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Children and the Law in a Nutshell 3rd ed. [Mīkstie vāki]

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Sarah H Ramsey, Douglas E Abrams

Formāts: Paperback / softback, 578 pages, height x width x depth: 187x125x21 mm, weight: 445 g
Sērija : In a Nutshell (West Publishing)
Izdošanas datums: 01-May-2008
Izdevniecība: Thomson West
ISBN-10: 0314184511
ISBN-13: 9780314184511

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Formāts: Paperback / softback, 578 pages, height x width x depth: 187x125x21 mm, weight: 445 g
Sērija : In a Nutshell (West Publishing)
Izdošanas datums: 01-May-2008
Izdevniecība: Thomson West
ISBN-10: 0314184511
ISBN-13: 9780314184511

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780314184511.html

Keywords:

Children - Legal status, laws, etc - United States

Preface

Table Of Cases

xxv

The Status, Rights and Obligations of Children

(47)

An Introduction to the Juvenile Court System

(6)

Juvenile Court Jurisdiction

(2)

Unified Family Courts

(2)

Problem-Solving Courts

(2)

The Nature and Sources of Children's Status, Rights and Obligations

(6)

Introduction

(2)

The Parens Patriae Doctrine

(2)

The Police Power

(1)

The Child's Duty to Obey

(1)

The Law's Evolving Conception of Children's Status, Rights and Obligations

(29)

The Traditional Roles of Parents and the Government

(2)

Meyer, Pierce and Parental Prerogatives

(2)

Prince and the Movement Toward ``Children's Rights''

(1)

Brown and Gault: Explicit Recognition of Children's Rights

(3)

Tinker and the Zenith of Children's Rights

(1)

The Tinker Decision (1969)

(2)

Disruption or Violence

(1)

Hair Length, Dress Codes and School Uniforms

(2)

Goss v. Lopez (1975)

(1)

Board of Education v. Pico (1982)

(1)

New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)

(1)

Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986)

(1)

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

(2)

Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton (1995) and Board of Education v. Earls (2002)

(1)

Morse v. Frederick (2007)

(1)

Troxel and Parental Prerogatives Redux

(2)

Synthesizing the Case Law

(1)

Non-Constitutional Sources of Children's Status, Rights and Obligations

(1)

Statutes, Administrative Regulations and Court Rules

(1)

International Law

(5)

May Children Articulate Their Own Interests?

(6)

The General Question

(2)

The Mature Minor Doctrine

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Constitutional Decisions

(1)

Statutes and Common Law Decisions

(2)

Defining the Child-Parent Relationship

(37)

Establishing Parental Status

(19)

The Importance of Marriage

(1)

Nonmarital Children and the Constitution

(5)

Statutory Reform

(2)

Marital and Civil Union Presumptions

(2)

Surnames

(2)

Who Is a ``Father''?

(1)

Unwed Fathers

(3)

Errors in Paternity Establishment

(2)

Who Is a ``Mother''?

(2)

Questioning the Definition of ``Parent''

(15)

Visitation

(3)

Custody

(4)

Defining ``Parent'' For Child Support

(1)

Reform Proposals---The American Law Institute

(4)

Guardianship and the Guardian's Role

(2)

Child Abuse and Neglect

(65)

Introduction

(6)

Constitutional and Statutory Framework

(2)

The Child Protection System

(4)

Reporting Statutes and Investigation

(5)

Statutory Structure

(1)

The Central Registry

(2)

Reporters' Liability

(2)

Limits on Intervention

(7)

Investigations and Due Process

(1)

Searches and Inspections

(2)

Emergency Removal of the Child

(1)

Self-Incrimination

(1)

Grounds for Intervention

100

(3)

Patterns of Abuse and Neglect

103

(25)

Neglect

104

(1)

The General Concept

104

(5)

Failure to Protect

109

(2)

Psychological Maltreatment

111

(1)

The General Concept

111

(1)

Failure to Thrive

112

(1)

Expert Testimony

112

(1)

Abuse

113

(1)

The General Question of Proof

113

(1)

The Battered Child Syndrome

114

(2)

The Shaken Baby Syndrome

116

(1)

The Target Child

117

(1)

Corporal Punishment

118

(1)

The General Concept

118

(2)

The International Picture

120

(1)

Public Schools

120

(2)

Domestic Violence Statutes

122

(1)

Sexual Abuse

122

(3)

Newborns With Positive Toxicologies

125

(3)

Responsibilities of Child Protective Services

128

(5)

No Duty to Intervene

128

(1)

Tort Liability

129

(1)

Systemic Problems

130

(2)

Wrongful Removal

132

(1)

The Reasonable Efforts Requirement

133

(3)

Termination of Parental Rights

136

(7)

Due Process Protections for Parents

137

(2)

Additional Grounds for Termination

139

(1)

Out-of-Home Placement

139

(1)

Parental Absence

140

(1)

Abuse of a Sibling

141

(1)

Mental Retardation, Mental Illness or Immaturity

142

(1)

Expediting Termination Proceedings

143

(1)

The Role of the Child's Attorney

144

(6)

Malpractice and Immunity

147

(1)

Role at Trial and Confidentiality

148

(2)

Foster Care

150

(33)

Introduction

150

(2)

Foster Care Structure

152

(1)

Permanency Planning

153

(4)

The Foster Child's Right to a ``Family''

157

(5)

The Foster Child's Right to Services and Protection

162

(5)

Liability for Harm

167

(4)

Federal Civil Rights Actions

167

(2)

Tort Liability

169

(2)

Types of Placements

171

(9)

Foster Parents

171

(1)

Placement With Non-Relatives

171

(1)

Kinship Care: Relatives as Foster Parents

171

(1)

The Indian Child Welfare Act

172

(4)

Racial and Religious Matching

176

(1)

Institutional Care

177

(1)

Placements and Poverty

177

(1)

Types of Facilities

178

(1)

Aging-Out of Foster Care

179

(1)

Guardianship

180

(3)

Criminal Abuse and Neglect

183

(56)

The Nature of Criminal Enforcement

183

(4)

The Roles of Civil and Criminal Enforcement

183

(3)

Issue Preclusion (Collateral Estoppel)

186

(1)

Abuse, Neglect and Child Endangerment

187

(10)

Overview

187

(2)

Children Who Witness Domestic Violence

189

(1)

Parental Privilege

189

(2)

Abusive Discipline

191

(1)

Abandonment

191

(1)

Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor

192

(1)

``Safe Haven'' Statutes

193

(1)

Void-for-Vagueness Challenges

194

(1)

The ``Cultural Defense''

195

(1)

Parental-Liability Statutes

196

(1)

Sexual Abuse

197

(6)

What Is Child Sexual Abuse?

197

(1)

Representative Statutes

198

(1)

``Forcible'' and ``Statutory'' Rape

198

(2)

Incest

200

(1)

Sexual Enticement of Children on the Internet

201

(1)

Federal Legislation

202

(1)

The Contours of Criminal Liability

203

(36)

Gender Neutrality

203

(1)

Mistake of Age

204

(1)

Emancipation or Marriage

205

(1)

Child Perpetrators

205

(3)

Proving the Case

208

(1)

General Difficulties of Proof

208

(2)

The ``General Child Hearsay'' Exception

210

(2)

The Victim's Ex Parte Videotaped Statement

212

(1)

State Child Witness Protection Statutes

213

(2)

Federal Child Witness Protection

215

(1)

The Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause: Crawford's New Standard

216

(4)

Children's Competency to Testify

220

(1)

The Oath

220

(1)

Manner of Examination

221

(1)

Closing the Courtroom

222

(2)

The Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome

224

(1)

Prospective Restraints on the Offender

225

(1)

Civil Commitment

225

(2)

Registration and Community Notification

227

(5)

Child Pornography

232

(1)

New York v. Ferber (1982)

232

(1)

Ferber in the Computer Age

233

(2)

Child Nudity

235

(1)

Private Possession and Viewing of Child Pornography

236

(1)

Photo Processors

236

(1)

Federal Legislation

237

(2)

Adoption

239

(62)

Introduction

239

(3)

Historical and Contemporary Perspective

239

(2)

The Effect of Adoption

241

(1)

Who May Adopt a Child?

242

(11)

Statutory Standing and the ``Best Interests of the Child'' Standard

242

(2)

Determining Standing and ``Best Interests''

244

(1)

Single Persons

244

(1)

Stepparents

245

(1)

Grandparents and Other Relatives

246

(1)

Foster Parents

246

(2)

The Petitioners' Age

248

(1)

Gay and Lesbian Adoptions

249

(1)

Disabled Petitioners

250

(1)

Adoption of Siblings

250

(1)

``Equitable Adoption''

251

(2)

Adoption Intermediaries and Their Regulation

253

(13)

Agency Adoptions and Private Placements

253

(1)

Agency Adoptions

254

(2)

Private Placements

256

(2)

Baby Selling

258

(2)

Federal and State Subsidies

260

(3)

Investigations or Home Studies

263

(1)

The Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children

264

(2)

The Consent Requirement

266

(14)

The Requirement of Informed and Voluntary Consent

266

(1)

The Nature of Consent

266

(3)

Notice

269

(1)

Forcible or Statutory Rape

270

(1)

The Rights of Unwed Parents

271

(1)

Stanley v. Illinois (1972)

272

(2)

Lehr v. Robertson (1983)

274

(2)

Michael H. v. Gerald D. (1989)

276

(2)

Putative Father Registries

278

(2)

Open Adoption

280

(4)

The Growth of Open Adoption

280

(3)

Enforceability of Private Agreements for Openness

283

(1)

Cultural and Religious Identity

284

(6)

Transracial Adoption

284

(1)

Overview of Domestic Transracial Adoption

284

(1)

Congressional Legislation

285

(2)

Native American Adoption

287

(1)

Religion

288

(2)

International Adoption

290

(1)

Post-Adoption Disputes

291

(4)

Fraud or Negligence

291

(2)

Annulling Adoptions

293

(2)

Adoptees' Rights to ``Learn Their Roots''

295

(6)

Introduction

295

(2)

``Good Cause''

297

(2)

Disclosure Legislation

299

(2)

Medical Decision-Making

301

(28)

Decision-Making Authority

302

(12)

Constitutional Framework

302

(5)

Common Law and Statutes

307

(1)

The Mature Minor Doctrine

307

(2)

The Child's Opinion

309

(1)

Statutory Exception

310

(1)

Excessive or Unusual Treatment

311

(1)

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

311

(1)

Experimental and Unusual Treatment

311

(2)

Organ and Bone Marrow Donation

313

(1)

Medical Neglect

314

(7)

Determining Medical Neglect

316

(2)

Spiritual Treatment Exemptions

318

(3)

Withholding or Terminating Medical Care

321

(6)

When Parents Favor Withholding Treatment

321

(2)

Older Children

323

(1)

Special Rules for Newborns

324

(1)

When Parents Oppose Termination

325

(2)

Payment for the Child's Medical Care

327

(2)

Financial Responsibility and Control

329

(45)

The Child Support Obligation

329

(20)

Historical Background

329

(1)

Inadequate and Inconsistent Awards

330

(2)

Child Support Enforcement

332

(4)

The Scope of the Parental Obligation

336

(1)

The Intact Family

336

(1)

When Parents Live Apart

337

(1)

No Excuses

338

(1)

The Obligor's Death

339

(1)

Stepparents

340

(2)

Same-Sex Couples

342

(1)

Child Poverty and Government Programs

343

(2)

The Child's Obligations

345

(2)

Emancipation

347

(2)

Capacity to Contract

349

(5)

The Necessaries Doctrine

351

(1)

Limits on Disaffirmance

351

(2)

Ratification

353

(1)

Marriage

354

(1)

The Child's Property

354

(5)

Trusts

355

(1)

Uniform Transfers to Minors Act

356

(1)

Use of the Child's Assets

357

(1)

Wills

358

(1)

Torts and Family Relations

359

(15)

The Child's Liability

360

(1)

The Standard of Care for Children

360

(1)

Mental Capacity

361

(2)

Adult Activities

363

(1)

Interaction between Contract and Tort Laws

363

(1)

Parents' Liability

364

(2)

Loss of Child or Parent

366

(1)

Loss of Consortium

366

(1)

Wrongful Death

366

(1)

Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Life

367

(1)

Immunity

368

(1)

Exculpatory Clauses and Settlement

369

(1)

Releases and Waivers

369

(2)

Settlement

371

(1)

Indemnification Agreements

372

(1)

Statutes of Limitation

372

(2)

Regulation of Children's Conduct

374

(54)

Child Labor Laws

375

(15)

Introduction

375

(1)

The Sources of Regulation

375

(1)

Agricultural Employment

376

(1)

Parents' Rights to the Child's Earnings

377

(1)

International Child Labor

378

(2)

State Regulation

380

(1)

Coverage

380

(1)

Hazardous Occupations

381

(1)

``Work,'' ``Employment'' or ``Labor''

381

(2)

Hours and Working Conditions

383

(1)

Work Permits or Certificates

383

(1)

Criminal and Civil Penalties

384

(1)

Professional and Occupational Licensing

385

(1)

Federal Regulation

386

(1)

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

386

(1)

Remedies for Violation

387

(1)

Private Enforcement

388

(2)

Alcohol Regulation

390

(6)

The Minimum Legal Drinking Age

390

(1)

Recent History

390

(1)

Exemptions

391

(1)

``Zero Tolerance'' Laws

392

(1)

Identification

393

(1)

Dangers and Enforcement Difficulties

393

(1)

Dram Shop and Social Host Liability

394

(2)

Tobacco Regulation

396

(6)

Children and Smoking

396

(1)

Sanctions and Licensing

397

(1)

The National Tobacco Settlement

397

(2)

Foreign Export of U.S. Tobacco Products

399

(3)

Driving Privileges

402

(3)

Age Restrictions

402

(1)

Parental Permission and Parental Liability

403

(1)

``Abuse and Lose'' Laws

404

(1)

Child Highway Safety

405

(2)

Gambling

407

(1)

Firearms

408

(2)

General Prohibitions and Restrictions

408

(1)

``Gun-Free Schools'' and ``Safety Zones'' Acts

409

(1)

Safe Storage and Child Access Prevention Statutes

410

(1)

Other Regulated Conduct

410

(1)

Juvenile Curfews

411

(6)

History and the Contemporary Landscape

411

(2)

A Representative Juvenile Curfew Ordinance

413

(2)

Constitutionality of Juvenile Curfews

415

(2)

Status Offenses

417

(11)

The Nature of Status Offense Jurisdiction

417

(1)

Ungovernability

418

(1)

Truancy

418

(1)

Runaways

419

(1)

The Scope of the Problem

419

(2)

Federal and State Legislation

421

(1)

Gender and Race

421

(1)

The Deinstitutionalization Mandate

422

(1)

The Nature of the Mandate

422

(2)

The Overlap Between Status Offense and Delinquency Jurisdiction

424

(1)

The Deinstitutionalization Controversy

425

(1)

The Future of Status Offense Jurisdiction

426

(2)

Delinquency

428

(107)

A Brief Look at Juvenile Crime in America

428

(4)

Overview

428

(1)

Juvenile Recidivism and Gangs

429

(2)

Gender and Race

431

(1)

The Juvenile Court as an Institution

432

(9)

The Juvenile Court's Original Coception

432

(2)

Individualized Rehabilitation and Treatment

434

(2)

Civil Jurisdiction

436

(1)

Informal Procedure

436

(2)

Confidentiality

438

(1)

Separate Incapacitation

438

(1)

The Juvenile Court Today

439

(1)

Federal Delinquency Jurisdiction

440

(1)

The Contours of Delinquency

441

(15)

The Minimum and Maximum Ages of Delinquency Jurisdiction

441

(1)

Culpability

442

(2)

The Insanity Defense

444

(1)

Transfer

445

(1)

Transfer Statutes

445

(4)

The Transfer Hearing

449

(1)

Some Ramifications of Transfer

450

(2)

Race and Transfer

452

(1)

Transfer Under the Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act

453

(1)

Is Transfer Effective?

454

(2)

The Adjudicatory Process

456

(50)

Arrest and Custody

456

(1)

``Arraignment''

456

(1)

Fingerprints, Photographs and Lineups

457

(2)

Arrest Under the Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act

459

(1)

Search and Seizure

459

(1)

New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)

459

(1)

Age and Sex

460

(1)

Acting in Concert With Police

461

(1)

Individualized Suspicion

462

(1)

The Exclusionary Rule in School Searches

462

(1)

Locker Searches

463

(1)

Metal Detectors

464

(1)

Sniff Searches

465

(1)

Strip Searches

466

(1)

Interrogation and Confession

467

(1)

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) and Fare v. Michael C. (1979)

467

(3)

``Juvenile Miranda'' and the States

470

(1)

Who Are ``Law Enforcement Officers''

471

(1)

When Is a Juvenile ``In Custody''?

472

(1)

When Does ``Interrogation'' Occur?

473

(1)

Use of a Juvenile's Statement in Criminal Proceedings

473

(1)

Voluntary, Knowing and Intelligent Waiver

474

(1)

Confessions By Particularly Young Children

475

(1)

Videotaping Juvenile Confessions

476

(1)

``Terry Stops''

477

(1)

Intake and Diversion

478

(1)

The General Process

478

(1)

Diversion to Youth Court

479

(1)

Discrimination in Police Encounters and Intake

480

(1)

Plea Bargaining

481

(1)

Preventive Detention

481

(1)

Due Process Considerations

481

(2)

Preventive Detention's Effect on Disposition

483

(1)

Bail

484

(1)

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974

485

(1)

The Adjudicatory Hearing

486

(1)

Introduction

486

(1)

In re Gault (1967)

487

(3)

The Role of Counsel

490

(1)

Juvenile Waiver of the Right to Counsel

491

(1)

Competency to Participate in the Proceeding

492

(2)

Discovery

494

(1)

Admitting the Petition's Allegations

495

(1)

Speedy Trial

496

(2)

Jury Trial

498

(1)

Rules of Evidence

499

(1)

The Parents' Role

499

(1)

Standard of Proof

500

(1)

Double Jeopardy

500

(2)

Delinquency Adjudication and Race

502

(1)

The Hearing Under the Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act

502

(1)

Juvenile Court Confidentiality

503

(1)

Proceedings and Records

503

(2)

Confidentiality and the Media

505

(1)

Disposition

506

(29)

Fashioning the Disposition

506

(1)

Introduction

506

(2)

The Duration of the Disposition

508

(1)

Pre-Disposition Information

508

(1)

The Interstate Compact on Juveniles

509

(1)

The Range of Dispositions

510

(1)

Garduated Sanctions

510

(1)

Probation

511

(1)

Parental Responsibility

512

(1)

Victims' Rights Measures

513

(1)

Serious and Habitual Juvenile offender Statutes

513

(1)

``Restorative Justice''

514

(2)

Blended Sentences

516

(1)

Boot Camps

517

(1)

Aftercare

518

(1)

Dispositions Under the Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act

519

(1)

The Juvenile Death Penaly and Life Imprisonment Without Parole

519

(2)

Collateral Use of Juvenile Dispositions

521

(1)

Expungement and Sealing

521

(2)

Appredi and the Growth of Collateral Use

523

(2)

Intergency Sharing of Information

525

(1)

The Right to Treatment

526

(1)

Private Litigation

527

(2)

Federal Enforcement

529

(3)

Reform Efforts

532

(1)

Privatizing Juvenile Corrections

532

(3)

Index

535

Children and the Law in a Nutshell 3rd ed. [Mīkstie vāki]

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