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E-grāmata: Chinese Muslims and the Global Ummah: Islamic Revival and Ethnic Identity Among the Hui of Qinghai Province

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The global spread of Islamic movements and the ascendance of a Chinese state that limits religious freedom have aroused anxieties about integrating Islam and protecting religious freedom around the world. Focusing on violent movements like the so-called Islamic State and Uyghur separatists in China’s Xinjiang Province threatens to drown out the alternative presented by apolitical and inwardly focused manifestations of transnational Islamic revival popular among groups like the Hui, China’s largest Muslim minority.

This book explores how Muslim revivalists in China’s Qinghai Province employ individual agency to reconcile transnational notions of religious orthodoxy with the materialist rationalism of atheist China. Based on a year immersed in one of China’s most concentrated and conservative urban Muslim communities in Xining, the book puts individuals’ struggles to navigate theological controversies in the contexts of global Islamic revival and Chinese modernization. By doing so, it reveals how attempts to revive the original essence of Islam can empower individuals to form peaceful and productive articulations with secular societies, and further suggests means of combatting radicalization and encouraging interfaith dialogue.

As the first major research monograph on Islamic revival in modern China, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of Anthropology, Islamic Studies and Chinese Studies.

Acknowledgments x
1 Xining's Islamic landscape
1(22)
The ethnographic context: seeking universality between Han majority and ethnic minority
6(1)
A methodology of crossing boundaries
7(3)
The Hui ethnic category
10(4)
The Hui within the Chinese state
14(3)
Religious revival and Hui identity
17(1)
Subjective transformation and public manifestation of Islamic revival in China
18(3)
Outline of the book
21(2)
2 Old teaching, new teaching: a historical overview of Islam in China
23(30)
Origins of Chinese Islam
24(1)
Structure of traditional Chinese Muslim communities
25(1)
A brief history of Sufism in early modern China
26(3)
Muslims in the People's Republic
29(6)
Selective memory among modern Chinese Muslims: "it is better now"
35(1)
The development of Yihewani
36(3)
History of Salafiyya in China
39(3)
Characteristics of Salafiyya
42(2)
Dueling scripturalists: conflict between Yihewani and Salqfyya
44(4)
Tabligh Jama'at: in the footsteps of the sahaba
48(5)
3 Huizu learning to be Muslim: reaffirming and redefining modern Islamic identity
53(21)
Mr. Ma: an ethnic Muslim
55(3)
Reaffirmed Muslims
58(14)
The lonely road to authenticity
72(2)
4 Rectification of names: imams, mosques, sects, boundaries
74(28)
The role of ahong
75(4)
Min Ahong: the uncrossable borders of traditional Chinese Islam
79(2)
Jin Biao Ahong: Xining's foremost Yihewani cleric
81(3)
Ahmed Ahong: from urban strife to village life
84(5)
Ma Ahong: new shepherd of Xining's Salafiyya
89(3)
Isa Ahong: from Yihewani to Tabligh Jama' at to undercover Salafiyya
92(6)
The role of a Salafi lay imam: a consultation on Islamic law
98(4)
5 Performing the path of the sahaba: walking with Tabligh Jama'at
102(31)
Sectarian considerations: what Tabligh Jama'at is not
105(4)
Conflicting modes of revival: Tabligh Jama 'at versus Salafiyya
109(2)
Methods of jama'at
111(5)
Going out and looking in: lessons from my jama'at
116(6)
Tablighi performances
122(1)
Individual reform
123(2)
An insider's critique: Ayoob and Tabligh Jama'at
125(2)
Tabligh Jama'at and Islamic revival in China and beyond
127(6)
6 Paths to Islam and Salafiyya: harnessing the transnational to empower the individual
133(34)
China's new Muslims: individual transformation in pursuit of the universal
137(17)
Seeking answers and authenticity: converts to Salafiyya
154(8)
Founding Salafi mosques
162(2)
Conversion as rational self-discovery
164(3)
7 Secular nation/imaginary ummah: Chinese Muslims in the national public sphere and transnational imaginary
167(25)
Mr. Han: A retired cadre devoted to study of Islam
171(3)
Guo: an up-and-coming Salafi bureaucrat
174(1)
Guo's Yihewani "hard sect" wife
175(2)
Muslim revival and the CCP gospel of development
177(4)
Ilyas: an international businessman in support of democracy and human rights
181(2)
Xinjiang: Chinese Muslims' internal other
183(2)
Osama: foreign exchange student and al-Qaeda sympathizer
185(2)
Islam and the transnational imaginary
187(5)
8 An ummah of individuals
192(15)
In search of authenticity
194(2)
Religious and secular morality in Chinese society
196(4)
Islam and the discourse of national development
200(3)
Identities and communities: ethnic, religious, transnational, and universal
203(4)
References 207(6)
Index 213
Alexander Blair Stewart works at the San Diego Chinese Historical Museum and is Visiting Lecturer of Anthropology at the University of California, San Diego, US.