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Characterization of Biomaterials [Hardback]

Edited by (New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA), Edited by (New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA), Edited by (University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey), Edited by (Major and Chief MLSO, Royal Army Medical College, Millbank, London, UK)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 334 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 650 g
  • Sērija : Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Dec-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Woodhead Publishing Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 184569810X
  • ISBN-13: 9781845698102
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Characterization of BiomaterialsPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 334 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 650 g
  • Sērija : Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Dec-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Woodhead Publishing Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 184569810X
  • ISBN-13: 9781845698102
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781845698102.html
Keywords:
Contributors from chemistry and other physical sciences and from a range of medical specialties discuss microscopy techniques for analyzing the phase nature and morphology of biomaterials, scattering techniques for the structural analysis of biomaterials, quantitative assays for measuring cell adhesion and motility in biomaterials, assays for determining cell differentiation, bioreactors for evaluating cell infiltration and tissue formation, studying molecular-scale protein-surface interactions, assessing the mutagenic effects of biomaterials by analyzing the cellular genome and abnormalities, using microarrays to measure cellular changes induced by biomaterials, and standards and methods for assessing the safety and bio-compatibility of biomaterials. Annotation ©2013 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Biomaterials and medical devices must be rigorously tested in the laboratory before they can be implanted in test subjects. Furthermore, by testing devices and materials quickly and efficiently in the laboratory, it is possible to increase the number of materials which may be studied and produce working implants faster. This book discusses the latest methods of characterizing materials in order to define the properties and pitfalls of potential biomaterials. Beginning with an introduction to microscopy techniques for analyzing the phase nature and morphology of biomaterials, chapters go on to discuss scattering techniques for structural analysis, quantitative assays for measuring cell adhesion, motility and differentiation, and the evaluation of cell infiltration and tissue formation using bioreactors. Further topics consider studying molecular-scale protein-surface interactions in biomaterials, analysis of the cellular genome and abnormalities, and the use of microarrays to measure cellular changes induced by biomaterials. Finally, the conclusion outlines standards and methods for assessing the safety and biocompatibility of biomaterials.

Recenzijas

"...a collection of topics fundamental for the characterization of biomaterials, contributed by the experts in the respective fields...very well-written and useful overview, suitable for specialists as well as researchers new to the field." --Biomat.net, March 2013

"A brief, yet very well-written and useful overview, suitable for specialists as well as researchers new to the field." --Dr. Aleksandr Ovsianikov, The Biomaterials Network.

Contributor contact details ix
Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials xiii
1 Microscopy techniques for analyzing the phase nature and morphology of biomaterials
1(33)
R. T. Dombrowski
1.1 Introduction: basic imaging concepts
1(2)
1.2 Image perception and interpretation
3(2)
1.3 Light microscopy
5(15)
1.4 Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM)
20(2)
1.5 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
22(6)
1.6 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
28(5)
1.7 References
33(1)
2 Scattering techniques for structural analysis of biomaterials
34(38)
N. Sanjeeva Murthy
2.1 Introduction
34(2)
2.2 Light scattering
36(5)
2.3 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction
41(8)
2.4 Measuring orientation using X-ray diffraction
49(7)
2.5 Small-angle scattering techniques
56(1)
2.6 Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
57(4)
2.7 Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS)
61(6)
2.8 Acknowledgment
67(1)
2.9 References
68(4)
3 Quantitative assays for measuring cell adhesion and motility in biomaterials
72(29)
N. D. Gallant
3.1 Introduction
72(8)
3.2 Cell attachment assays
80(1)
3.3 Cell adhesion strength
81(3)
3.4 Collective motility of cell populations
84(3)
3.5 Individual cell motility
87(3)
3.6 Conclusion and future trends
90(2)
3.7 References
92(9)
4 Assays for determining cell differentiation in biomaterials
101(37)
J. A. Cooper Jr.
B. R. Mintz
4.1 Introduction
101(1)
4.2 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) assays
102(11)
4.3 Protein and chemical assays
113(6)
4.4 Imaging assays
119(9)
4.5 Future trends
128(2)
4.6 References
130(8)
5 Bioreactors for evaluating cell infiltration and tissue formation in biomaterials
138(44)
R. A. Junka
L. E. Daly
X. Yu
5.1 Introduction
138(1)
5.2 Bioreactor designs
139(2)
5.3 Evaluation of cell infiltration and cell seeding
141(1)
5.4 Evaluation of tissue formation
142(18)
5.5 Importance of computational fluid mechanics in modeling, imaging, and simulation of the bioreactors
160(4)
5.6 Failure of bioreactors
164(2)
5.7 Future trends
166(1)
5.8 Conclusion
166(1)
5.9 Sources of further information and advice
167(1)
5.10 References
167(15)
6 Studying molecular-scale protein--surface interactions in biomaterials
182(42)
P. S. Sit
6.1 Introduction: surface-induced thrombosis on artificial surfaces
182(1)
6.2 Process and changes during protein adsorption
183(1)
6.3 Factors affecting protein adsorption
184(3)
6.4 Models of protein adsorption and adsorption isotherms
187(1)
6.5 Protein adsorption kinetics
187(1)
6.6 The Vroman effect
188(1)
6.7 Structure and functions of fibrinogen
188(5)
6.8 Intermolecular forces and interactions
193(4)
6.9 Adsorption profile and interfacial kinetics
197(2)
6.10 Competitive adsorption
199(1)
6.11 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
199(4)
6.12 Interfacial properties of fibrinogen studied by AFM
203(5)
6.13 Future trends
208(1)
6.14 Conclusion
209(1)
6.15 References
210(14)
7 Assessing the mutagenic effects of biomaterials: analyzing the cellular genome and abnormalities
224(38)
L. J. Sciorra
A. Arriola
7.1 Introduction
224(1)
7.2 DNA structure
225(2)
7.3 Genetic mutations
227(6)
7.4 Cytogenetic mutations
233(10)
7.5 Types of mutations that can occur at the chromosomal level
243(6)
7.6 Methods of detection of cytogenetic mutations
249(3)
7.7 Analyzing genomic organization and variations in genomic copy number
252(1)
7.8 Copy number variations (CNVs)
253(2)
7.9 Epigenetic effects on the genome
255(3)
7.10 Effects of biomaterials on mutagenesis
258(2)
7.11 Conclusion
260(1)
7.12 Sources of further information and advice
260(2)
8 Using microarrays to measure cellular changes induced by biomaterials
262(23)
V. M. Aris
8.1 Introduction
262(1)
8.2 What do we measure?
263(3)
8.3 Normalization
266(4)
8.4 Analysis
270(10)
8.5 Conclusion
280(1)
8.6 References
280(5)
9 Standards and methods for assessing the safety and biocompatibility of biomaterials
285(22)
S. C. Gad
9.1 Introduction
285(1)
9.2 Regulatory definition of medical devices
286(1)
9.3 International Standards Organization (ISO) regulation and guidance
286(2)
9.4 United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation and guidance
288(7)
9.5 Regulation and guidance in Japan and other countries
295(1)
9.6 Biological tests
295(7)
9.7 Phasing (timing) of non-clinical testing of medical devices
302(1)
9.8 Sources of further information and advice
302(4)
9.9 Bibliography
306(1)
Index 307
Professor Michael Jaffe was with Celanese and Hoechst Celanese Research in the USA before leaving for the Biomedical Engineering Department at New Jersey Institute of Technology. Willis B. Hammond is a Research Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at NJIT. Peter Tolias is Director of the Bio-innovation Program and a Research Professor in the Schaefer School of Engineering and Science at the Stevens Institute of Technology, USA. Treena Arinzeh is Professor of Biomedical Engineering at NJIT.