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E-grāmata: Child Public Health

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, (Consultant Paediatrician and Reader in Paediatrics and Child Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; Honorary Professor, Thames Valley University, London, UK), (Director, Institute of Health Sciences; Professor of Public Health, Wa),
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  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Jan-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191575549
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Child Public HealthPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Jan-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191575549
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"Despite children making up around a quarter of the population, the first edition of this book was the first to focus on a public health approach to the health and sickness of children and young people. It combined clinical and academic perspectives to explore the current state of health of our children, the historical roots of the speciality and the relationship between early infant and child health on later adult health. Child public health is a rapidly developing field, and is increasingly recognised throughout the world as a major area of focus for population health. Targeting the health of children now is essential if we are to achieve a healthy population as adults. For the second edition the text has been revised and updated with new material on health for all children, global warming, child participation, systems theory, refugees, commissioning, and sustainable development. Child Public Health 2e will be of interest to public health practitioners, paediatricians, general practitioners with a child health and commissioning interest and GP trainees. Whilst pediatricians are given a unique population perspective on their clinical specialty, public health professionals will gain a specialist insight into a specific population group and primary care doctors, nurses and managers will find support for their commissioning and clinical governance agendas"--Provided by publisher.

Despite children making up around a quarter of the population, the first edition of this book was the first to focus on a public health approach to the health and sickness of children and young people. It combined clinical and academic perspectives to explore the current state of health of our children, the historical roots of the speciality and the relationship between early infant and child health on later adult health. Child public health is a rapidly developing field, and is increasingly recognised throughout the world as a major area of focus for population health. Targeting the health of children now is essential if we are to achieve a healthy population as adults. For the second edition the text has been revised and updated with new material on health for all children, global warming, child participation, systems theory, refugees, commissioning, and sustainable development.
Child Public Health 2e will be of interest to public health practitioners, paediatricians, general practitioners with a child health and commissioning interest and GP trainees. Whilst pediatricians are given a unique population perspective on their clinical specialty, public health professionals will gain a specialist insight into a specific population group and primary care doctors, nurses and managers will find support for their commissioning and clinical governance agendas.

Recenzijas

This book is warmheartedly recommended as a comprehensive textbook for practitioners and is also well suited for postgraduate courses in social paediatrics for physicians, public health workers and professionals in the social services. * European Journal of Public Health * Review from previous edition Paranoia can blight attempts at improving public health. The authors are to be congratulated in the nearly always taking a sensible and pragmatic line which depends much more on the positive aspects of public health policy and practice than protecting children from what may be small or hypothetical risks. * Journal of Public Health, Vol. 27, No. 2 * This book gives an overview of child health in the United Kingdom and internationally, the founding fathers (those listed are all men), the epidemiology, the data sources, the policies and politics, and the interventions. * British Medical Journal * It was a pleasure to review this excellent introductory textbook on child public health written jointly by respected paediatricians and public health professionals. The presentation is clear and authoritative, with key points helpfully placed in text boxes for emphasis . . . The coverage of the book is impressive, ranging from family and community perspectives and approaches through to advocacy and national policy. It thus presents an excellent overview for those coming from medical, nursing or social science backgrounds but who are training in child public health . . . The book deserves to be read widely and may well have an important impact in training a new generation of health professionals involved in child public health. * Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82 (2) * This is an excellent book and I think it will be very useful. * BACCH News * Children's public health is not an easy subject to study. While some of the underpinning sciences, such as epidemiology and statistics, are well described in many texts, an overview of the political and cultural context in which public health is practised is more difficult to find. The authors of this book have set out to give us just such an overview and they have succeeded admirably. * From the foreword by David Hall * This book emphasizes the importance of child public health as a rapidly emerging field and puts the health of children centre stage as society's greatest asset. It maps out what needs to be done to promote and protect the health of children not only in the UK, but internationally. * From the foreword by Sian Griffiths, Oxford University *

Authors' biographies xix
Introduction - Why child public health? 1(1)
Who is this book for?
1(1)
What is child public health?
2(1)
Why is child public health important?
3(1)
Defining a common interest
3(1)
Understanding and responding to changes in child health
4(1)
Child health as an end in itself and as a major determinant of adult health
4(1)
Pioneers in child public health
4(8)
United Kingdom
5(3)
Europe
8(1)
United States of America
9(2)
Australia
11(1)
The structure of this book
12(3)
Child health in the UK and Europe
15(18)
Measuring health and disease
17(5)
Causes of death in childhood
17(3)
Health service consultations
20(1)
Hospital admissions
20(2)
Important child health problems
22(10)
Acute illnesses
22(3)
Chronic illnesses
25(1)
Disabilities
25(2)
Accidental injury
27(2)
Disorders of eating and nutrition
29(2)
Mental health problems
31(1)
Summary
32(1)
Further reading
32(1)
Child health in developing countries/the majority world
33(14)
Why is international child health important?
33(3)
The global burden of childhood disease
36(7)
Diseases related to or exacerbated by poverty
38(1)
Common infectious diseases
38(1)
AIDS and HIV infection
39(1)
Injuries
39(2)
Violence against children
41(1)
Reproductive health
41(1)
Tropical diseases
42(1)
Disability
42(1)
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
43(1)
Key principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
44(1)
Summary
44(1)
Further reading
44(3)
Determinants of child health
47(56)
Human biology
48(1)
Parental and personal behaviour
49(10)
Nutrition
50(5)
Physical activity among children and young people
55(1)
Parental alcohol, smoking, drugs
55(1)
Risk behaviour and adolescent health
56(3)
Family influences and parenting
59(11)
Family size and structure
59(1)
Family break-up and conflict
60(2)
Child care
62(1)
Early parent-child relationships
62(4)
Parent-child relationships in childhood and adolescence
66(2)
Abuse and neglect
68(1)
Risk factors for poor parenting, abuse, and neglect
69(1)
Community and social network
70(2)
Peer relationships
70(1)
School ethos
71(1)
School mental health programmes
72(1)
Physical environment
72(1)
Urban (built) environments
72(1)
Pollution and exposure to chemicals
73(1)
Natural environment
73(3)
Policies to protect children from environmental exposures
75(1)
Environmental justice
76(1)
Education
76(1)
Socio-economic environment
77(9)
Poverty in the UK
77(1)
The impact of poverty on child health
78(1)
Poverty, income inequality, and variations in health
79(3)
How does poverty affect children's health in practice?
82(1)
Poverty and child health: some examples
82(4)
War and conflict
86(2)
Migration and refugees
86(2)
Culture and attitudes
88(6)
Child labour
88(1)
Children's rights
89(1)
Intolerance and stigma
89(1)
Disability
90(1)
Ethnicity and culture
90(1)
Media
91(1)
Globalization
92(1)
Clustering of problems
93(1)
Health and social care services
94(5)
Problems in health care in developing countries
96(3)
Conclusion
99(1)
Further reading
99(4)
Child public health---lessons from the past
103(26)
Early times: history relates affairs of state, not so much affairs of the home
104(1)
The eighteenth century: the emergence of more humanitarian attitudes
104(1)
The nineteenth century: a time of ups and downs for child health
105(6)
Urbanization
106(3)
Changes in child care practices among the wealthy
109(1)
Child care amongst the poor
109(2)
The twentieth century: interest in child public health waxes and wanes
111(12)
The emergence of epidemiology
111(1)
Services to reduce infant mortality
112(1)
School health services
113(1)
Declining interest in child public health
114(3)
Vaccination and immunization
117(1)
Screening programmes
118(2)
The development of hospital paediatric services
120(2)
Changes in child care in the twentieth century
122(1)
The rediscovery of child public health
123(2)
Changes in society's view of the importance of childhood
125(1)
Reflections from the past and lessons for child public health practice today
125(2)
Further reading
127(2)
Key concepts and definitions
129(56)
Epidemiological concepts
129(9)
Causality
129(3)
Risk
132(6)
Populations
138(5)
Geographical populations
138(1)
Other kinds of population
139(4)
Key concepts in health improvement
143(4)
Definitions of health and wellbeing
147(12)
Public perceptions of health and wellbeing
148(2)
Mental wellbeing
150(1)
Social wellbeing
151(1)
Social capital
151(3)
Measuring wellbeing
154(4)
Wellbeing and health improvement programmes
158(1)
Concepts of disease prevention
159(14)
Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention
160(1)
Universal and targeted approaches
161(5)
Screening
166(5)
Systems approaches
171(1)
Patient pathways
172(1)
Concepts and definitions in public health and health promotion practice
173(3)
Health promotion
176(5)
The aims of health promotion
176(1)
Approaches to health promotion
176(5)
Pulling it all together
181(1)
Further reading
181(4)
Child health and adult health
185(22)
History revisited
185(1)
Different research paradigms
185(4)
Biological programming
186(1)
Socio-economic effects across the life course
187(1)
Early care and nurture
188(1)
Classic studies
189(6)
Cardiovascular disease and birth weight
189(2)
Socio-economic circumstances in childhood and adult health
191(2)
Attachment, parenting, and family relationships
193(2)
Broadening the research base: other child-adult health effects
195(6)
Respiratory disease
196(1)
Food allergies
196(1)
Obesity, diabetes, hypertension
197(1)
Ageing
197(1)
Cognitive development
197(1)
Physical health in general
198(1)
The development of the emotional brain
199(1)
Neurohumoral mechanisms
200(1)
Bringing it all together
201(1)
Further reading
202(5)
Techniques and resources for child public health practice
207(30)
Community diagnosis and needs assessment
207(9)
Need, supply, and demand
210(2)
Approaches to needs assessment
212(4)
Community participation
216(1)
Bringing needs assessments together - the Joint Strategic Needs Assessment
217(1)
Developing a JSNA profile for a district - an example
217(1)
Commissioning
217(3)
Community development
220(1)
Advocacy
221(1)
Social marketing
222(2)
Evidence and evaluation
224(5)
The challenges of evidence-based practice in public health
224(2)
The importance of evaluation
226(2)
Evaluating costs and benefits
228(1)
Data sources
229(5)
Population data
229(1)
Health events
230(3)
Population-based survey data
233(1)
Limitations of routine data for health needs assessment
234(1)
Further reading
234(3)
Child public health in practice - case scenarios
237(58)
`Walking the patch'-developing a public health approach to a locality
237(7)
Child health data from routine data sources/local surveys
239(1)
Discussion with key health professionals and local people
240(2)
Next steps
242(2)
Further reading
244(1)
Infant mental health promotion
245(5)
Background
246(1)
What works?
247(2)
Who are the stakeholders?
249(1)
An approach
249(1)
Further reading
250(1)
Health promotion directed at reducing motor vehicle accidents involving school-age children
251(3)
Background
252(1)
What works?
252(1)
Who are the stakeholders?
253(1)
An approach
253(1)
Further reading
254(1)
Promotion of breast-feeding
255(4)
Background
255(1)
Who are the stakeholders?
256(1)
An approach
256(3)
Further reading
259(1)
Child health surveillance programme - delay in diagnoses
260(4)
Background
260(3)
Who are the stakeholders?
263(1)
An approach
264(1)
Further reading
264(1)
Mitigating the health impact of social deprivation
265(4)
Background
265(1)
What works?
266(1)
Who are the stakeholders?
267(1)
An approach
267(2)
Further reading
269(1)
Promoting vaccine uptake
269(5)
Background
269(1)
What works?
270(2)
Who are the stakeholders?
272(1)
An approach
273(1)
Further reading
274(1)
Reviewing the system for investigating suspected child deaths from abuse
274(4)
Who are the stakeholders?
276(1)
An approach
276(2)
Further reading
278(1)
Obesity: a public health strategy
279(6)
Background
279(1)
What works?
280(3)
Who are the stakeholders?
283(1)
An approach
283(2)
Further reading
285(1)
Takling child malnutrition, a country approach
286(7)
Background
286(2)
What works
288(3)
Who are the stakeholders?
291(1)
An approach
291(2)
Conclusion
293(1)
Further reading
294(1)
Index 295
Mitch Blair qualified in Medicine MBBS from UCH, London in 1983 with a BSc in Sociology and Philosophy of Medicine and went on to paediatric training posts at Stoke Mandeville and Charing Cross Hospital, amongst others. After obtaining an MSc in Community Paediatrics from the Institute of Child Health in London, he moved to Nottingham as Lecturer and then Consultant Senior Lecturer in Community Paediatrics which he held between 1990 and 1998. He worked in inner city community practice in health centres, schools, day nurseries and specialist out-reach to single handed and group practices. He carried out teaching and research into the national child health screening programme and community paediatric out reach to primary care. He is currently Consultant and Reader in Paediatrics and Child Public Health at Imperial College London, and established the River Island Academic Centre for Paediatrics and Child Public Health Teaching and Research at Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow.

Sarah Stewart-Brown joined Warwick Medical School in April 2003 as Professor of Public Health. She became Director of the Health Sciences Research Institute in April 2006. Sarah studied medicine at the University of Oxford and at the Westminster Hospital in London. She worked in the National Health Service from 1975 onwards first as a paediatrician and subsequently as a public health doctor in London Bristol and Worcester. She has also held academic appointments at the Department of Surgery St Mary's Hospital Paddington, and at the Departments of Child Health and of Epidemiology and Community Health at the University of Bristol. Before joining Warwick Medical School she was Reader in the Department of Public Health at the University of Oxford where she directed the Health Services Research Unit. She has had a long standing interest in the child health aspects of public health working at the interface with colleagues in paediatrics.

Tony Waterston is a retired consultant paediatrician and clinical senior lecturer working mainly in the community in Newcastle upon Tyne. His chief interests are in child mental health and child public health. He also takes part in both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and training and has edited a student textbook on paediatrics and a postgraduate text on child public health. Tony leads a research programme on Baby Express, a parenting newsletter designed to help parents understand their child's emotional needs. He is an editor of the Journal of Tropical Pediatrics and is project manager for the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health Palestine programme, which trains primary health care workers within the occupied Palestinian territories. Currently he chairs the RCPCH Advocacy Committee.

Rachel Crowther MB BChir, MSc, FFPH Rachel Crowther is a consultant in public health medicine working at the South East Public Health Observatory in Oxford. Her special interests are in child public health and health intelligence, and she has contributed to several books in the fields of public health and paediatrics. She is also interested in teaching, especially the integration of public health teaching into other curricula, medical and otherwise. She has five children aged between four and eighteen and currently lives in a boarding house in a secondary school in which she plays an active pastoral role. She also writes fiction and has had a number of short stories published.
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