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1 Introduction: Biology Today |
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2 | (20) |
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Biology and Society An Innate Passion for Life |
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3 | (1) |
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The Scientific Study of Life |
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4 | (3) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Hypothesis-Driven Science |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (3) |
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7 | (1) |
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Life in Its Diverse Forms |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (12) |
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10 | (4) |
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Structure/Function: The Relationship of Structure to Function |
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14 | (1) |
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Information Flow: Information Flow |
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14 | (2) |
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Energy Transformations: Pathways that Transform Energy and Matter |
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Interconnections within Systems: Interconnections within Biological Systems |
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16 | (6) |
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2 Essential Chemistry for Biology |
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22 | (14) |
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Chapter Thread: Radioactivity |
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Biology and Society Radiation and Health |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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Matter: Elements and Compounds |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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The Process of Science Can Radioactive Tracers Identify Brain Diseases? |
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26 | (3) |
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Chemical Bonding and Molecules |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (4) |
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Structure/Function: Water |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (2) |
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Evolution Connection Radioactivity as an Evolutionary Clock |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (18) |
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Chapter Thread: Lactose Intolerance |
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Biology and Society Got Lactose? |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (2) |
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38 | (1) |
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Giant Molecules from Smaller Building Blocks |
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39 | (1) |
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Large Biological Molecules |
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40 | (11) |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (3) |
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46 | (1) |
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Structure/Function: Protein Shape |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (2) |
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The Process of Science Does Lactose Intolerance Have a Genetic Basis? |
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51 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection The Evolution of Lactose Intolerance in Humans |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (20) |
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Chapter Thread: Humans Versus Bacteria |
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Biology and Society Antibiotics: Drugs That Target Bacterial Cells |
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55 | (1) |
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The Microscopic World of Cells |
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56 | (4) |
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The Two Major Categories of Cells |
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57 | (1) |
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An Overview of Eukaryotic Cells |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (1) |
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Structure/Function: The Plasma Membrane |
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60 | (1) |
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The Process of Science What Makes a Superbug? |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell |
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62 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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How DNA Directs Protein Production |
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63 | (1) |
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The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products |
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64 | (4) |
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Energy Transformations: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement |
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69 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection The Evolution of Bacterial Resistance in Humans |
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71 | (3) |
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74 | (16) |
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Chapter Thread: Nanotechnology |
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Biology and Society Harnessing Cellular Structures |
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75 | (1) |
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Some Basic Energy Concepts |
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76 | (3) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Energy Transformations: ATP and Cellular Work |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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The Process of Science Can Enzymes Be Engineered? |
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81 | (2) |
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Structure/Function: Enzyme Activity |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (3) |
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Passive Transport: Diffusion across Membranes |
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83 | (1) |
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Osmosis and Water Balance |
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84 | (2) |
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Active Transport: The Pumping of Molecules across Membranes |
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86 | (1) |
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Exocytosis and Endocytosis: Traffic of Large Molecules |
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86 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection The Origin of Membranes |
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87 | (3) |
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6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food |
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90 | (16) |
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Chapter Thread: Exercise Science |
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Biology and Society Getting the Most Out of Your Muscles |
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91 | (1) |
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Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere |
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92 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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Chemical Cycling between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration |
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92 | (2) |
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Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy |
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94 | (7) |
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Energy Transformations: An Overview of Cellular Respiration |
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94 | (2) |
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The Three Stages of Cellular Respiration |
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96 | (4) |
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The Results of Cellular Respiration |
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100 | (1) |
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Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy |
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101 | (1) |
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Fermentation in Human Muscle Cells |
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101 | (1) |
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The Process of Science What Causes Muscle Burn? |
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102 | (1) |
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Fermentation in Microorganisms |
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102 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection The Importance of Oxygen |
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103 | (3) |
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7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food |
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106 | (14) |
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Biology and Society A Greasy Crime Wave |
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107 | (1) |
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The Basics of Photosynthesis |
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108 | (2) |
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Chloroplasts: Sites of Photosynthesis |
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108 | (1) |
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Energy Transformations: An Overview of Photosynthesis |
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109 | (1) |
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The Light Reactions: Converting Solar Energy to Chemical Energy |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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The Process of Science What Colors of Light Drive Photosynthesis? |
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111 | (4) |
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111 | (1) |
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How Photosystems Harvest Light Energy |
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112 | (1) |
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How the Light Reactions Generate ATP and NADPH |
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113 | (2) |
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The Calvin Cycle: Making Sugar from Carbon Dioxide |
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115 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection Creating a Better Biofuel Factory |
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115 | (5) |
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8 Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells |
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120 | (24) |
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Chapter Thread: Life With And Without Sex |
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Biology and Society Virgin Birth of a Dragon |
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121 | (1) |
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What Cell Reproduction Accomplishes |
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122 | (1) |
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The Cell Cycle and Mitosis |
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123 | (7) |
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123 | (2) |
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Information Flow: Duplicating Chromosomes |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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Cancer Cells: Dividing Out of Control |
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128 | (2) |
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Meiosis, the Basis of Sexual Reproduction |
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130 | (7) |
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130 | (1) |
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Gametes and the Life Cycle of a Sexual Organism |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (2) |
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Review: Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis |
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134 | (1) |
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The Origins of Genetic Variation |
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135 | (2) |
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The Process of Science Do All Animals Have Sex? |
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137 | (3) |
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138 | (2) |
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Evolution Connection The Advantages of Sex |
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140 | (4) |
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9 Patterns of Inheritance |
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144 | (26) |
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Chapter Thread: Dog Breeding |
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Biology and Society Our Longest-Running Genetic Experiment |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (10) |
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146 | (1) |
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Mendel's Law of Segregation |
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147 | (3) |
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Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment |
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150 | (2) |
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Using a Testcross to Determine an Unknown Genotype |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Human Disorders Controlled by a Single Gene |
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154 | (2) |
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The Process of Science What Is the Genetic Basis of Coat Variation in Dogs? |
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156 | (2) |
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Variations on Mendel's Laws |
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158 | (4) |
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Incomplete Dominance in Plants and People |
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158 | (1) |
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ABO Blood Groups: An Example of Multiple Alleles and Codominance |
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159 | (1) |
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Structure/Function: Pleiotropy and Sickle-Cell Disease |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Epigenetics and the Role of Environment |
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161 | (1) |
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The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance |
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162 | (3) |
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162 | (1) |
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Sex Determination in Humans |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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Evolution Connection Barking Up the Evolutionary Tree |
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165 | (5) |
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10 The Structure and Function of DNA |
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170 | (26) |
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Chapter Thread: THE DEADLIEST VIRUS |
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Biology and Society The First 21st-Century Pandemic |
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171 | (1) |
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DNA: Structure and Replication |
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172 | (4) |
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172 | (1) |
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Watson and Crick's Discovery of the Double Helix |
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173 | (2) |
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Structure/Function: DNA Replication |
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175 | (1) |
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Information Flow: From DNA to RNA to Protein |
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176 | (10) |
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How an Organism's Genotype Determines Its Phenotype |
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176 | (1) |
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From Nucleotides to Amino Acids: An Overview |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Transcription: From DNA to RNA |
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179 | (1) |
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The Processing of Eukaryotic RNA |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (1) |
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Review: DNA → RNA → Protein |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (2) |
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Viruses and Other Noncellular Infectious Agents |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (2) |
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The Process of Science Do Flu Vaccines Protect the Elderly? |
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190 | (2) |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection Emerging Viruses |
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192 | (4) |
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11 How Genes Are Controlled |
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196 | (20) |
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Biology and Society Tobacco's Smoking Gun |
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197 | (1) |
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How and Why Genes Are Regulated |
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198 | (7) |
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Gene Regulation in Bacteria |
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198 | (2) |
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Gene Regulation in Eukaryotic Cells |
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200 | (3) |
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Information Flow: Cell Signaling |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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DNA Microarrays: Visualizing Gene Expression |
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204 | (1) |
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Cloning Plants and Animals |
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205 | (4) |
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The Genetic Potential of Cells |
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205 | (1) |
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Reproductive Cloning of Animals |
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206 | (2) |
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Therapeutic Cloning and Stem Cells |
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208 | (1) |
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The Genetic Basis of Cancer |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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The Process of Science Are Childhood Tumors Different? |
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210 | (3) |
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Cancer Risk and Prevention |
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212 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection The Evolution of Cancer in the Body |
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213 | (3) |
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216 | (26) |
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Chapter Thread: DNA PROFILING |
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Biology and Society Using DNA to Establish Guilt and Innocence |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (7) |
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Recombinant DNA Techniques |
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218 | (3) |
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Pharmaceutical Applications |
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221 | (1) |
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Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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DNA Profiling and Forensic Science |
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225 | (4) |
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225 | (3) |
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Investigating Murder, Paternity, and Ancient DNA |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Genome-Mapping Techniques |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (2) |
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The Process of Science Can Genomics Cure Cancer? |
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232 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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Interconnections within Systems: Systems Biology |
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233 | (1) |
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Safety and Ethical Issues |
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234 | (3) |
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The Controversy over Genetically Modified Foods |
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235 | (1) |
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Ethical Questions Raised by Human DNA Technologies |
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236 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection The Y Chromosome as a Window on History |
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237 | (5) |
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UNIT 3 Evolution and Diversity |
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13 How Populations Evolve |
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242 | (26) |
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Chapter Thread: EVOLUTION PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE |
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Biology and Society Evolution Today |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (2) |
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Naming and Classifying the Diversity of Life |
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244 | (1) |
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Explaining the Diversity of Life |
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245 | (1) |
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Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species |
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246 | (2) |
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246 | (2) |
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Evolution: Darwin's Theory |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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248 | (2) |
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The Process of Science Did Whales Evolve from Land-Dwelling Mammals? |
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250 | (3) |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (1) |
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Natural Selection as the Mechanism for Evolution |
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253 | (2) |
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Natural Selection in Action |
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254 | (1) |
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Key Points about Natural Selection |
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255 | (1) |
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The Evolution of Populations |
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255 | (4) |
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Sources of Genetic Variation |
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255 | (2) |
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Populations as the Units of Evolution |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Population Genetics and Health Science |
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259 | (1) |
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Microevolution as Change in a Gene Pool |
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259 | (1) |
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Mechanisms That Alter Allele Frequencies in a Population |
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259 | (5) |
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259 | (3) |
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262 | (1) |
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Natural Selection: A Closer Look |
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262 | (2) |
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Evolution Connection The Rising Threat of Antibiotic Resistance |
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264 | (4) |
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14 How Biological Diversity Evolves |
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268 | (24) |
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Chapter Thread: MASS EXTINCTIONS |
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Biology and Society The Sixth Mass Extinction |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (8) |
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271 | (1) |
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Reproductive Barriers between Species |
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272 | (2) |
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Evolution: Mechanisms of Speciation |
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274 | (4) |
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Earth History and Macroevolution |
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278 | (4) |
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278 | (2) |
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Plate Tectonics and Biogeography |
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280 | (2) |
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Mass Extinctions and Explosive Diversifications of Life |
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282 | (1) |
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The Process of Science Did a Meteor Kill the Dinosaurs? |
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282 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Macroevolution |
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283 | (3) |
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Large Effects from Small Genetic Changes |
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283 | (1) |
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The Evolution of Biological Novelty |
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284 | (2) |
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Classifying the Diversity of Life |
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286 | (3) |
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Classification and Phylogeny |
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286 | (2) |
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Classification: A Work in Progress |
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288 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection Rise of the Mammals |
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289 | (3) |
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15 The Evolution of Microbial Life |
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292 | (22) |
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Chapter Thread: HUMAN MICROBIOTA |
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Biology and Society Our Invisible Inhabitants |
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293 | (1) |
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Major Episodes in the History of Life |
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294 | (2) |
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296 | (3) |
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A Four-Stage Hypothesis for the Origin of Life |
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297 | |
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From Chemical Evolution to Darwinian Evolution |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (7) |
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299 | (1) |
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Structure/Function: Prokaryotes |
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300 | (3) |
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The Ecological Impact of Prokaryotes |
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303 | (1) |
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The Two Main Branches of Prokaryotic Evolution: Bacteria and Archaea |
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304 | (2) |
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The Process of Science Are Intestinal Microbiota to Blame for Obesity? |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (4) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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Unicellular and Colonial Algae |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection The Sweet Life of Streptococcus mutans |
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311 | (3) |
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16 The Evolution of Plants and Fungi |
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314 | (22) |
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Chapter Thread: PLANT-FUNGUS INTERACTIONS |
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Biology and Society The Diamond of the Kitchen |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (2) |
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Terrestrial Adaptations of Plants |
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316 | (2) |
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The Origin of Plants from Green Algae |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (10) |
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Highlights of Plant Evolution |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (2) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (2) |
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324 | (3) |
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Plant Diversity as a Nonrenewable Resource |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (3) |
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Structure/Function: Characteristics of Fungi |
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329 | (1) |
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The Ecological Impact of Fungi |
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330 | (1) |
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The Process of Science Did a Fungus Lead to the Salem Witch Hunt? |
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331 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection A Mutually Beneficial Symbiosis |
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332 | (4) |
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17 The Evolution of Animals |
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336 | (36) |
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Chapter Thread: HUMAN EVOLUTION |
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Biology and Society The Discovery of the Hobbit People |
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337 | (1) |
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The Origins of Animal Diversity |
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338 | (3) |
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338 | (1) |
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Early Animals and the Cambrian Explosion |
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339 | (1) |
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Evolution: Animal Phylogeny |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (13) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (6) |
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353 | (1) |
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Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity |
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354 | (7) |
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Characteristics of Chordates |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (4) |
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The Evolution of Primates |
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361 | (2) |
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The Emergence of Humankind |
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363 | (2) |
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The Process of Science Who Were the Hobbit People? |
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365 | (2) |
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Evolution Connection Are We Still Evolving? |
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367 | (5) |
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18 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere |
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372 | (30) |
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Chapter Thread: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANCE |
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Biology and Society Penguins, Polar Bears, and People in Peril |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (2) |
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Ecology and Environmentalism |
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374 | (1) |
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Interconnections of Systems: A Hierarchy of Interactions |
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375 | (1) |
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Living in Earth's Diverse Environments |
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376 | (4) |
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Abiotic Factors of the Biosphere |
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376 | (1) |
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376 | (2) |
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The Evolutionary Adaptations of Organisms |
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378 | (1) |
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Adjusting to Environmental Variability |
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378 | (2) |
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380 | (14) |
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380 | (2) |
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382 | (2) |
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How Climate Affects Terrestrial Biome Distribution |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (6) |
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Interconnections within Systems: The Water Cycle |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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392 | (2) |
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394 | (2) |
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The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming |
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394 | (1) |
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The Accumulation of Greenhouse Gases |
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395 | (1) |
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The Process of Science How Does Climate Change Affect Species Distribution? |
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396 | (3) |
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Effects of Climate Change on Ecosystems |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection Climate Change as an Agent of Natural Selection |
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399 | (3) |
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402 | (22) |
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Chapter Thread: BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS |
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Biology and Society Invasion of the Lionfish |
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403 | (1) |
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An Overview of Population Ecology |
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404 | (4) |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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Life Tables and Survivorship Curves |
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406 | (1) |
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Evolution: Life History Traits as Adaptations |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (4) |
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The Exponential Population Growth Model: The Ideal of an Unlimited Environment |
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408 | (1) |
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The Logistic Population Growth Model: The Reality of a Limited Environment |
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409 | (1) |
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Regulation of Population Growth |
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410 | (2) |
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Applications of Population Ecology |
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412 | (3) |
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Conservation of Endangered Species |
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412 | (1) |
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Sustainable Resource Management |
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412 | (2) |
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413 | |
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Biological Control of Pests |
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414 | (1) |
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The Process of Science Can Biological Control Defeat Kudzu? |
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415 | (2) |
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Integrated Pest Management |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (4) |
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The History of Human Population Growth |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (2) |
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Evolution Connection Humans as an Invasive Species |
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421 | (3) |
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20 Communities and Ecosystems |
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424 | |
|
Chapter Thread: BIODIVERSITY DECLINE |
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Biology and Society Why Biodiversity Matters |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (2) |
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426 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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Causes of Declining Biodiversity |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (9) |
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Interspecific Interactions |
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428 | (4) |
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432 | (3) |
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Species Diversity in Communities |
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435 | (1) |
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Disturbances in Communities |
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436 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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437 | (7) |
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Energy Transformations: Energy Flow in Ecosystems |
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438 | (2) |
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Interconnections within Systems: Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems |
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440 | (4) |
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Conservation and Restoration Biology |
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444 | (2) |
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444 | (1) |
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Conservation at the Ecosystem Level |
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445 | (1) |
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The Process of Science How Does Tropical Forest Fragmentation Affect Biodiversity? |
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446 | (3) |
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447 | (1) |
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The Goal of Sustainable Development |
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448 | (1) |
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Evolution Connection Can Biophilia Save Biodiversity? |
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|
449 | |
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|
A Metric Conversion Table |
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|
1 | (2) |
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3 | (2) |
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|
5 | (4) |
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9 | |
| Glossary |
|
1 | (1) |
| Index |
|
1 | |
