National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on C
The United States generated approximately 292 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) annually, most of which (about 68 percent) were not recycled or composted. Recycling programs face a multitude of challenges today that complicate their stabi...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
National and international plans for halting and reversing climate change focus on reducing and eventually ending the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions: carbon dioxide (CO2) released by fossil fuel combustion. However, as the nation moves t...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology
2023 shattered global climate records as the warmest year in the modern record, bringing with it devastating impacts on human and natural systems. Methane emissions, about 60 of which come from human activities, are a major contributor to global wa...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Assessing and Improving Strategies for Preventing, Countering, and Responding
Domestic and foreign violent extremist organizations, or terrorist groups, have caused a greater amount of harm with chemical agents than with biological or radiological weapons. The United States capacity and capability to identify, prevent, counte...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Identifying Opportunities at the Interface of Chemi
The field of quantum information science (QIS) has witnessed a dramatic rise in scientific research activities in the 21st century as excitement has grown about its potential to revolutionize communications and computing, strengthen encryption, and e...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
Carbon materials pervade many aspects of modern life, from fuels and building materials to consumer goods and commodity chemicals. Reaching net-zero emissions will require replacing existing fossil-carbon-based systems with circular-carbon economie...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on the Chemistry of Urban Wildfires
Wildfires in America are becoming larger, more frequent, and more destructive, driven by climate change and existing land management practices. Many of these fires occur at the wildland-urban interface (WUI), areas where development and wildland are...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Emerging Science on Indoor Chemistry
People spend the vast majority of their time inside their homes and other indoor environments where they are exposed to a wide range of chemicals from building materials, furnishings, occupants, cooking, consumer products, and other sources. Despite...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Enhancing the U.S. Chemical Economy Through Investments in Fundamental Resear
Chemistry plays a pivotal role in the strength of the U.S. economy and the advancement of humankind. Chemists achievements include life-saving pharmaceuticals, advanced energy solutions, improved agricultural productivity, and novel materials used...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, National Academy of Engineering, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Chemical Engineering in the 21st Century:
Over the past century, the work of chemical engineers has helped transform societies and the lives of individuals, from the synthetic fertilizers that helped feed the world to the development of novel materials used in fuels, electronics, medical de...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, April Melvin
Wildland fires pose a growing threat to air quality and human health. Fire is a natural part of many landscapes, but the extent of area burned and the severity of fires have been increasing, concurrent with human movement into previously uninhabited...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee to Identify Innovative Technologies to Advance Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
In 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched the Pharmaceutical Quality for the 21st Century Initiative to encourage adoption of innovative technologies that would lead to an agile, flexible pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. The...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on a Research Agenda for a New Era in Separation Science
Separation science plays a critical role in maintaining our standard of living and quality of life. Many industrial processes and general necessities such as chemicals, medicines, clean water, safe food, and energy sources rely on chemical separation...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Ocean Studies Board, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Board on Agriculture and
To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, negative emissions technologies (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage tec...Lasīt vairāk
On July 30-31, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop titled Continuous Manufacturing for the Modernization of Pharmaceutical Production. This workshop discussed the business and regulatory concerns assoc...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams
In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earths atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, either from the lo...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential
Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools t...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Reducing the Threat of Improvised Explosive Device Attacks by Restricting Acc
Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are a type of unconventional explosive weapon that can be deployed in a variety of ways, and can cause loss of life, injury, and property damage in both military and civilian environments. Terrorists, violent extr...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Chemical Sciences Roundtable
The 21st century has witnessed a complete revolution in the understanding and description of bacteria in eco- systems and microbial assemblages, and how they are regulated by complex interactions among microbes, hosts, and environments. The human or...Lasīt vairāk
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Sciences, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Board on Life Sciences, Committee on Fut
Between 1973 and 2016, the ways to manipulate DNA to endow new characteristics in an organism (that is, biotechnology) have advanced, enabling the development of products that were not previously possible. What will the likely future products of bio...Lasīt vairāk
