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E-grāmata: Case Studies in Star Formation: A Molecular Astronomy Perspective

(University of Kent, Canterbury), (University of Leeds), (University of Kent, Canterbury)
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Case Studies in Star Formation: A Molecular Astronomy PerspectivePalielināt
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Case Studies in Star Formation offers an overview of our current observational and theoretical understanding in the molecular astronomy of star formation. The book is divided into six sections: the first introduces an overview of star formation and the essential language, concepts and tools specific to molecular astronomy studies. Each subsequent section focuses on individual sources, beginning with a description of large-scale surveys. The volume covers low- and high mass star formation, ionization and photodissociation regions, and concludes with the extragalactic perspective. Conventional textbooks begin with principles, ending with a few convenient examples. Through copious examples, Case Studies reflects the reality of research, which requires the creative matching of ongoing observations to theory and vice-versa, often raising as many questions as answers. This supplementary study guide enables graduate students and early researchers to bridge the gap between textbooks and the wealth of research literature.

This volume offers an overview of our current observational and theoretical understanding in the molecular astronomy of star formation. It provides copious observational detail and theoretical analysis through the lens of large-scale surveys and individual sources, raising major research questions for graduate students and early researchers.

Recenzijas

'The formation of stars is a mysterious process, 'viewed through a glass darkly', where the opacity is caused by interstellar dust. In recent years, however, the development of infrared and submillimetre-wave observational facilities has allowed us to peer through the fog to view star formation in all its complexity. In this book, the authors use a series of in-depth case studies to explain what we know about star formation in isolated systems and star clusters, from low-mass to high-mass objects, from galactic to extragalactic sources. Each case study follows a historical approach so that the reader can see both progress in our understanding and the questions that remain - as yet - unanswered.' Tom Millar, Queen's University Belfast

Papildus informācija

A succinct overview of our current understanding in the molecular astronomy of star formation for graduate students and early researchers.
Preface xiii
List of Acronyms
xv
Part I Introduction
1(24)
1 An Overview of Star Formation
3(22)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
Low-Mass Star Formation (LMSF)
4(1)
1.2 Diffuse Clouds
4(1)
1.3 Molecular Clouds
5(1)
1.4 Dense Prestellar Cores
6(2)
1.5 Cold Protostellar Envelopes
8(1)
1.6 Jets and Disk Winds
9(1)
1.7 Protoplanetary Disks
10(1)
High-Mass Star Formation (HMSF)
11(1)
1.8 Dark Cloud to Main Sequence
11(2)
1.9 Hot Cores
13(1)
1.10 Compact H11 Regions
14(1)
1.11 Photodissociation Regions (PDRs)
15(1)
1.12 Masers
16(1)
Molecular Astrophysics
17(1)
1.13 Molecular Excitation
17(1)
1.14 Level Populations
17(1)
1.15 Critical Densities and Excitation Temperatures
17(1)
Astrochemistry
18(1)
1.16 Gas-Phase and Grain-Surface Reactions
18(1)
1.17 Chemical Modelling
19(1)
Observational Basics
18(2)
1.18 Antenna Temperature and Optical Depth
20(1)
1.19 Velocity Distribution
21(1)
1.20 Column Density, Beam Dilution, and Relative Abundance
21(1)
1.21 Rotation Diagrams
22(1)
1.22 Radiative Transfer Modelling
23(2)
Further Reading
23(2)
Part II Low-Mass Star Formation (LMSF)
25(80)
2 Two LMSFR Surveys Using IRAM and ALMA
27(19)
2.1 Introduction
27(1)
2.2 IRAM COMs
27(2)
2.3 IRAM Observations
29(3)
2.4 COMs Correlations
32(4)
2.5 Low-Mass YSO Chemical Model
36(1)
2.6 COMs Formation
37(3)
2.7 Increasing Resolution with ALMA
40(4)
2.8 Summary
44(2)
3 IRAS 16293 in Ophiuchus
46(26)
3.1 Introduction
46(1)
3.2 Dark Clouds and Streamers
46(3)
3.3 Filaments and Cores
49(3)
3.4 IRAS 16293-2422
52(3)
3.5 A Gas Bridge
55(3)
3.6 Deuterated Evolutionary Tracers
58(2)
3.7 Disk-Envelope Interface
60(3)
3.8 Disk Reservoirs
63(2)
3.9 Centrifugal Barriers
65(2)
3.10 Prebiotics
67(3)
3.11 Nitriles
70(1)
3.12 Summary
71(1)
4 NGC1333 in Perseus
72(16)
4.1 Introduction
72(1)
4.2 Envelope and Accretion
72(3)
4.3 Warm Carbon-Chain Chemistry (WCCC)
75(3)
4.4 IRAS2 and IRAS4
78(2)
4.5 COMs Ratios
80(1)
4.6 Comparisons
81(1)
4.7 C2H
82(2)
4.8 Wider Sampling
84(1)
4.9 Summary
85(3)
5 IRAS 15398 in Lupus
88(17)
5.1 Introduction
88(2)
5.2 Nine Clouds
90(2)
5.3 IRAS 15398-3359 (Lupus 1-1)
92(3)
5.4 The Bipolar Outflow
95(6)
5.5 H20 with ALMA
101(1)
5.6 Summary
102(3)
Part III High-Mass Star Formation (HMSF)
105(60)
6 Two HMSFR Surveys Using APEX and NOEMA
107(17)
6.1 Introduction
107(1)
6.2 ATLASGAL
108(2)
6.3 Molecular Fingerprints with Mopra
110(5)
6.4 NOEMA
115(1)
6.5 Physical Structure
116(3)
6.6 Chemical Structure
119(2)
6.7 Comparing Timescales
121(1)
6.8 Summary
122(2)
7 Sagittarius B2(N)
124(10)
7.1 Introduction
124(1)
7.2 Sgr B2 (N), (M), and (S)
124(2)
7.3 SgrB2(N)
126(1)
7.4 COMs in Sgr B2(N)
127(3)
7.5 Complex Isocyanides in Sgr B2 (N)
130(3)
7.6 Summary
133(1)
8 G29.96-0.02 in W43
134(18)
8.1 Introduction
134(1)
8.2 Westerhout43
134(1)
8.3 The W43 Sub-sources
135(3)
8.4 G29.96-0.02#l
138(7)
8.5 Star Formation Efficiency (SFE)
145(2)
8.6 G29.96 COMs
147(1)
8.7 Summary
148(4)
9 Orion BN/KL
152(13)
9.1 Introduction
152(1)
9.2 OMC
153(2)
9.3 BN / K.L.
155(3)
9.4 The Four Features
158(3)
9.5 Chemical Differentiations
161(3)
9.6 Summary
164(1)
Part IV Ionisation
165(38)
10 Two HII Surveys Using JVLA and ALMA
167(9)
10.1 Introduction
167(1)
10.2 HII with the Jansky-VLA
167(5)
10.3 A Second Survey: ATOMS-ALMA
172(1)
10.4 UCHIIorHCHII
173(2)
10.5 Summary
175(1)
11 G24.78+0.08 in Scutum
176(12)
11.1 Introduction
176(1)
11.2 G24.78+0.08
176(5)
11.3 RRL Emission
181(1)
11.4 Multiple Sub-cores
182(1)
11.5 TheAl HCHII
183(2)
11.6 TheAl Molecular Disk
185(2)
11.7 Summary
187(1)
12 G34.26+0.15 in Aquila
188(15)
12.1 Introduction
188(1)
12.2 G34.26+0.15
188(3)
12.3 UCHIIsAandB
191(2)
12.4 UCHII-C
193(4)
12.5 The Hot Core
197(2)
12.6 Displaced CH3CN
199(3)
12.7 Summary
202(1)
Part V Photodissociation
203(50)
13 ATLASGAL PDRs
205(11)
13.1 Introduction
205(1)
13.2 ATLASGAL
206(3)
13.3 Formation and Destruction of HCO/HCO+
209(2)
13.4 Small Hydrocarbons in PDRs
211(4)
13.5 Summary
215(1)
14 The Orion Bar in M42
216(20)
14.1 Introduction
216(1)
14.2 The Orion Bar
217(4)
14.3 PDR Ionisation
221(4)
14.4 Molecular Dissociation
225(1)
14.5 Inhomogeneities and Proplyds
226(2)
14.6 Sulphur
228(6)
14.7 Summary
234(2)
15 The Horsehead Nebula in Orion
236(17)
15.1 Introduction
236(1)
15.2 Low-Flux Photodissociation
236(3)
15.3 NitrileCOMs
239(4)
15.4 Dust Extinction
243(1)
15.5 The Warm High-Density Case
244(1)
15.6 Sulphur
245(6)
15.7 Summary
251(2)
Part VI External Galaxies
253(42)
16 Extragalactic Surveys: CANON and PHANGS-ALMA
255(12)
16.1 Introduction
255(1)
16.2 CANON
256(2)
16.3 Comparative Resolution
258(2)
16.4 PHANGS-ALMA
260(6)
16.5 Summary
266(1)
17 ST16 and N113 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
267(14)
17.1 Introduction
267(1)
17.2 ST16
268(2)
17.3 Column Densities
270(3)
17.4 Comparative Abundances
273(2)
17.5 A Rotating Envelope
275(1)
17.6 N113
276(1)
17.7 Low-Metallicity COMs
277(3)
17.8 Summary
280(1)
18 Starburst Galaxy NGC 253
281(14)
18.1 Introduction
281(1)
18.2 Super Star Clusters
282(5)
18.3 Physical Parameters from Absorption Lines
287(3)
18.4 Outflow Dynamics
290(1)
18.5 Cluster Evolution Chemistry
291(1)
18.6 The Wider Molecular Sample
292(2)
18.7 Summary
294(1)
Appendices
295(4)
A Galactic and Extragalactic Molecules
295(1)
B Observational and Modelling Databases
295(1)
C Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy
296(1)
D Generic Reaction Processes and Rates
296(1)
E Interstellar and Circumstellar Physical Parameters
297(1)
F Elemental Abundances
297(1)
G Interstellar Ice Composition
298(1)
List of Research Journal A bbreviations 299(2)
References 301(14)
Chemical Index 315(3)
Subject Index 318
Duncan MacKay is an honorary Senior Research Fellow at the University of Kent, Canterbury. He has four decades of teaching and research experience in astrophysics and pedagogical practice, and has published and lectured professionally on cross-disciplinary issues for many years. Mark Thompson is head of the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Leeds. He is an expert observational astronomer in the far-infrared to radio wavelength regime with more than twenty years of experience in observing Galactic star formation and international survey projects. James Urquhart is a Lecturer in Physics and Astrophysics and head of the Centre of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences at the University of Kent, Canterbury. He has contributed to almost 200 scientific publications in the areas of star formation and Galactic structure.
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