjustments
484(3)
Financial and Performance Evaluation
487(2)
Network and Community Budget Execution and Performance
489(2)
Summary
491(1)
Study Questions
491(2)
18 Audit and Performance Evaluation
493(16)
The Year-End Close Out and Financial Reporting Process
494(2)
Annual Financial and Performance Reporting
496(6)
Audits of Local Governments
502(6)
Summary
508(1)
Study Questions
508(1)
19 Local Budgeting for the Common Good
509(20)
Major Themes Revisited
509(3)
Aligning the Purposes of a Local Public Budget with Its Political Function
512(1)
The Budget Is a Policy Document That Defines the Public Good
513(6)
Polity Budgeting: A Jurisdictional Versus a Community-Centered Approach to Budgeting
519(7)
Concluding Message
526(1)
Study Questions
526(1)
Notes
527(2)
Glossary 529(26)
Bibliography 555(24)
Index 579(15)
About the Authors 594
Douglas F. Morgan, Kent S. Robinson, Dennis Strachota, James A. Hough