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ix | |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xvii | |
Executive Summary |
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xviii | |
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What is the Purpose of the Study |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (6) |
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Climate Change - An Introduction |
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3 | (1) |
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Progress with Climate Change at the International Level |
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4 | (1) |
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Progress with Climate Change at the National Level |
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5 | (3) |
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The Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research |
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5 | (2) |
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The UK Climate Impacts Programme |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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Characterisation of the East Midlands |
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9 | (28) |
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9 | (3) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (6) |
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12 | (4) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (14) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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The Environment Agency's East Midlands Local Environment Agency Plans (LEAPs) |
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27 | (7) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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Regional Climate Change Scenarios for the East Midlands |
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37 | (44) |
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37 | (5) |
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Observed Trends in Environmental Parameters |
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37 | (1) |
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Future Climate Scenarios for the East Midlands from UKCIP98 |
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38 | (1) |
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Comparison of Regional Climate Change Scenarios |
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39 | (3) |
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Observed Trends in Environmental Parameters |
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42 | (11) |
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Historic Trends in Temperature |
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43 | (1) |
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Historic Trends in Precipitation and Gates |
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43 | (2) |
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Historic Trends in Evaporation and Humidity |
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45 | (2) |
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Historic Trends in River Flow |
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47 | (1) |
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Historic Trends in Sea Level |
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48 | (4) |
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Historic Trends in Water Quality |
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52 | (1) |
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Future Climate Scenarios for the East Midlands |
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53 | (21) |
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53 | (6) |
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59 | (1) |
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Regional Climate Model Scenario |
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60 | (6) |
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Statistically Downscaled Scenarios |
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66 | (6) |
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Statistical Downscaling (SDS) Compared with Raw HadCM2 (GCM) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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Recommendations for Future Research |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (6) |
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Potential Impacts of Climate Change in the East Midlands |
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81 | (70) |
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81 | (1) |
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Classification of Impact Domains |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (56) |
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Agriculture and Horticulture |
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82 | (8) |
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90 | (2) |
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Water Resources and Flooding |
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92 | (15) |
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107 | (10) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (2) |
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The Impact of Climate Change upon the Built Environment |
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122 | (4) |
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Manufacturing/Services and Retail |
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126 | (6) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (9) |
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147 | (4) |
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East Midlands' Stakeholder Perceptions of Climate Change |
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151 | (34) |
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Results of the Postal Questionnaire and Analysis |
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151 | (24) |
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How Important is Climate Change in Relation to Other Key Issues? |
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152 | (1) |
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The Impacts of Particular Types of Climate Change |
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152 | (1) |
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The Impacts of One Climate Change Scenario upon Twenty Sectors |
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152 | (2) |
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Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions |
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154 | (1) |
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Differences between Business and Non-Business Responses |
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155 | (1) |
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Commentary on the Questionnaire |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (18) |
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Results from a Set of Five Workshops |
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175 | (9) |
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Highlights from the Environment Agency Workshop |
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176 | (1) |
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Highlights from Buxton Workshop |
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177 | (1) |
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Highlights from Nottingham Workshop |
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177 | (1) |
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Highlights from Skegness Workshop |
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178 | (1) |
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Highlights from Workshop in Northampton |
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179 | (1) |
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Discussion and Analysis of Workshops |
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179 | (5) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (35) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data |
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187 | (1) |
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Emissions Estimation Methods |
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188 | (1) |
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Data Used in Determining Emissions |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Monitoring Future Emissions |
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190 | (1) |
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source |
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191 | (21) |
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Combustion in Energy Production and Transformation |
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203 | (1) |
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Combustion in Commercial, Public, Residential and Agricultural Sectors |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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Extraction/Distribution of Fossil Fuels |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Other Transport and Mobile Machinery |
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207 | (2) |
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Waste Treatment and Disposal |
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209 | (1) |
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Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use Change |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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East Midlands Initiatives to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions |
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212 | (3) |
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Future Activities and Opportunities |
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215 | (1) |
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Conclusions and Recommendations |
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215 | (3) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (2) |
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Responding to Climate Change and Conclusions |
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220 | (20) |
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220 | (1) |
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Organisational and Company Responses to Climate Change Impacts |
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220 | (8) |
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The Concept of Climate Change Headroom |
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228 | (3) |
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What are the Key Strategic Processes in the East Midlands that Should be Considering the Potential Impacts of Climate Change? |
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231 | (1) |
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What Indicators Should be Used for Climate Change? |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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Future Research Requirements |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (2) |
Appendix 1 Questionnaire: The Impacts of Climate Change in the East Midlands |
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240 | (7) |
Appendix 2 Notes on Buxton Stakeholder Workshop |
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247 | (10) |
Appendix 3 Notes on Nottingham Stakeholder Workshop |
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257 | (8) |
Appendix 4 Notes on Skegness Stakeholder Workshop |
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265 | (10) |
Appendix 5 Notes on Northampton Stakeholder Workshop |
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275 | |