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E-grāmata: Case Research in Public Management

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(Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, USA)
  • Formāts: 352 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Dec-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317475378
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Case Research in Public ManagementPalielināt
  • Formāts: 352 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Dec-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317475378
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Highly readable and non-technical, this handbook is designed to help students and non-profit managers gain a working knowledge of the principles and practices of conducting qualitative case study research in public organizations. This book is a motherload of practical and comprehensive guidance to planning, conducting, analyzing, and reporting case research project findings. McNabb begins with a detailed rationale for the use of the case research approach in public administration, non-profit organizations, and political science. Then it provides step-by-step instructions on how to conduct single-case, multicase, and meta-analysis research, with guidelines on organizing and writing the case report. Case Research in Public Management also includes many examples of case studies in a wide range of important topics in public administration, including performance management, sustainable government, technology management, security issues, emergency and disaster management, social and health services, infrastructure, public transportation, and transforming the work of government.

Designed to help students and non-profit managers gain a working knowledge of the principles and practices of conducting qualitative case study research in public organizations. It includes examples of case studies in a wide range of topics in public admi
Introduction xvii
Cases as Applied Research
xviii
Case Research: Qualitative or Quantitative?
xix
Objectives for the Book
xx
Acknowledgments
xx
Part I. The What and How of Case Research 1
1. What Is Case Research?
3
The History of Case Research
3
The Meaning of Case Research
4
The Case in Public Administration Research
5
Teaching Cases
6
When a Case Study Is Not Case Research
8
Public Administration Examples
9
Four Primary Challenges
10
The Focus of Case Research
11
The Question of Causality in Case Research
11
Case Research as Interpretive Research
11
Causation in Social Science Research
12
Logical Causation
13
Cases and Causal Inference
13
An Answer to the Causation Question?
14
Summary
14
2. When to Do Case Research and How to Pick Cases
17
Why Researchers Choose the Case Research Method
17
Developing Theory from Cases
19
Testing Theories That Already Exist
20
Identifying a Previous Condition
22
Establishing the Importance of Contributing Conditions
22
Establishing the Importance of the Case to Other Examples
23
How and Why Researchers Pick the Cases They Study
24
Choosing Comparable Cases
24
Choosing Cases with Variability
24
Choosing Cases with Variation across Subgroups
25
Summary
25
3. The Range of Case Research Designs
27
Classes of Case Research
27
Explanatory Case Research
28
An Explanatory Case Example
29
Explanatory Cases on Additional Topics
30
Interpretive Case Research
31
Principles of Interpretive Case Research
32
An Interpretive Case Example
34
Critical Case Research
35
Structural Themes in Critical Research
36
A Critical Research Case Example
37
Reliability and Validity Issues in Case Research
38
Internal Validity
39
External Validity
39
Reliability in Case Research
39
Summary
39
4. Single-Case Research Designs
41
Labels in Case Research
42
Case Research in the Administrative Sciences
42
Significance of Single-Case Research
43
Four Problem Areas
43
Scientific Theory Requirements
45
The Scale and Scope of Single-Case Research
45
Intrinsic Case Studies
46
Examples of Intrinsic Case Studies
46
Instrumental Case Studies
48
An Example of an Instrumental Case Study
48
Collective Case Studies
50
A Two-Level Case Classification System
51
Holistic Single-Case Designs
51
Holistic Multicase Designs
51
Embedded Single-Case Designs
51
Embedded Multicase Designs
52
Factors Affecting the Design Decision
52
Summary
53
5. Multicase Research Designs
55
Transforming Readers into Participants
55
Some Advantages and Disadvantages of the Multicase Method
56
Three Categories of Multicase Research
57
Comparative Multicase Designs
57
The Comparative Method Defined
58
Comparing Benchmarking Projects
59
Interpretive Multicase Designs
59
An Interpretive Case Example
59
A City/County Multicase Interpretive Study
62
Longitudinal Multicase Designs
62
Longitudinal Multicase Research Examples
62
Summary
63
6. Getting Started in Single-Case and Multicase Research
65
The Single-Case Research Process
65
Define the Reason for Doing the Case Study
67
Select the Unit to Be Studied
67
Define the Role of the Researcher
68
Introduce the Project to the Study Unit
68
Establish the Case Unit Qualifications
68
Gather the Case Data
69
Prepare an Integrative Summary
69
Write a Final Report
70
The Multicase Research Process
70
Frame the Research Question
70
Select Cases to Include in the Study
71
Define Key Constructs and Units of Analysis
72
Collect the Data
74
Analyze and Interpret the Data
75
Prepare and Present a Report of the Findings
76
Summary
77
7. Meta-Analysis Research Designs and Processes
79
The Focus of Meta-Analysis
79
Advantages and Disadvantages of Meta-Analysis
80
Some Disadvantages of Meta-Analysis
81
Getting Started with a Meta-Analysis
81
Identify the Problem
82
Set Criteria for Selecting Cases
82
The Literature Search for Cases
84
Standardize the Points for Analysis
84
Standardize the Analysis Procedure
84
Select a Coding Scheme
84
Describe the Statistical Processes Used
85
Tabulate and Analyze the Data
85
Prepare and Present Research Findings
85
Document Analysis in Meta-Designs: Hermeneutic Analysis
85
Analysis and the Act of Explaining
86
Analysis Using the Meta-Analytic Schedule
86
A Meta-Analysis of Transformational Change Cases
86
Meta-Analysis in the Twenty-First Century
88
Summary
88
8. Collecting and Analyzing Case Data
91
Ethnographic Research Approaches
91
Ethnographic Data Collection Methods
92
Types of Ethnographic Research
92
Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethnographic Methods
93
Case Research as Fieldwork
94
Collecting Case Data by Observation
95
Forms of Observation Research
96
Advantages and Disadvantages of Observation
96
Collecting Data by Interviews
98
The Art of Interviewing
100
Purposes for Interviewing
100
Advantages and Disadvantages of Interviews
101
Getting Beneath the Surface in Interviewing
102
Taking Notes or Recording the Interview
103
The Interviewing Process
103
Summary
103
9. Document Analysis Methods
107
Categories of Written Record Data Analysis
109
The Episodic or the Running Record
109
The Literature Review in Case Research
110
The Literature Review Analysis Process
112
Case Research with Archival Data
114
Records as Research Elements
114
Content Analysis in Case Research
115
Advantages and Disadvantages of Content Analysis
115
When to Use Content Analysis
116
Computer Analysis of Textual Data
118
Summary
120
10. The Case Research Report
121
Universal Recommendations for Case Reports
123
Three Steps of Report Writing
123
Five Key Elements of Case Research Reports
124
Establishing a Point of View for the Case Report
125
Sample Points of View
125
Components in a Case Report
126
The Tide
126
The Abstract (or Executive Summary)
127
The Introduction
128
Review of the Literature
130
Methodology
130
Review: Methods and Data Differences
131
The Findings Section
132
Conclusions and/or Recommendations Section
132
References (Bibliography)
133
Appendix or Appendices
134
Style and Format in Case Research Writing
135
Case Reporting Guidelines at Public Performance and Management Review
136
Introduce the Case
136
Establish the Background of the Problem or Situation
136
Report Your Findings
136
Describe Your Analysis and (3onclusions
137
Summary
137
Part II. Case Research in Public Management 139
11. Case Research in Public Policy and Management
141
Themes in Policy Case Research
143
How Policy Shapes Government Services
143
Short- and Long-Term Implications
144
A Global Policy Single-Case Example
144
A Multicase Policy Example
146
Research Focus in Public Policy and Management
147
The Courts and Public Policy
148
A Case Study of Failure in Policy Implementation
149
A Three-Case Analysis of Public Management Reform
150
Summary
151
Note
152
12. Case Research in Performance Management
153
The Framework for Performance Management
153
Improving Government Services
154
What to Improve: Efficiency or Effectiveness?
155
Benchmarking for Process Improvement
156
The Innovation Groups Project Case
158
The ICMA Project Case
158
North Carolina Local Government Project Case
159
Results Assessment
159
Measuring Performance for Performance Improvement
159
A Problem Metric in Florida
160
Decentralization Programs in Government
161
Collaborating Through Networks
162
A Community of Interest Case
163
Communities of Practice
163
Collaborating Through Partnerships
164
Other Drivers of Administrative Reform
165
Greater Democratization in the Workforce
166
Other Humanization-Related Reforms
166
Summary
167
13. Case Research in Sustainable Government
169
Declining Faith in Science to Achieve Sustainability
170
Assessing Development Sustainability
171
A Sustainability Assessment Application Case
171
The Human Side of Sustainability
173
Sustainability in State and Local Governments
174
Three Forces Pressuring Governments
174
Some Possible Solutions
175
International Sustainability Case Research
176
Government Agency and Sustainable Development in Denmark
176
Water Sustainability Management in China
176
The Case of Urban Sustainability in Vienna, Austria
177
Summary
179
14. Case Research in Technology Management
181
Cases on Technology in Government
182
Early Examples
184
Wireless Technology for the City of Philadelphia
185
When Technology Fails
186
Removing Discretion in the Netherlands
188
Measuring the Impact of Technology on Performance
191
Summary
191
15. Case Research in National Security Issues
193
Delivering DHS Programs
194
Partnerships and Coordination
194
DHS Grants to State, Local, and Tribal Governments
195
State Coordination
196
Homeland Security at the State and Local Level
196
A Case on Problems with Security Grants
198
Semiannual Surveys
198
The Homeland Security Alert System
199
The Color-Coded Warning System
200
Three Major Weaknesses
200
International Security Case Research
202
Fighting the New Wave of Terrorism
202
A Case of Security Threat in Latvia
203
Expediency or Appeasement
204
Russian Baltics Strategy
205
Summary
206
16. Case Research in Emergency and Disaster Management
209
A Theory of Disaster and Emergency Management
210
The Federal Emergency Management Agency
210
Case Research on Disaster and Emergency Management
213
Disaster Management Case Research Examples
213
Disaster Management Planning in Charlottesville
213
Two Cases on Emergency Response
214
Hurricane Disaster Management in Public Utilities
216
Restoring Power after Katrina
217
Multicase Studies of Emergency Management
217
Growth in Emergency Spending in Florida Counties
218
Rescue Coordination Failure Across Agencies
218
Disaster Management after a Tsunami
219
Summary
221
17. Case Research in Social and Health Services
223
Social Services at the National Level
224
Social Services at the State Level
224
Welfare Reform and Privatization in Mississippi
225
Social Services at the Local Level
227
Widespread Growth in Privatization
228
Case Research at the Local and Rural Levels
229
Three Conclusions
229
Deciding on an EMS System
230
Research Findings
230
Recommendations
230
Case Research in Health and Human Services Management
231
Contracting Human Services in Kansas
231
Research Method
233
Case Findings
234
Recommendations for Other Government Agencies
234
Summary
234
18. Case Research in Public Infrastructure
237
A Long-Standing Problem
238
A Big Problem Getting Bigger
239
The Importance of Infrastructure to the Economy
240
A Call for Greater Federal Support
240
Infrastructure Financing
241
Funding at the Local Level
241
Funding at the State Level
242
Case Research on Infrastructure Issues
243
A Case on Infrastructure Development
243
Case Research on Infrastructure Damage
244
A Case on Collaborative Infrastructure Development
245
Summary
248
19. Case Research in Public Transportation
251
Availability and Structure of Transportation Systems
252
Recent Legislation Affecting Public Transit
253
Transit Services Enhanced Five Ways
254
Multicase Studies of Transportation Systems
254
Urban and Suburban Managing Authorities
255
Transportation Infrastructure and Urban Development
257
Strategic Management in Transportation Departments
258
States Have Strategic Plans in Place
260
Differences Found in Planning Approaches
261
A Case of Sustainable Urban Transportation
261
Three Key Issues
262
A Multicase Transportation Planning Organization Study
263
Success Factors Identified
263
3-C Planning
264
ISTEA Provisions Sustained
264
Summary
265
Note
266
20. Case Research in the Work of Government
267
Case Research on Improving Productivity
268
History of the Productivity Movement
269
Barriers to Productivity Improvement
270
Productivity Problems in Local Governments
271
Case Research in Accountability
271
Accountability Processes
272
Methods for Exorcising Accountability
273
Case Research on Enterprise Transformation
273
Transformation at the Veterans Health Administration
275
Transformation Progress
275
Change at the Bonneville Power Administration
276
Management Challenges
278
Top-to-Bottom Changes Needed
278
Implementing Change in Local Government
279
Change in Fairfax County, Virginia
279
Change in Altamonte Springs, Florida
280
Transforming City Government in Fremont, California
281
Conclusion: Successful Change Managers Follow the Same Steps
281
Summary
282
References 285
Index 303
About the Author 314
David E. McNabb, Pacific Lutheran University professor emeritus, is the author of two comprehensive research methods texts, both of which are now in their second edition. The first edition of his Research Methods in Public Administration and Nonprofit Organizations was awarded the 2004 John Grenzebach Research Award for Research in Philanthropy. He continues to teach at colleges and universities in the United States and internationally. He has been an adjunct professor in the masters degree program in Public Administration at The Evergreen State College (TESC) in Olympia, Washington, the European masters degree program of the University of MarylandUniversity College, and an adjunct professor at the University of WashingtonTacoma. He is currently teaching at a branch campus of Olympic College, Bremerton, Washington.
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