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E-grāmata: Chemistry for Environmental and Earth Sciences

(University of Wolverhampton, UK)
  • Formāts: 248 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Oct-2007
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781420005691
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Chemistry for Environmental and Earth SciencesPalielināt
  • Formāts: 248 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Oct-2007
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781420005691
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Tackling environmental issues such as global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, water pollution, and soil contamination requires an understanding of the underlying science and chemistry of these processes in real-world systems and situations. Chemistry for Environmental and Earth Sciences provides a student-friendly introduction to the basic chemistry used for the mitigation, remediation, and elimination of pollutants.

Written and organized in a style that is accessible to science as well as non-science majors, this textbook divides its content into four intuitive chapters: Fire, Earth, Water, and Air. The first chapter explains classical concepts in chemistry that occur in nature such as atomic and molecular structures, chemical bonding and reactions, states of matter, phase transitions, and radioactivity. Subsequent chapters focus on the chemistry relating to the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere including the chemical aspects of soil, water, and air pollution, respectively.

Chemistry for Environmental and Earth Sciences uses worked examples and case studies drawn from current applications along with clear diagrams and concise explanations to illustrate the relevance of chemistry to geosciences. In-text and end-of-chapter questions with complete solutions also help students gain confidence in applying concepts from this book towards solving current, real-world problems.



Focuses on the chemistry and processes behind environmental issues such as global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, water pollution, and soil contamination. This title uses worked examples and case studies drawn from applications along with clear diagrams and concise explanations to illustrate the relevance of chemistry to geosciences.

Recenzijas

"The book has been written with a refreshing degree of elan and didactic skill, and on the whole it succeeds well in its aim . . ."

Dieter Lenoir, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, in Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2008, Vol. 47, No. 31

". . . the work is valuable for its informational content and readable style for undergraduate coursework in chemistry, environmental, and earth sciences . . . Summing Up: Recommended."

D. H. Stedman, University of Denver, in Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, May 2008, Vol. 45, No. 9

"Chemistry for Environmental and Earth Sciences is an original chemistry text book in the sense that it provides a friendly introduction to the basic chemistry concepts from the perspective of those environmental problems . . . The book is easy to read and fills a gap for undergraduate students of environmental and earth sciences, physical geography and geology."

J. Albaigés, CID-CSIC, in International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, April 2008, Vol. 88, No. 5

"The book helps the environmental geochemists and engineers in their study of environmental science or earth science. It provides a student-friendly introduction to the basic chemistry used for the mitigation, remediation, and elimination of pollutants."

- Fakhry A. Assaad, Environ Geol (2008) Vol. 54, p.1803

Chapter 1 Fire
1(70)
1.1 Atoms and Elements
1(20)
1.1.1 The Structure of Atoms
1(4)
Self-Assessment Questions
5(1)
1.1.2 The Origin of the Elements
5(4)
1.1.3 The Periodic Table
9(1)
1.1.4 Electrons and Electron Orbitals
10(4)
Self-Assessment Question
14(1)
1.1.5 Radioactivity
14(2)
Self-Assessment Questions
16(2)
1.1.6 Radiometric Dating Methods
18(3)
1.2 States of Matter
21(8)
1.2.1 Plasma
21(1)
1.2.2 Gases
22(1)
Self-Assessment Question
23(1)
1.2.3 Liquids
23(1)
1.2.4 Solids
24(2)
1.2.5 Phase Transitions and Phase Diagrams
26(2)
Self-Assessment Question
28(1)
1.2.6 Pure Substances, Compounds, and Mixtures
28(1)
1.3 Units of Measurement
29(7)
1.3.1 SI and Non-SI Units
30(2)
Self-Assessment Questions
32(1)
1.3.2 Scientific Notation and SI Prefixes
32(1)
Self-Assessment Question
33(1)
1.3.3 Concentrations and Solutions
33(1)
Self-Assessment Question
34(2)
1.4 Chemical Bonding
36(10)
1.4.1 Covalent Bonding
37(2)
Self-Assessment Questions
39(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
40(1)
1.4.2 Cations, Anions, and Ionic Bonding
41(2)
Self-Assessment Question
43(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
44(1)
1.4.3 Metallic Bonding
44(1)
1.4.4 Electronegativity, Polar Bonds, and Hydrogen Bonding
45(1)
1.5 Chemical Structures
46(16)
1.5.1 Structures of Organic Compounds
47(4)
Self-Assessment Question
51(1)
1.5.2 Three-Dimensional Structures, Chirality, and Optical Isomers
52(2)
1.5.3 Structures of Molecular Inorganic Compounds
54(1)
Self-Assessment Question
55(1)
1.5.4 Structures of Extended Networks
55(7)
1.6 Chemical Reactions and Equilibria
62(5)
1.6.1 Chemical Reactions
62(1)
Self-Assessment Question
63(1)
1.6.2 The Energy of Chemical Reactions
63(1)
Self-Assessment Question
64(1)
1.6.3 Chemical Equilibria and Le Chatelier's Principle
65(1)
Self-Assessment Question
66(1)
1.7 Summary
67(4)
Self-Assessment Questions
68(3)
Chapter 2 Earth
71(48)
2.1 Formation of the Earth
71(3)
2.1.1 The Structure of the Earth
72(2)
2.2 The Structures of Silicate Minerals
74(12)
2.2.1 Silicates Formed from Isolated Tetrahedra --- Orthosilicates
75(2)
2.2.2 Single-Chain Silicates --- Pyroxenes
77(1)
2.2.3 Double-Chain Silicates --- Amphiboles
77(1)
2.2.4 Sheet Silicates --- Micas, Clays, and Talc
78(4)
2.2.5 Framework or Tectosilicates --- Silica, Feldspars, and Zeolites
82(4)
2.3 Igneous Rocks
86(11)
2.3.1 The Composition of Igneous Rocks
86(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
87(1)
2.3.2 Crystallisation of Igneous Rocks
87(1)
Self-Assessment Question
88(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
89(1)
2.3.3 Phase Diagrams
89(3)
Self-Assessment Questions
92(3)
Self-Assessment Questions
95(1)
2.3.4 Trace Elements in Igneous Rocks
95(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
96(1)
2.3.5 Mineral Stability
96(1)
2.4 Sedimentary Rocks
97(5)
2.4.1 Siliciclastic Rocks
98(1)
2.4.2 Carbonates
99(1)
2.4.3 Evaporites
100(1)
2.4.4 The Mineral Composition of Sedimentary Rocks
101(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
101(1)
2.4.5 The Chemical Composition of Sedimentary Rocks
102(1)
2.5 Metamorphic Rocks
102(5)
2.5.1 Metamorphism by Recrystallisation
103(1)
2.5.2 Metamorphism and Chemical Reactions
103(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
104(1)
2.5.3 Biological Reactions
105(2)
2.6 Weathering
107(3)
2.6.1 Physical Weathering
107(1)
2.6.2 Chemical Weathering
108(2)
2.6.3 Biological Weathering
110(1)
2.7 The Chemistry of Soil
110(7)
2.7.1 Soil Organic Matter
111(1)
2.7.2 Ion Exchange and Soil pH
112(2)
2.7.3 Soil Pollution
114(3)
2.8 Summary
117(2)
Chapter 3 Water
119(46)
3.1 The Properties of Water
119(6)
3.1.1 The Phase Diagram of Water
119(1)
3.1.2 Water and Hydrogen Bonding
120(2)
3.1.3 Water and Heat
122(2)
3.1.4 Water as a Solvent
124(1)
3.1.5 The Water Cycle
124(1)
3.2 Acids, Bases, and the pH Scale
125(12)
3.2.1 Acids and Bases
126(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
127(1)
3.2.2 The Relative Strength of Acids and Bases
127(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
128(1)
3.2.3 Strong Acids and Bases
128(1)
3.2.4 Weak Acids and Bases
129(2)
Self-Assessment Questions
131(1)
3.2.5 The Self-Ionisation of Water
131(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
132(1)
3.2.6 The pH Scale
132(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
133(1)
3.2.7 Acid-Base Titrations
133(2)
Self-Assessment Questions
135(1)
3.2.8 Buffer Solutions
135(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
136(1)
3.3 Ions in Solution
137(11)
3.3.1 The Solvation of Ions
137(2)
3.3.2 Sparingly Soluble Salts and Solubility Products
139(1)
Self-Assessment Question
140(1)
3.3.3 The Carbonate System
140(2)
Self-Assessment Questions
142(2)
3.3.4 Hardness of Water
144(1)
3.3.5 The Chemistry of Seawater
145(3)
3.4 Redox Chemistry
148(8)
3.4.1 Oxidation, Reduction, and Oxidation States
148(2)
Self-Assessment Questions
150(1)
3.4.2 Redox Potentials and Stability Field Diagrams
150(2)
Self-Assessment Questions
152(1)
3.4.3 Speciation
153(1)
3.4.4 The Redox Chemistry of Nitrogen
154(2)
3.5 Colloids and Suspended Particles
156(1)
3.6 Water Pollution
157(4)
3.6.1 Heavy Metals
157(1)
3.6.2 Nutrients and Eutrophication
158(1)
3.6.3 Organic Pollutants
159(1)
3.6.4 Marine Oil Pollution
160(1)
3.7 Summary
161(4)
Chapter 4 Air
165(34)
4.1 The Structure of the Atmosphere
165(2)
4.2 Evolution and Composition of the Atmosphere
167(4)
Self-Assessment Question
170(1)
4.3 Biogeochemical cycles
171(5)
4.3.1 The Carbon Cycle
171(2)
4.3.2 The Nitrogen Cycle
173(2)
4.3.3 The Sulfur Cycle
175(1)
4.4 Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect
176(5)
Self-Assessment Question
179(2)
4.5 The Ozone Layer
181(3)
4.5.1 Ozone Formation and UV Protection
181(1)
Self-Assessment Questions
182(1)
4.5.2 Ozone Depletion
182(1)
Self-Assessment Question
183(1)
4.6 Air Pollution
184(12)
4.6.1 The Key Pollutants
184(5)
4.6.2 Urban Smog
189(2)
Self-Assessment Question
191(1)
4.6.3 Dispersal of Pollutants
191(2)
Self-Assessment Question
193(2)
4.6.4 Indoor Air Quality
195(1)
4.7 Summary
196(3)
Answers to Self-Assessment Questions
199(22)
Chapter 1
199(8)
Chapter 2
207(4)
Chapter 3
211(7)
Chapter 4
218(3)
Index 221
Catherine Vanessa Anne Duke, Craig Denver Williams
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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