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Characterization of Liquids, Dispersions, Emulsions, and Porous Materials Using Ultrasound 3rd edition [Mīkstie vāki]

(CEO, Dispersion Technology Inc., NY, USA), (Former Chairman of Dispersion Technology Inc., NY, USA)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 590 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm, weight: 1220 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Aug-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 044463908X
  • ISBN-13: 9780444639080
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Characterization of Liquids, Dispersions, Emulsions, and Porous Materials Using Ultrasound 3rd editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 590 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm, weight: 1220 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Aug-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 044463908X
  • ISBN-13: 9780444639080
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780444639080.html
Keywords:

Characterization of Liquids, Dispersions, Emulsions and Porous Materials Using Ultrasound, Third Edition, presents scientific background for novel methods of characterizing homogeneous and heterogeneous liquids (dispersions, emulsions, gels) as well as porous materials. Homogeneous liquids are characterized in rheological terms, whereas particle size distribution and zeta potential are parameters of heterogeneous liquids. For porous materials - porosity, pore size, and zeta potential are output characteristics. These methods are based on ultrasound, which opens opportunity for simplifying sample preparation by eliminating dilution. This in turn, makes measurements faster, easier, precise, suitable for accurate quality control, PAT, and formulation of complex systems.

This book provides theoretical background from acoustics, rheology, colloid science, electrochemistry, and other relevant scientific fields, describing principles of existing instrumentation and, in particular, commercially available instruments. Finally, the book features an extensive list of existing applications.

  • Presents a theoretical multi-disciplinary background of several new ultrasound analytical techniques in one place
  • Validates the theoretical basis of several new analytical techniques
  • Compares the efficiency and applications of various ultrasound techniques
  • Lists many ultrasound applications in colloid chemistry
  • Contains an extensive bibliography on this multidisciplinary topic

Papildus informācija

This in-depth book presents the theoretical and scientific background behind using novel ultrasound techniques to characterize complex liquids
Preface to the Third Edition xiii
Preface to the Second Edition xv
Preface to the First Edition xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(18)
1.1 Historical Overview
3(5)
1.2 Versatility of Ultrasound-Based Characterization Techniques
8(1)
1.3 Comparison of Ultrasound-Based Methods With Traditional Techniques
9(10)
1.3.1 General Features
9(1)
1.3.2 Particle Sizing
10(1)
1.3.3 Measurements of ξ-Potential
11(1)
1.3.4 Longitudinal and Shear Rheologies
12(1)
1.3.5 Characterization of Porous Bodies
13(1)
References
13(6)
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science
19(66)
2.1 Real and Model Systems
20(2)
2.2 Particulates and Porous Systems
22(1)
2.3 Parameters of the Model Dispersion Medium
23(6)
2.3.1 Gravimetric Parameters
23(1)
2.3.2 Rheological Parameters
23(1)
2.3.3 Acoustic Parameters
24(1)
2.3.4 Thermodynamic Parameters
25(1)
2.3.5 Electrodynamic Parameters
26(1)
2.3.6 Electroacoustic Parameters
26(1)
2.3.7 Chemical Composition
27(1)
2.3.8 Electrochemical Composition of Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solutions
28(1)
2.4 Parameters of the Model Dispersed Phase
29(10)
2.4.1 Rigid Versus Soft Particles
31(1)
2.4.2 Solid Versus Fractal and Porous Particles
32(2)
2.4.3 Porous Body
34(1)
2.4.4 Particle-Size Distribution
35(4)
2.5 Parameters of the Model Interfacial Layer
39(10)
2.5.1 Rat Surfaces
41(1)
2.5.2 Spherical DL, Isolated, and Overlapped
42(3)
2.5.3 Electric Double Layer at High Ionic Strength
45(1)
2.5.4 Polarized State of the Electric Double Layer
45(4)
2.6 Interactions in Colloid and Interface Science
49(21)
2.6.1 Interactions of Colloid Particles in Equilibrium, Colloid Stability
50(3)
2.6.2 Biospecific Interactions
53(2)
2.6.3 Interaction in a Hydrodynamic Field, Cell and Core-Shell Models, Rheology
55(6)
2.6.4 Linear Interaction in an Electric Field, Electrokinetics and Dielectric Spectroscopy
61(6)
2.6.5 Nonlinear Interaction in the Electric Field, Nonlinear Electrophoresis, Electrocoagulation, and Electrorheology
67(3)
2.7 Traditional Particle Sizing
70(15)
2.7.1 Light Scattering---Extinction = Scattering + Absorption
72(4)
References
76(9)
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Acoustics in Homogeneous Liquids: Longitudinal Rheology
85(34)
3.1 Longitudinal Waves and the Wave Equation
86(3)
3.2 Acoustic Impedance
89(1)
3.3 Propagation Through Phase Boundaries---Reflection
90(3)
3.4 Longitudinal Rheology and Shear Rheology
93(3)
3.5 Longitudinal Rheology of Newtonian Liquids---Bulk Viscosity
96(5)
3.5.1 In Hydrodynamics
97(1)
3.5.2 In Acoustics
97(1)
3.5.3 In Analytical Chemistry
97(1)
3.5.4 In Molecular Theory of Liquids
97(1)
3.5.5 In Rheology
97(4)
3.6 Attenuation of Ultrasound in Newtonian Liquid---Stokes Law
101(2)
3.7 Newtonian Liquid Test Using Attenuation Frequency Dependence
103(5)
3.8 Chemical Composition Influence
108(11)
References
113(6)
Chapter 4 Acoustic Theory for Particulates
119(58)
4.1 Extinction = Absorption + Scattering - Superposition Approach
122(9)
4.2 Acoustic Theory for Dilute Systems
131(3)
4.3 Ultrasound Absorption in Concentrated Dispersions
134(17)
4.3.1 Coupled Phase Model
135(4)
4.3.2 Viscous Loss Theory
139(4)
4.3.3 Thermal Loss Theory
143(3)
4.3.4 Structural Loss Theory
146(4)
4.3.5 Intrinsic Loss Theory
150(1)
4.4 Ultrasound Scattering
151(11)
4.4.1 Rigid Sphere
155(1)
4.4.2 Rigid Cylinder
156(1)
4.4.3 Nonrigid Sphere
157(1)
4.4.4 Porous Sphere
158(1)
4.4.5 Scattering by a Group of Particles
159(1)
4.4.6 Scattering Coefficient
160(1)
4.4.7 Ultrasound Resonance by Air Bubbles
161(1)
4.5 Ultrasound Propagation in Porous Media
162(2)
4.6 Input Parameters
164(5)
4.7 Estimates of the Dense Particle Motion Parameters
169(8)
4.7.1 Particle Velocity
170(1)
4.7.2 Particle Displacement
171(1)
4.7.3 Shear Rate
171(1)
4.7.4 Quantum Limit for Acoustics
171(1)
References
172(5)
Chapter 5 Electroacoustic Theory
177(48)
5.1 The Theory of Ion Vibration Potential
180(2)
5.2 The Low-Frequency Electroacoustic Limit: Smoluchowski Limit
182(2)
5.3 The O'Brien Theory
184(3)
5.4 The Colloid Vibration Current in Concentrated Systems
187(12)
5.4.1 CVI and Sedimentation Current
188(5)
5.4.2 CVI for Polydisperse Systems
193(1)
5.4.3 Surface Conductivity
194(1)
5.4.4 Maxwell---Wagner Relaxation: Extended Frequency Range
195(2)
5.4.5 Water-in-Oil Emulsions, Conducting Particles
197(2)
5.5 Qualitative Analysis of Colloid Vibration Current
199(3)
5.6 Electroacoustic Theory for Concentrated Colloids With Overlapped DLs at Arbitrary ka---Application to Nanocolloids and Nonaqueous Colloids
202(13)
5.6.1 Homogeneous Model
205(3)
5.6.2 High-Frequency Model for Overlapped DLs
208(2)
5.6.3 Theoretical Predictions of Both Models
210(5)
5.7 Electroacoustics in Porous Body
215(10)
References
221(4)
Chapter 6 Experimental Verification of the Acoustic and Electroacoustic Theories
225(40)
6.1 Viscous Losses
225(4)
6.2 Thermal Losses
229(3)
6.3 Structural Losses
232(3)
6.4 Scattering Losses
235(3)
6.5 Electroacoustic Phenomena
238(9)
6.5.1 Electroacoustic Study of Dispersions Containing Two Types of Colloidal Particles
243(4)
6.6 Verification of the Particle Sizing for Nanoparticles Using Certified Reference Material
247(3)
6.7 Verification of the Particle Sizing at Elevated Temperatures
250(6)
6.8 Comparison of Acoustic Particle Sizing With Electron Microscopy for Micron-Sized Particles
256(9)
References
260(5)
Chapter 7 Acoustic and Electroacoustic Measurement Techniques
265(42)
7.1 Historical Perspective
265(1)
7.2 Difference Between Measurement and Analysis
266(1)
7.3 Measurement of Attenuation and Sound Speed Using Interferometry
267(1)
7.4 Measurement of Attenuation and Sound Speed Using the Transmission Technique
268(12)
7.4.1 Historical Development of the Transmission Technique
268(2)
7.4.2 Detailed Description of the Dispersion Technology DT-100 Acoustic Spectrometer
270(1)
7.4.2.1 Acoustic Sensor
271(1)
7.4.2.2 Electronics
272(2)
7.4.2.3 Measurement Procedure
274(6)
7.5 Precision, Accuracy, and Dynamic Range for Transmission Measurements
280(6)
7.6 Analysis of Attenuation and Sound Speed to Yield Desired Outputs
286(8)
7.6.1 The Ill-defined Problem
286(5)
7.6.2 Precision, Accuracy, and Resolution of the Analysis
291(3)
7.7 Measurement of Electroacoustic Properties
294(5)
7.7.1 Electroacoustic Measurement of CVI
294(4)
7.7.2 CVI Measurement Using Energy Loss Approach
298(1)
7.8 ξ-Potential Calculation from the Analysis of CVI
299(1)
7.9 Measurement of Acoustic Impedance
300(7)
References
303(2)
Further Reading
305(2)
Chapter 8 Applications for Dispersions
307(50)
8.1 Characterization of Aggregation and Flocculation
307(8)
8.2 Principles of Particle Sizing in Mixed Colloids With Several Dispersed Phases
315(3)
8.3 Mixtures With High Density Contrast: Ceramics, Oxides, Minerals, and Pigments
318(11)
8.4 Composition of Mixtures With High Density Contrast
329(5)
8.5 Cosmetics---Mixtures of Solids in Emulsions
334(4)
8.6 Milling
338(3)
8.7 Particles With Polyelectrolyte Coatings
341(5)
8.8 Graphene Oxide Stability in Variety of Solvents
346(4)
8.9 Clays, Particle Sizing, and ξ-Potential
350(7)
References
352(5)
Chapter 9 Applications for Nanodispersions
357(36)
9.1 Reference Nanomaterial for the Particle Sizing and ξ-Potential in Dilute and Concentrated Systems: Colloidal Silica Ludox
358(4)
9.2 Large Particle Content Resolution Using Acoustics
362(4)
9.3 Monitoring Presence of Large Particle Using Electroacoustics
366(3)
9.4 Monitoring Nanoparticles Content in Systems With a Broad Polydisperse Size Distribution
369(9)
9.5 Stabilizing Iron Nanoparticles Using Gels
378(3)
9.6 ξ-Potential for Characterizing Surface Modification (Coverage) of Nanoparticles
381(8)
9.7 Limitation of Ultrasound-Based Method for Characterizing Nanodispersions
389(4)
References
390(2)
Further Reading
392(1)
Chapter 10 Applications for Emulsions and Other Soft Particles
393(36)
10.1 Particle Sizing of Emulsions and Microemulsions
394(4)
10.2 Monitoring Emulsion Stability
398(3)
10.3 Water-in-Oil Emulsion Evolution Controlled by Ion Exchange
401(4)
10.4 Dairy Products
405(11)
10.4.1 Skim Milk Characterization
410(4)
10.4.2 Sol-Gel Transition During Milk Gelation
414(2)
10.5 Biological Cells: Blood
416(3)
10.6 Soft Particles: Latex
419(1)
10.7 Micellar Systems Particle Sizing and Rheology
420(4)
10.8 CMC, Polymers, Gelation
424(1)
10.9 ξ-Potential Measurements of Soft Particles
424(5)
References
425(3)
Further Reading
428(1)
Chapter 11 Titrations
429(28)
11.1 pH Titration
429(2)
11.2 Surfactant Titration
431(5)
11.3 Salt Titration: High Ionic Strength
436(10)
11.3.1 Double Layer at High Ionic Strength
438(2)
11.3.2 Titration of Hematite in Various High Concentration Electrolytes
440(4)
11.3.3 Electroacoustic Background
444(2)
11.4 Cement Surfactant Titration
446(5)
11.5 Time Titration and Kinetics of the Surface-Bulk Equilibration
451(1)
11.6 Importance of Mixing, Agitation During Titration
452(5)
References
453(4)
Chapter 12 Applications for Ions and Molecules
457(28)
12.1 Ionic Solvation Numbers in Aqueous Solutions
457(3)
12.2 Characterization of Ions in Nonaqueous Media
460(11)
12.3 Proteins Electric Charges
471(14)
12.3.1 pH Titration
477(1)
12.3.2 Ca+2 Titration
478(1)
12.3.3 Ionic Strength Titration With KC1
479(3)
References
482(2)
Further Reading
484(1)
Chapter 13 Applications for Porous Bodies
485(34)
13.1 Streaming Current and Streaming Potential
489(2)
13.2 Instrument Setup
491(1)
13.3 Deposits of Solid Particles
492(9)
13.4 Deposits of Controlled Pore Glass Samples
501(3)
13.5 Geological Cores
504(3)
13.6 ξ-Potential of Membranes
507(6)
13.6.1 Results of Theory for Thin Isolated Double Layers
508(1)
13.6.2 Results of Theory for Thick Overlapped Double Layers
509(1)
13.6.3 Lateral Heterogeneity of Membrane
509(3)
13.6.4 KC1 Titration
512(1)
13.6.5 pH Titrations in Different KC1 Solutions
512(1)
13.6.6 Copper Sulfate Titration
512(1)
13.7 Porosity Measurement Using High-Frequency Conductivity Probe
513(6)
References
516(3)
Chapter 14 Peculiar Applications of Acoustics and Electroacoustics for Characterizing Complex Liquids
519(36)
14.1 Acoustic Particle Sizing in Gels and Non-Newtonian Liquids---Heterogeneous Concept, Microviscosity
519(6)
14.2 Characterization of Polymer Solutions Using Longitudinal and Shear Rheology---Homogeneous Concept, Macroviscosity
525(7)
14.3 Electroacoustics of Particles in Gels
532(5)
14.3.1 Particle Size Less Than Gel Mesh Size
533(1)
14.3.2 Particle Size Greater Than Gel Mesh Size (Gel-Trapped Particles)
534(2)
14.3.3 Effect of Degree of Trapping
536(1)
14.4 Monitoring of Fast Dissolution
537(1)
14.5 Effect of Air Bubbles: Air Content in Toothpaste
538(2)
14.6 Wettability Study With ξ-Potential Measurement
540(3)
14.6.1 Limestone---Water Mixture
542(1)
14.6.2 Limestone---Water Mixture With Inhibitors
542(1)
14.7 Magnetic Fluids Characterization
543(2)
14.8 Acoustic Spectroscopy for Evaluating Rod-Like Particles
545(10)
References
550(2)
Further Reading
552(3)
List of Symbols 555(4)
Index 559
Andrei S. Dukhin is CEO and Co-Founder of Dispersion Technology, Inc., USA. He has been a leader in the development of a new technology for characterizing complex liquids that employs ultrasound for characterizing interfacial chemistry, particle size, and rheological properties of said systems. He has authored three books published by Elsevier, most recently Characterization of Liquids, Nano- and Microparticulates, and Porous Bodies using Ultrasound with Philip J. Goetz back in 2010. He holds 7 USA patents on electroacoustic methods of measuring zeta potential and has published more than 120 scientific papers. He established Dispersion Technology Inc, which installs more than 850 instruments for measuring zeta potential in 30 countries. Philip J. Goetz has an Electrical Engineering bachelor degree (MIT) and an MS in Computer Science (New York University). Between 19601970, he was an Engineering Group leader developing doppler radar technology for military airborne navigation and image recognition hardware for airborne terrain guidance. He has been President, chief scientist and founder of a new venture for developing electro-optical instrumentation for characterizing the zeta potential of dilute colloids. From 1996 2010 he was Chairman and co-founder of Dispersion Technology for the development of ultrasound instrumentation for complex characterization of concentrated colloids.