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E-grāmata: Chipless RFID Reader Design for Ultra-Wideband Technology: Design, Realization and Characterization

(Grenoble Institute of Technology, France), (Grenoble Institute of Technology, France), (Grenoble Institute of Technology, France)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Jun-2018
  • Izdevniecība: ISTE Press Ltd - Elsevier Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780081027615
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Chipless RFID Reader Design for Ultra-Wideband Technology: Design, Realization and CharacterizationPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Jun-2018
  • Izdevniecība: ISTE Press Ltd - Elsevier Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780081027615
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is in full development, and is intended to compete with optical barcodes for traceability in the next future. Between all the RFID families, the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) chipless RFID technology is a major topic nowadays. With this book we focus on development of UWB chipless RFID readers, based on IR-UWB approach. The book presents the state of the art of chipless RFID systems, with useful comparisons. The international regulations that limit the UWB emission are taken into consideration, and design guidance for a full compliant reader are given. Two designed, realized, and characterized reader prototypes are proposed. The reading precision, through sampling noise reduction, reading time, and cost effectiveness are introduced and taken into consideration. As part of reader development, the design of UWB is stressed. A low noise and low cost UWB pulse generator prototype was realized, along with UWB antennas and RF front-end boards. This book also deals with the efficient design of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based embedded systems for chipless readers. As prospective, a reading technique based on polarization diversity is shown with the aim of reading cross-polarized chipless tags independently from their orientation. This approach is valuable because it does not give any constraint at the tag design level.

  • The Design, realization, and characterization of chipless RFID reader are detailed
  • At least three reader versions are presented with the comparison of performance and realization cost
  • For the first time the readers are based on a temporal approach with an IR-UWB architecture for an easy compliant with UWB regulations
  • The readers are designed around a FPGA and its internal architecture, along with the phase of optimization, are well described. Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) components are used for a simple reader customization
  • The design of a novel pulse generator is presented; its performance is comparable with commercial solution based on ASIC
  • A novel reading approach to read a tag independently from its orientation is also proposed
Preface ix
Chapter 1 Introduction to Chipless RFID Technology
1(20)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Introduction to RFID
1(4)
1.2.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2.2 Passive, semi-passive and active transponders
2(3)
1.2.3 RFID versus barcode
5(1)
1.3 Chipless RFID
5(14)
1.3.1 Principle of operation
5(2)
1.3.2 Chipless RFID in-between RFID and the barcode
7(2)
1.3.3 UWB chipless RFID
9(10)
1.4 Conclusion
19(2)
Chapter 2 UWB Chipless RFID Reader: State of the Art
21(20)
2.1 Introduction
21(2)
2.2 SFCW approach
23(1)
2.3 FMCW approach
24(9)
2.3.1 Frequency-coded tag reader
25(5)
2.3.2 Time-coded tag
30(3)
2.4 SFCW-FMCW versus IR-UWB
33(5)
2.4.1 Introduction
33(1)
2.4.2 UWB regulations
34(1)
2.4.3 Link budget
35(3)
2.4.4 Conclusion
38(1)
2.5 Conclusion
38(3)
Chapter 3 IR-UWB Chipless RFID Reader Design
41(26)
3.1 Introduction
41(1)
3.2 IR-UWB reading system based on test equipment
42(2)
3.3 Sequential equivalent time principle
44(2)
3.4 Intermediate reader version
46(4)
3.4.1 Schematic
46(2)
3.4.2 Implementation of the sequential equivalent time principle
48(2)
3.5 Integrated reader design
50(10)
3.5.1 Hardware architecture
50(4)
3.5.2 Improvement of S/H amplifier-ADC connection
54(2)
3.5.3 FPGA architecture
56(3)
3.5.4 Reader specifications
59(1)
3.6 Measurement results of frequency-coded tags
60(4)
3.7 Conclusion
64(3)
Chapter 4 Optimized IR-UWB Chipless RFID Reader
67(34)
4.1 Introduction
67(1)
4.2 ADC noise theory
68(4)
4.3 Reduced reader jitter: implemented hardware solution
72(5)
4.3.1 Temporal characterization of reader's RF front-end
76(1)
4.4 FPGA architecture
77(13)
4.4.1 Reducing reading time
78(5)
4.4.2 Solving acquisition synchronization problems
83(6)
4.4.3 Demonstration of the resolution of synchronization problems
89(1)
4.5 Reader specifications
90(1)
4.6 Reader's power supply board
91(1)
4.7 Reader's tag measurements
92(3)
4.8 Frequency-based reader versus IR-UWB with different jitter levels
95(4)
4.9 Conclusion
99(2)
Chapter 5 UWB Pulse Generator and Antenna Design
101(32)
5.1 Introduction
101(1)
5.2 UWB pulse generator design
102(20)
5.2.1 Introduction to UWB pulse generator design
102(2)
5.2.2 B-UWB-PG architecture
104(4)
5.2.3 B-UWB-PG simulation model
108(4)
5.2.4 Measurement results
112(4)
5.2.5 Output stage considerations
116(5)
5.2.6 Conclusion
121(1)
5.3 Measurement of a UWB pulse generator frequency-coded tag
122(4)
5.3.1 Measurement results of the pulse generator
123(2)
5.3.2 Conclusion
125(1)
5.4 UWB antenna design
126(3)
5.5 Conclusion
129(4)
Chapter 6 UWB Chipless RFID Reading System Independent of Tag Orientation
133(26)
6.1 Introduction
133(1)
6.2 Principle of operation
134(5)
6.3 VNA balanced measurements
139(9)
6.3.1 Variation of the transmitting signal direction a
139(6)
6.3.2 Isolating the cross-polarized component in reception
145(1)
6.3.3 Measurements of cross-polarized tags
145(3)
6.4 Tag measurements using the VNA: a simplified approach
148(4)
6.4.1 Practical approach
148(4)
6.5 Optimized reader approach
152(5)
6.6 Conclusion
157(2)
Appendices 159(2)
Appendix 1 Matlab® GUI Acquisition Software for Agilent DSO91204A 161(4)
Appendix 2 PC Application Software for First Reader Version in
Chapter 3		 165(4)
Appendix 3 Matlab® GUI Reader in
Chapter 4		 169(2)
Appendix 4 Schematic Power Supply Board Reader in
Chapter 4		 171(2)
Appendix 5 Matlab® GUI Acquisition Software for VNA N5222A Performing Balanced Measurement 173(4)
Bibliography 177(8)
Index 185
Marco Garbati is a research fellow at the Grenoble Institute of Technology in France. His current research interests are in the field of the chipless RFID reader Etienne Perret is an Associate Professor at the Grenoble Institute of Technology and a member of the Institut Universitaire de France. He conducts radiofrequency research on wireless communication systems, in particular RFID and chipless RFID. Romain Siragusa is an Associate Professor at the Grenoble Institute of Technology, France. He conducts research on radiofrequency, in particular leaky-wave antennas, RFID and chipless RFID.
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