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Child Abuse Quick Reference: For Health Care, Social Service, and Law Enforcement Professionals Third Edition [Mīkstie vāki]

  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 236 pages, height x width x depth: 203x127x34 mm, weight: 525 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Jun-2017
  • Izdevniecība: STM Learning
  • ISBN-10: 1936590344
  • ISBN-13: 9781936590346
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 236 pages, height x width x depth: 203x127x34 mm, weight: 525 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Jun-2017
  • Izdevniecība: STM Learning
  • ISBN-10: 1936590344
  • ISBN-13: 9781936590346
Child Abuse Quick Reference remains the most detailed and convenient field guide to child maltreatment

444 pages, 174 images, 64 contributorsThe Third Edition of Child Abuse Quick Reference is completely revised and expanded, with new and emerging science for the multidisciplinary response to child abuse. It features updated models for the investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of child abuse as well as three all-new chapters on: nonfatal strangulation in children, pregnancy in sexually abused minors, and prevention of child maltreatment. With this latest edition, Child Abuse Quick Reference remains the most detailed and convenient field guide to child maltreatment—ideal for professionals working directly with abused children. Medical practitioners, social workers, attorneys, law enforcement personnel, and others will find this easy-to-use guide essential to their work on the front lines of prevention and intervention in cases of child maltreatment.

Revised and expanded, this reference outlines best practices for the investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of child abuse. Physicians, nurses, and law enforcement personnel working in the US provide tools and approaches to the identification and documentation of injury, the developmental approach to understanding children and language, evidence collection, the biomechanics of injury, and recommended medical evaluations and management. They address radiology, head trauma, nonfatal strangulation, bruises and burns, ophthalmic manifestations and oral injuries, thoracoabdominal injuries, poisoning, neglect, abandonment, failure to thrive, sexual abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy, medical abuse, the role of law enforcement, interdisciplinary death investigation, DNA, and prevention. Annotation ©2017 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)
Chapter 1 Introduction To Child Maltreatment 1(10)
Definitions
1(1)
Introduction
2(1)
Human Trafficking
3(1)
Estimated Statistics
4(1)
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES): Outcomes
4(1)
Guidelines for Assessment
5(1)
Reporting
5(1)
Legislation
6(1)
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
6(1)
Trafficking Victims Protection Act
6(1)
Safe Harbor Laws
7(1)
References
7(4)
Chapter 2 Radiology 11(26)
Imaging of Child Abuse
11(1)
Manifestations of Child Abuse
12(22)
Musculoskeletal Findings
12(7)
Musculoskeletal Child Abuse Mimics
19(4)
Neurological Findings
23(5)
Abdominopelvic Findings
28(5)
Chest Findings
33(1)
References
34(3)
Chapter 3 Head Trauma 37(28)
Mechanisms of Injury (Table 3-1)
37(1)
Blunt Impact Head Injury
38(6)
External Craniofacial Injury
38(3)
Skull Fractures
41(2)
Epidural Hemorrhage
43(1)
Rotational Head Injury and Abusive Head Trauma
44(9)
Mechanisms of Injury
44(1)
Clinical Presentation
44(1)
Retinal Hemorrhages
45(1)
Differential Diagnosis
46(1)
Diagnosis of Brain Injury
46(1)
Diagnostic Imaging
47(1)
Associated Injuries in Abusive Head Trauma
48(1)
Intracranial Injury
48(4)
Subdural Hemorrhage
48(1)
Axonal Injury
49(1)
Primary Versus Secondary Injuries
50(2)
Spinal Injury
52(1)
Timing of Injury
52(1)
Differential Diagnosis
53(3)
Bleeding Disorders
53(2)
Metabolic Disorders
55(1)
Birth Injury
56(1)
Intracranial Pathology
56(1)
Outcomes
56(1)
References
57(8)
Chapter 4 Nonfatal Strangulation In Children 65(14)
Introduction
65(1)
Challenges in Evaluating Pediatric Strangulation Cases
65(1)
Pediatric Anatomy of the Head and Neck
66(2)
Airway
66(2)
Head and Neck
68(1)
Clinical Presentation
68(2)
Differential Diagnosis
70(2)
Choking Game
70(1)
Accidental
71(1)
Suicide
71(1)
Medical Mimics
72(1)
Recommendations for Health Care Providers and First Responders
72(4)
History
72(1)
Physical Exam
73(1)
Forensic Evaluation
73(1)
Diagnostic Testing
74(1)
Documentation
75(1)
Follow-up
75(1)
Reporting
76(1)
Conclusion
76(1)
References
77(2)
Chapter 5 Bruises And Burns 79(42)
The Skin
79(3)
Types of Blunt Injury
82(1)
Bruises
82(10)
Common Tests for Children With Bruising
84(1)
Documentation
85(1)
Conditions That Mimic Abuse
86(6)
Assessment of Children Who Suffer Bruising or Burning
92(8)
Developmental Indicators
92(1)
Patterned Injuries
93(6)
Lack of Bruising
99(1)
Falls
100(1)
Sibling Involvement
100(1)
Burns
100(12)
Scald Burns
104(3)
Contact Burns: Intentional Non-scald Burns (INSB)
107(2)
Flame Burns
109(1)
Nonabusive Mimics and Burns
110(1)
Differential Diagnosis for the Health Care Provider
111(1)
History
111(1)
Physical Examination of Burns
112(1)
References
112(9)
Chapter 6 Ophthalmic Manifestations And Oral Injuries 121(16)
Ophthalmic Manifestations
121(8)
Eyelids and Periorbital Area
123(1)
Conjunctiva
124(1)
Cornea, Anterior Chamber, and Lens
125(1)
Retina
126(1)
Retinal Signs of Abusive Head Trauma
126(3)
Oral Injuries in Child Abuse
129(4)
Hard Tissue Injuries
129(1)
Injuries to Teeth
129(1)
Injuries to Supporting Structures
130(1)
Soft Tissue Injuries
130(1)
Lips
130(1)
Tongue
131(1)
Hard and Soft Palate
131(1)
Bite Marks/Pattern Injuries
131(2)
Child Neglect
133(1)
References
133(4)
Chapter 7 Thoracoabdominal Injuries 137(14)
Mechanisms of Injury
137(5)
Thoracic Injuries
137(2)
Abdominal Injuries
139(3)
Medical Evaluation
142(4)
History
142(1)
Physical Examination
142(10)
Laboratory Evaluation
143(1)
Diagnostic Imaging of Thoracic Injuries
143(1)
Diagnostic Imaging of Abdominal Injuries
144(2)
References
146(5)
Chapter 8 The Chemically Abused Child (Poisoning) 151(18)
Definitions
151(1)
Epidemiology
152(1)
Intentional Abusive Poisoning
152(5)
Caregiver Psychopathology
153(2)
Facilitation of Sexual Assault or Abuse
155(1)
Discipline
156(1)
Behavior Modification
156(1)
Other Motives
157(1)
Association With Physical Abuse
157(1)
Unintentional Nonabusive Poisoning
157(2)
Dealing With Neglect and Endangerment
159(3)
Methamphetamine
159(2)
Caustic Ingestion
161(1)
Evaluation
162(4)
History of Present Illness
162(3)
Clinical Laboratory Tests
165(1)
Radiographic Imaging
166(1)
References
166(3)
Chapter 9 Neglect, Abandonment, And Failure To Thrive 169(34)
Definitions
169(4)
Conceptual Model
173(1)
Dynamics of Neglect
174(1)
Evaluation of Neglect in the Health Care Setting
175(1)
Generic Screening
175(1)
Specific Screening
176(1)
Role of the Health Care Provider
176(1)
Types of Neglect
176(19)
Medical Neglect
176(2)
Failure to Thrive
178(14)
Diagnosis
179(1)
Laboratory Evaluation
179(11)
Treatment
190(2)
Physical Neglect
192(1)
Abandonment
193(1)
Educational Neglect
194(1)
Neglect and Child Sex Trafficking
195(1)
Interventions and Outcomes
195(3)
References
198(5)
Chapter 10 Sexual Abuse 203(52)
Overview
205(6)
Risk Factors for Perpetration
205(1)
Symptoms
205(1)
Disclosure
206(1)
Role of the Health Care Provider
206(3)
Mental Health Providers
206(1)
Medical Care Providers
206(3)
Impact of Sexual Abuse and Treatment
209(1)
Legal and Reporting Issues
209(1)
Child Sex Trafficking
210(1)
Vulnerability
210(1)
Factors
211(1)
The Medical Examination
211(13)
Preliminary Actions
212(2)
Indications for and Timing of a Physical Examination
214(2)
Preparing the Child for the Physical Examination
216(1)
Examination Positions and Techniques for Female Children
217(7)
Prepubertal Girls
217(3)
Older Girls and Adolescents
220(2)
Examination Positions and Techniques for Male Children
222(2)
Review of Genital and Anal Anatomy
224(16)
Terminology
224(1)
Vagina
224(1)
Vaginal Vestibule
225(1)
Hymenal Membrane
226(9)
Male Genitalia
235(1)
Anus
235(4)
Interpreting Residual Effects From Sexual Contact
239(1)
Examining and Interpreting Anal Findings in Male and Female Victims
239(1)
Patterns of Trauma
240(2)
Penetration
240(2)
Genital Fondling
242(1)
Vulvar Coitus
242(1)
Accidental Injuries
242(2)
Labial Agglutination
243(1)
Extragenital Trauma
243(1)
Sodomy and Genital-to-Anal Contact Without Penetration
244(1)
Interpretation of Healed and Healing Injuries
244(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
245(1)
Forensic Evidence
245(1)
Medical Conditions That Mimic Child Sexual Abuse
245(1)
The Forensic Medical Record
246(1)
Formulating a Conclusion
247(1)
References
247(8)
Chapter 11 The Sexual Abuse Interview 255(24)
Trauma-Informed Care
255(2)
Issues Related to Interviewing Children
257(1)
Caregiver History
258(2)
Disclosure Process
260(1)
Developmental Considerations
261(3)
Patient Emotional and Comfort Issues
264(1)
Interview Models
265(1)
Incorporating Interviewing Skills Into the Medical Forensic Examination
265(8)
Introduction and Building Rapport
266(1)
Collecting Substantive Information
267(1)
Types of Questions
267(5)
Closure
272(1)
Documentation
273(1)
Sexual Abuse Interviewing and Child Sex Trafficking
274(2)
Rapport-Building
275(1)
Key Questions
275(1)
References
276(3)
Chapter 12 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 279(44)
General Principles
279(7)
Bacterial STDs
286(14)
Gonorrhea
286(2)
Clinical Presentation
286(2)
Laboratory Diagnosis
288(1)
Treatment
288(1)
Chlamydia
288(3)
Clinical Presentation
289(2)
Laboratory Diagnosis
291(1)
Treatment
291(1)
Syphilis
291(4)
Clinical Presentation
291(2)
Laboratory Diagnosis
293(1)
Treatment
294(1)
Bacterial Vaginosis
295(1)
Clinical Presentation and Laboratory Diagnosis
295(1)
Treatment
296(1)
Trichomonas
296(2)
Clinical Presentation
296(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
297(1)
Treatment
297(1)
Genital Mycoplasmas
298(1)
Other Uncommon Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases
298(2)
Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases
300(16)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
300(5)
Laboratory Diagnosis
300(4)
Treatment
304(1)
Herpes Simplex Virus
305(3)
Clinical Presentation
306(1)
Laboratory Diagnosis
307(1)
Treatment
308(1)
Human Papillomavirus
308(4)
Clinical Presentation
310(2)
Treatment
312(1)
Hepatitis Viruses
312(4)
Miscellaneous STDs and Other Conditions
316(3)
References
319(4)
Chapter 13 Pregnancy 323(14)
Abuse, Assault, and Adolescent Pregnancy
324(1)
Role of the Caretaker
325(1)
Pregnant Adolescents With a History of Child Abuse
326(2)
Injury and Clinical Manifestations of Abuse in the Pregnant Adolescent
326(2)
Pregnancy as a Window of Opportunity for Intervention
328(1)
Clinician Response to Pregnancy Resulting From Abuse or Assault
328(2)
Role of Pediatricians in Preventing Both Child Abuse and Domestic Violence
330(1)
Prophylaxis and Treatment of STIs in Pregnancy
330(1)
References
331(1)
Additional Reading/Resources
332(5)
Chapter 14 Medical Child Abuse/Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy 337(10)
Characteristics of the Child Victim
338(1)
Symptoms and Warning Signs of MCA
338(3)
Investigation and Diagnostic Studies in Case of Warning Signs
338(3)
Perpetrators of MCA
341(1)
The Nonperpetrating Spouse
342(1)
Approach to the Diagnosis of Medical Child Abuse
342(1)
Treatment Plan
343(1)
References
343(4)
Chapter 15 Role Of Law Enforcement 347(16)
Definition
347(2)
Specific Responsibilities of Law Enforcement
347(2)
Recommendations for Improved Law Enforcement Response
349(1)
Preliminary Investigative Actions
349(4)
Child Protective Services
349(3)
Multidisciplinary Teams (MDTs)
352(2)
Organization
353(1)
Dealing With Conflict Constructively
353(1)
The Investigation
353(1)
Interview Guidelines
354(3)
The Victim Interview
356(1)
The Witness Interview
356(1)
Interrogation of the Suspected Perpetrator
356(1)
Special Investigative Techniques
357(1)
Crime Scene Search
357(3)
Terms to Know
359(1)
Evidence to Obtain
359(1)
Child Death Investigations
360(1)
The Report
361(1)
References
361(2)
Chapter 16 Interdisciplinary Death Investigation 363(14)
Cause of Death
365(1)
Mechanism of Death
366(1)
Recognizing the Mechanism of Death
366(1)
Manner of Death
366(1)
Medicolegal Evaluation of Death
367(7)
Investigation Process
367(3)
History
367(2)
Physical Examination
369(1)
Ancillary Tests
370(1)
Data Interpretation
370(3)
Interpretation of Injuries
370(2)
Conditions That Are Not Abuse
372(1)
Organ and Tissue Transplantation Issues
373(1)
Mass Fatalities
374(1)
References
374(3)
Chapter 17 DNA And Evidence Collection 377(20)
DNA
377(4)
Types of DNA Tests
377(3)
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)
377(1)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Analysis
378(2)
Convicted Offender Databases
380(1)
Consent Issues
381(1)
Collecting Evidence in Sexual Assault Cases
381(4)
Medical Guidelines
382(3)
Specifics With Respect to the Child Victim
385(1)
Use of DNA Evidence as a Prosecutorial Tool
385(5)
Specimens for Seminal Products
387(2)
Hair Specimens
389(1)
Foreign Debris
389(1)
Blood Specimens
389(1)
Chain of Evidence
390(1)
Collection Guidelines
390(1)
Proper Transportation and Storage of DNA Evidence
390(1)
Testing Specimens
391(2)
Semen Products
391(2)
Sperm
391(1)
Acid Phosphatase
392(1)
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA, p30, KLK3) and Seminal Vesicle-Specific Antigen Semenogelin (Sg, SVSA, SEMG1 or 2)
392(1)
DNA Markers
393(1)
Hair Specimens
393(1)
Photodocumentation
393(1)
Other Investigational Tools
394(1)
References
394(3)
Chapter 18 Prevention 397(28)
Importance of Prevention
397(1)
Types of Prevention
397(1)
Etiology of Child Abuse and Neglect: Risk and Protective Factors
398(3)
Parent-Child Dyad
399(1)
Family and Community Context
400(1)
Societal Contexts
400(1)
Screening
401(2)
Introducing Sensitive Questions
402(1)
Gathering the Information
402(1)
Assessment
403(1)
Management
403(1)
Community Resources
404(1)
Challenges
405(1)
Appendix 18-1: Seeking a Safe Environment for Every Child Screening Questions
406(2)
Appendix 18-2: Screening Questions for Pediatrician Assessment
408(10)
References
418(7)
Index 425
Randell Alexander, MD, PhD is a professor of pediatrics at the University of Florida and the Morehouse School of Medicine and has served on several state child death review committees. He is an active researcher, lectures widely, and testifies frequently in major child abuse cases throughout the country.

Diana Faugno, a Minnesota native, graduated from the University of North Dakota in 1973 with a degree in nursing and obtained an MSN in 2006. Her professional experience includes nursing in the Medical/Surgical, Labor and Delivery, Pediatrics, and Neonatal Intensive Care departments. Ms. Faugno obtained her certification in pediatric nursing in 1990, began a career as a sexual assault nurse examiner in 1991, and became a certified sexual assault nurse examiner in 2002. She is the former director of Forensic Health Services, which includes a child abuse program, sexual assault team, and a family violence program in North San Diego County. Currently, Ms. Faugno is a board director for End Violence Against Women International. She has made several presentations to the scientific community and has led workshops on sexual assault presented at the American Academy of Science.

Patricia Speck is an internationally recognized family nurse practitioner who specializes in public health and forensic nursing. She graduated from the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Nursing and later completed her doctoral dissertation on sexual assault program evaluation. As a board certified family nurse practitioner, Patricias clinical practice focuses on the health aftermath of violence and her research centers on forensic nursing practice topics. She is a consultant, author, and lecturer on forensic nursing and has earned more than 20 local, national, and international awards and professional honors for her work. Patricia chairs the American Public Health Associations Family Violence Forum and is a former president of the International Association of Forensic Nurses.