| Introduction |
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v | |
| How to use this book |
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vi | |
| Acknowledgements |
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viii | |
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1 Stoichiometric relationships |
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1 | (11) |
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1.1 The particulate nature of matter and chemical change |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 States of matter (solids, liquids and gases) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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1.5 Empirical and molecular formulas |
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4 | (1) |
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1.6 Using moles in calculations |
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5 | (4) |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (11) |
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2.1 The structure of atoms |
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12 | (1) |
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2.2 Isotopes and relative atomic masses |
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13 | (1) |
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2.3 Electron configurations |
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14 | (3) |
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2.4 Atomic emission spectra |
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17 | (1) |
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2.5 Atomic spectra calculations (HL only) |
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18 | (1) |
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2.6 Ionisation energy (HL only) |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (9) |
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23 | (1) |
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3.2 Variation of properties down a group and across a period |
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24 | (3) |
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3.3 Chemical properties of elements in the same group |
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27 | (1) |
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3.4 The transition metals (d block) (HL only) |
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28 | (2) |
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3.5 Formation of coloured complexes (HL only) |
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30 | (2) |
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4 Chemical bonding and structure |
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32 | (14) |
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32 | (1) |
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4.2 Ionic bonding and structure |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (4) |
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4.4 Intermolecular forces |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (1) |
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4.6 Lewis structures and formal charge (HL only) |
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40 | (1) |
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4.7 Sigma and pi bonding (HL only) |
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41 | (1) |
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4.8 Shapes of molecules with 5 or 6 electron domains (HL only) |
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42 | (1) |
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4.9 Hybridisation (HL only) |
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43 | (1) |
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4.10 Delocalisation (HL only) |
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43 | (3) |
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46 | (12) |
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5.1 Measuring energy changes |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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5.4 Potential energy profiles |
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51 | (1) |
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5.5 Born--Haber cycles (HL only) |
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52 | (1) |
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5.6 Enthalpy change of solution (HL only) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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5.8 Predicting whether a reaction will be spontaneous (HL only) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (9) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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6.3 Factors that affect the rate of reaction |
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59 | (2) |
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6.4 The rate equation (rate expression) (HL only) |
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61 | (2) |
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6.5 Reaction mechanisms (HL only) |
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63 | (2) |
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6.6 The Arrhenius equation (HL only) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (8) |
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7.1 The equilibrium state |
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67 | (1) |
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7.2 The equilibrium constant, Kc |
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67 | (1) |
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7.3 The position of equilibrium |
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68 | (2) |
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7.4 Calculations involving equilibrium constants (HL only) |
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70 | (2) |
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7.5 Explaining Le Chatelier's principle (HL only) |
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72 | (1) |
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7.6 Equilibrium constants and Gibbs free energy (HL only) |
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72 | (3) |
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75 | (13) |
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8.1 Brønsted--Lowry acids and bases |
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75 | (1) |
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8.2 The reactions of acids |
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76 | (1) |
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8.3 Strong and weak acids and bases |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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8.6 Calculations involving acids and bases (HL only) |
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80 | (2) |
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8.7 pH (titration) curves (HL only) |
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82 | (3) |
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8.8 Buffer solutions (HL only) |
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85 | (1) |
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8.9 Lewis acids and bases (HL only) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (13) |
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88 | (1) |
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9.2 Oxidation and reduction |
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89 | (3) |
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9.3 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) |
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92 | (1) |
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9.4 Electrochemical cells |
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93 | (1) |
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9.5 Standard electrode potentials (HL only) |
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94 | (3) |
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9.6 Electrolysis of aqueous solutions (HL only) |
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97 | (4) |
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101 | (19) |
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10.1 Fundamentals of organic chemistry |
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101 | (5) |
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10.2 Functional group chemistry |
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106 | (5) |
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10.3 Types of organic reactions (HL only) |
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111 | (4) |
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10.4 Synthetic routes (HL only) |
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115 | (2) |
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10.5 Stereoisomerism (HL only) |
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117 | (3) |
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11 Measurement, data processing and analysis |
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120 | (13) |
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11.1 Qualitative and quantitative data |
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120 | (1) |
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11.2 Uncertainties and errors in measurement and results |
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120 | (4) |
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11.3 Graphical techniques |
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124 | (1) |
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11.4 Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds |
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125 | (1) |
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11.5 Spectroscopic techniques |
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126 | (7) |
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133 | (25) |
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A.1 Introduction to materials science |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (2) |
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A.7 Environmental impact of plastics |
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145 | (2) |
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A.8 Superconducting metals and X-ray crystallography (HL only) |
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147 | (3) |
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A.9 Condensation polymers (HL only) |
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150 | (2) |
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A.10 Environmental impact -- heavy metals (HL only) |
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152 | (1) |
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A.11 Methods for removing heavy metals (HL only) |
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153 | (5) |
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158 | (25) |
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B.1 Introduction to biochemistry |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (4) |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (1) |
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B.6 Biochemistry and the environment |
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169 | (2) |
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B.7 Proteins and enzymes (HL only) |
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171 | (3) |
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B.8 Nucleic acids (HL only) |
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174 | (2) |
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B.9 Biological pigments (HL only) |
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176 | (3) |
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B.10 Stereochemistry in biomolecules (HL only) |
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179 | (4) |
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183 | (26) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (3) |
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C.3 Nuclear fusion and fission |
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188 | (3) |
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C.4 Solar energy in biological systems |
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191 | (2) |
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C.5 Environmental impact -- global warming |
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193 | (3) |
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C.6 Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries and fuel cells (HL only) |
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196 | (4) |
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C.7 Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission (HL only) |
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200 | (5) |
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C.8 Photovoltaic cells and dye-sensitised solar cells (HL only) |
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205 | (4) |
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209 | (20) |
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D.1 Pharmaceutical products and drug action |
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209 | (3) |
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D.2 Aspirin and penicillin |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (1) |
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D.4 pH regulation of the stomach |
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216 | (2) |
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D.5 Antiviral medications |
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218 | (2) |
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D.6 Environmental impact of some medications |
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220 | (1) |
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D.7 Taxol -- a chiral auxiliary case study (HL only) |
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221 | (1) |
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D.8 Nuclear medicine (HL only) |
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222 | (3) |
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D.9 Drug detection and analysis (HL only) |
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225 | (4) |
| Glossary |
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229 | (2) |
| Answers to Test yourself questions |
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231 | (13) |
| Index |
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244 | |
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