| Preface |
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ix | |
| Introduction |
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xi | |
| A Bird's Eye View of the Nervous System |
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xi | |
| Studying the Structure and Function of the Nervous System |
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xii | |
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Part One Main Features of Structure and Function |
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1 Structure of the Neuron and Organization of Nervous Tissue |
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3 | (17) |
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3 | (1) |
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Neurons and Their Processes |
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3 | (9) |
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Coupling of Neurons: Pathways for Signals |
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12 | (5) |
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The Cytoskeleton and Axonal Transport |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (12) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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Astroglia and Homeostasis |
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22 | (3) |
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Insulation and Protection of Axons |
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25 | (4) |
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Microglia and Reactions of the CNS to Injury |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (13) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (6) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (2) |
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How Nerve Cells Vary Their Messages |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (15) |
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45 | (1) |
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Neurotransmitter Handling at the Synapse |
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45 | (4) |
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Synaptic Potentials and Types of Synapses |
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49 | (6) |
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55 | (5) |
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5 Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors |
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60 | (21) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (3) |
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Transmitter Receptors in General |
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64 | (2) |
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Specific Neurotransmitters |
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66 | (13) |
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Actions of Drugs on the Nervous System |
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79 | (2) |
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6 Parts of the Nervous System |
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81 | (30) |
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81 | (1) |
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Methods to Study the Living Human Brain |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (8) |
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92 | (10) |
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102 | (7) |
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109 | (2) |
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7 The Coverings of the Brain and the Ventricular System |
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111 | (9) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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The Cerebral Ventricles and the Cerebrospinal Fluid |
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113 | (7) |
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8 The Blood Supply of the CNS |
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120 | (15) |
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120 | (1) |
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Cerebral Microcirculation and the Blood-Brain Barrier |
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120 | (5) |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (6) |
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Part Two Development, Aging, and Plasticity |
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9 Prenatal and Postnatal Development |
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135 | (26) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (15) |
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Mechanisms for Establishment of Specific Connections |
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150 | (5) |
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The Role of the Environment in Development of the Nervous System |
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155 | (6) |
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10 The Nervous System and Aging |
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161 | (10) |
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161 | (1) |
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Age-Related Changes in the Normal Brain and Their Consequences |
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161 | (5) |
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Neurodegenerative Diseases and Dementia |
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166 | (5) |
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11 Restitution of Function after Brain Damage |
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171 | (14) |
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171 | (1) |
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Brain Injuries and Possible Reparative Processes |
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171 | (4) |
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Brain Processes Underlying Recovery of Function |
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175 | (4) |
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Restitution after Damage in Early Childhood |
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179 | (6) |
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Part Three Sensory Systems |
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12 Sensory Receptors in General |
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185 | (8) |
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185 | (1) |
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Sensory Units and Their Receptive Fields |
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185 | (1) |
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Transduction: The Translation of Stimuli to Action Potentials |
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186 | (2) |
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Properties and Classification of Receptors |
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188 | (2) |
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Receptors and Subjective Sensory Experience |
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190 | (3) |
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13 Peripheral Parts of the Somatosensory System |
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193 | (31) |
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193 | (1) |
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Exteroceptors: Cutaneous Sensation |
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194 | (8) |
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Proprioceptors: Deep Sensation |
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202 | (14) |
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The Sensory Fibers and the Dorsal Roots |
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216 | (8) |
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14 Central Parts of the Somatosensory System |
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224 | (15) |
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224 | (1) |
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Central Somatosensory Pathways |
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225 | (10) |
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The Somatosensory Cortical Regions |
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235 | (4) |
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239 | (14) |
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239 | (1) |
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Some Distinctive Features of Pain |
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239 | (2) |
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When the Pain System Gets Out of Control |
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241 | (4) |
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Central Control of Pain Sensation |
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245 | (3) |
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248 | (3) |
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Modern Views on Pain and Pain Treatment |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (28) |
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253 | (1) |
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The Eyeball and the Refracting Media |
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253 | (4) |
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257 | (10) |
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Organization of the Visual Pathways |
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267 | (6) |
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The Visual Cortex and the Final Processing of Visual Information |
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273 | (8) |
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281 | (15) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (8) |
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289 | (4) |
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293 | (3) |
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18 The Sense of Equilibrium |
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296 | (15) |
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296 | (1) |
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Structure and Function of the Vestibular Apparatus |
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296 | (4) |
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The Vestibular Nuclei and Their Connections |
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300 | (3) |
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Vestibular Reflexes: Control of Eye Movements and Bodily Posture |
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303 | (5) |
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Cortical Networks for Postural Control and Body Representation |
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308 | (3) |
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311 | (14) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (6) |
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Gustatory System (The Sense of Taste) |
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317 | (8) |
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20 Motor Systems and Movements in General |
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325 | (3) |
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325 | (1) |
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Motor Networks Are Interwoven with Other Networks |
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325 | (1) |
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Classification of Movements |
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326 | (2) |
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21 The Peripheral Motor Neurons and Reflexes |
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328 | (24) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (9) |
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Reflexes: General Aspects |
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337 | (2) |
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Spinal Reflexes: The Flexion Reflex and Stretch Reflexes |
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339 | (7) |
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346 | (3) |
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Injury of Peripheral Motor Neurons and Regeneration |
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349 | (3) |
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22 The Motor Cortical Areas and Descending Pathways |
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352 | (26) |
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352 | (1) |
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The Pyramidal Tract (The Corticospinal Tract) |
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352 | (8) |
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Indirect Corticospinal Pathways |
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360 | (3) |
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Control of Automatic Movements |
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363 | (2) |
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Motor Cortical Areas and Control of Voluntary Movements |
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365 | (7) |
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Symptoms Caused by Interruption of Central Motor Pathways (Upper Motor Neurons) |
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372 | (6) |
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378 | (20) |
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378 | (1) |
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Structure and Connections of the Basal Ganglia |
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378 | (14) |
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The Ventral Striatopallidum |
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392 | (2) |
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Functions of the Basal Ganglia |
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394 | (1) |
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Diseases of the Basal Ganglia |
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395 | (3) |
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398 | (21) |
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398 | (1) |
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Subdivisions and Afferent Connections of the Cerebellum |
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398 | (7) |
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The Cerebellar Cortex and the Mossy and Climbing Fibers |
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405 | (5) |
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Efferent Connections of the Cerebellum |
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410 | (3) |
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Cerebellar Functions: General Aspects |
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413 | (3) |
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Functions and Symptoms Related to Specific Parts of the Cerebellum |
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416 | (3) |
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25 Control of Eye Movements |
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419 | (14) |
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419 | (1) |
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Movements of the Eyes and the Eye Muscles |
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419 | (4) |
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Brain Stem and Cerebellar Control of Eye Movements |
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423 | (5) |
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Cortical Control of Eye Movements |
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428 | (5) |
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Part Five The Brain Stem and the Cranial Nerves |
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26 The Reticular Formation: Premotor Networks, Consciousness, and Sleep |
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433 | (21) |
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433 | (1) |
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Structure and Connections of the Reticular Formation |
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433 | (9) |
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Functions of the Reticular Formation |
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442 | (3) |
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445 | (5) |
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450 | (4) |
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454 | (25) |
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454 | (1) |
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General Organization of the Cranial Nerves |
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454 | (6) |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (1) |
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462 | (3) |
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The Glossopharyngeal Nerve |
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465 | (1) |
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The Vestibulocochlear Nerve |
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466 | (1) |
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The Facial and Intermediate Nerves |
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466 | (3) |
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469 | (2) |
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The Abducens, Trochlear, and Oculomotor Nerves |
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471 | (8) |
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Part Six The Autonomic Nervous System |
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28 Visceral Efferent Neurons: The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions |
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479 | (21) |
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479 | (1) |
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479 | (4) |
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Peripheral Parts of the Sympathetic System |
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483 | (7) |
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Peripheral Parts of the Parasympathetic System |
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490 | (2) |
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The Enteric Nervous System |
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492 | (1) |
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Functional Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System |
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493 | (4) |
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Neurotransmitters in the Autonomic Nervous System |
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497 | (3) |
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29 Sensory Visceral Neurons and Visceral Reflexes |
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500 | (8) |
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500 | (1) |
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Visceral Receptors and Afferent Pathways |
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500 | (2) |
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502 | (3) |
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505 | (3) |
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30 The Central Autonomic System: The Hypothalamus |
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508 | (23) |
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508 | (1) |
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"Centers" in the Brain Stem for Coordination of Behavior |
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508 | (2) |
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Structure and Connections of the Hypothalamus |
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510 | (4) |
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The Hypothalamus and the Endocrine System |
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514 | (4) |
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518 | (6) |
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The Hypothalamus and the Immune System |
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524 | (2) |
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The Hypothalamus and Mental Functions |
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526 | (5) |
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Part Seven Limbic Structures |
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31 The Amygdala and Other Neuronal Groups with Relation to Emotions |
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531 | (14) |
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531 | (1) |
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What Is the "Limbic System"? |
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531 | (1) |
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532 | (7) |
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Some Aspects of Cortical Control of Autonomic Functions and Emotions |
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539 | (2) |
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Neuronal Groups in the Basal Parts of the Hemispheres: The Basal Forebrain |
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541 | (4) |
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32 The Hippocampal Formation: Learning and Memory |
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545 | (14) |
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545 | (1) |
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The Hippocampal Formation |
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545 | (5) |
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550 | (9) |
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Part Eight The Cerebral Cortex |
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33 The Cerebral Cortex: Intrinsic Organization and Connections |
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559 | (17) |
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559 | (1) |
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Structure of the Cerebral Cortex |
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559 | (10) |
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Connections of the Cerebral Cortex |
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569 | (7) |
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34 Functions of the Neocortex |
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576 | (21) |
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576 | (1) |
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Association Areas: General Aspects |
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576 | (5) |
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Parietal Association Areas |
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581 | (2) |
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Frontal Association Areas |
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583 | (3) |
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The Temporal Association Cortex |
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586 | (1) |
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587 | (1) |
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Language Functions of the Cerebral Cortex |
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588 | (4) |
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Function of the Commissural Connections: The Corpus Callosum |
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592 | (1) |
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Lateralization: The Division of Tasks between the Hemispheres |
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593 | (1) |
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Gender Differences and the Cerebral Cortex |
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594 | (3) |
| Literature |
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597 | (70) |
| Index |
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667 | |
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