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E-grāmata: Civil Engineering Formulas

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  • Formāts: 416 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Oct-2009
  • Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780071614702
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  • Formāts: 416 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Oct-2009
  • Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780071614702

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Aimed at design drafters, structural and bridge engineers, builders, field engineers, examination candidates, concrete specialists, and students, this volume compiles about 2,500 essential formulas and equations in all 13 specialties of civil engineering, along with explanations of formulas for topics such as beams and girders, piles and piling, concrete structures, timber engineering, surveying, soils and earthwork, building structures, bridges and suspension cables, highways and roads, wind turbines, and green buildings. Hicks (engineering, US Naval Institute) presents data in USCS and SI units, and updates this edition with about 500 more formulas and guides. It covers new topics like columns for supporting commercial wind turbines used in renewable energy projects, design of axially loaded steel columns, strain energy in structural members, shaft twist formulas, retaining wall formulas and data, solid-wood rectangular column design, blasting operations for earth and rock removal, dams, comparisons of key hydraulic formulas, and a new chapter on stormwater, sewage, sanitary wastewater, and environmental protection. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

A completely revised, guide to civil engineering formulas--with more than 500 new formulas

Fully updated, this portable reference contains all the essential formulas and equations civil engineers need for a wide variety of design applications--covering everything from structural analysis to soil mechanics.

Civil Engineering Formulas, Second Edition includes new details on green buildings, water supply and treatment, power-generating wind turbines, reinforced concrete, bridge construction, highway design, and more. Each chapter includes collections of problems and calculations with solution advice.

.
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
How to Use This Book xv
Chapter
1. Conversion Factors for Civil Engineering Practice
1
Chapter
2. Beam Formulas
11
Continuous Beams
11
Ultimate Strength of Continuous Beams
46
Beams of Uniform Strength
52
Safe Loads for Beams of Various Types
53
Rolling and Moving Loads
53
Curved Beams
65
Elastic Lateral Buckling of Beams
69
Combined Axial and Bending Loads
72
Unsymmetrical Bending
73
Eccentric Loading
73
Natural Circular Frequencies and Natural Periods of Vibration of Prismatic Beams
74
Torsion in Structural Members
76
Strain Energy in Structural Members
76
Fixed-End Moments in Beams
79
Chapter
3. Column Formulas
81
General Considerations
81
Short Columns
81
Eccentric Loads on Columns
83
Columns of Special Materials
88
Column Base Plate Design
90
American Institute of Steel Construction Allowable-Stress Design Approach
91
Composite Columns
92
Elastic Flexural Buckling of Columns
94
Allowable Design Loads for Aluminum Columns
96
Ultimate Strength Design Concrete Columns
97
Design of Axially Loaded Steel Columns
102
Chapter
4. Piles and Piling Formulas
105
Allowable Loads on Piles
105
Laterally Loaded Vertical Piles
105
Toe Capacity Load
107
Groups of Piles
107
Foundation-Stability Analysis
109
Axial-Load Capacity of Single Piles
112
Shaft Settlement
112
Shaft Resistance in Cohesionless Soils
113
Chapter
5. Concrete formulas
115
Reinforced Concrete
115
Water/Cementitious Materials Ratio
115
Job Mix Concrete Volume
116
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete
116
Tensile Strength of Concrete
117
Reinforcing Steel
117
Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs
117
Design Methods for Beams, Columns, and Other Members
118
Properties in the Hardened State
127
Tension Development Lengths
128
Compression Development Lengths
128
Crack Control of Flexural Members
128
Required Strength
129
Deflection Computations and Criteria for Concrete Beams
130
Ultimate-Strength Design of Rectangular Beams with Tension Reinforcement Only
130
Working-Stress Design of Rectangular Beams with Tension Reinforcement Only
133
Ultimate-Strength Design of Rectangular Beams with Compression Bars
135
Working-Stress Design of Rectangular Beams with Compression Bars
136
Ultimate-Strength Design of I- and T-beams
138
Working-Stress Design of I- and T-beams
138
Ultimate-Strength Design for Torsion
140
Working-Stress Design for Torsion
141
Flat-Slab Construction
142
Flat-Plate Construction
142
Shear in Slabs
145
Column Moments
146
Spirals
147
Braced and Unbraced Frames
147
Shear Walls
148
Concrete Gravity Retaining Walls
150
Cantilever Retaining Walls
153
Wall Footings
155
Chapter
6. Timber Engineering Formulas
157
Grading of Lumber
157
Size of Lumber
157
Bearing
159
Beams
159
Columns
160
Combined Bending and Axial Load
161
Compression at Angle to Grain
161
Recommendations of the Forest Products Laboratory
162
Compression on Oblique Plane
163
Adjustment Factors for Design Values
164
Fasteners for Wood
169
Adjustment of Design Values for Connections with Fasteners
171
Roof Slope to Prevent Ponding
172
Bending and Axial Tension
173
Bending and Axial Compression
173
Solid Rectangular or Square Columns with Flat Ends
174
Chapter
7. Surveying Formulas
177
Units of Measurement
177
Theory of Errors
178
Measurement of Distance with Tapes
179
Vertical Control
182
Stadia Surveying
183
Photogrammetry
184
Chapter
8. Soil and Earthwork Formulas
185
Physical Properties of Soils
185
Index Parameters for Soils
186
Relationship of Weights and Volumes in Soils
186
Internal Friction and Cohesion
188
Vertical Pressures in Soils
188
Lateral Pressures in Soils, Forces on Retaining Walls
189
Lateral Pressure of Cohesionless Soils
190
Lateral Pressure of Cohesive Soils
191
Water Pressure
191
Lateral Pressure from Surcharge
191
Stability of Slopes
192
Bearing Capacity of Soils
192
Settlement under Foundations
193
Soil Compaction Tests
193
Compaction Equipment
195
formulas for Earthmoving
196
Scraper Production
197
Vibration Control in Blasting
198
Chapter
9. Building and Structures Formulas
207
Load-and-Resistance Factor Design for Shear in Buildings
207
Allowable-Stress Design for Building Columns
208
Load-and-Resistance Factor Design for Building Columns
209
Allowable-Stress Design for Building Beams
209
Load-and-Resistance Factor Design for Building Beams
211
Allowable-Stress Design for Shear in Buildings
214
Stresses in Thin Shells
215
Bearing Plates
216
Column Base Plates
217
Bearing on Milled Surfaces
218
Plate Girders in Buildings
219
Load Distribution to Bents and Shear Walls
220
Combined Axial Compression or Tension and Bending
221
Webs under Concentrated Loads
222
Design of Stiffeners under Loads
224
Fasteners in Buildings
225
Composite Construction
225
Number of Connectors Required for Building Construction
226
Ponding Considerations in Buildings
228
Lightweight Steel Construction
228
Choosing the Most Economic Structural Steel
239
Steel Carbon Content and Weldability
240
Statically Indeterminate Forces and Moments in Building Structures
241
Roof Live Loads
244
Chapter
10. Bridge and Suspension-Cable Formulas
249
Shear Strength Design for Bridges
249
Allowable-Stress Design for Bridge Columns
250
Load-and-Resistance Factor Design for Bridge Columns
250
Additional Bridge Column Formulas
251
Allowable-Stress Design for Bridge Beams
254
Stiffeners on Bridge Girders
255
Hybrid Bridge Girders
256
Load-Factor Design for Bridge Beams
256
Bearing on Milled Surfaces
258
Bridge Fasteners
258
Composite Construction in Highway Bridges
259
Number of Connectors in Bridges
261
Allowable-Stress Design for Shear in Bridges
262
Maximum Width/Thickness Ratios for Compression Elements for Highway Bridges
263
Suspension Cables
263
General Relations for Suspension Cables
267
Cable Systems
272
Rainwater Accumulation and Drainage on Bridges
273
Chapter
11. Highway and Road Formulas
275
Circular Curves
275
Parabolic Curves
277
Highway Curves and Driver Safety
278
Highway Alignments
279
Structural Numbers for Flexible Pavements
281
Transition (Spiral) Curves
284
Designing Highway Culverts
285
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Design Procedure
286
Chapter
12. Hydraulics and Waterworks Formulas
291
Capillary Action
291
Viscosity
291
Pressure on Submerged Curved Surfaces
295
Fundamentals of Fluid Flow
296
Similitude for Physical Models
298
Fluid Flow in Pipes
300
Pressure (Head) Changes Caused by Pipe Size Change
306
Flow through Orifices
308
Fluid Jets
310
Orifice Discharge into Diverging Conical Tubes
311
Water Hammer
312
Pipe Stresses Perpendicular to the Longitudinal Axis
312
Temperature Expansion of Pipe
313
Forces due to Pipe Bends
313
Culverts
315
Open-Channel Flow
318
Manning's Equation for Open Channels
320
Hydraulic Jump
321
Nonuniform Flow in Open Channels
323
Weirs
329
Flow over Weirs
330
Prediction of Sediment-Delivery Rate
332
Evaporation and Transpiration
332
Method for Determining Runoff for Minor Hydraulic Structures
333
Computing Rainfall Intensity
333
Groundwater
334
Water Flow for Fire Fighting
335
Flow from Wells
335
Economical Sizing of Distribution Piping
336
Venturi Meter Flow Computation
336
Hydroelectric Power Generation
337
Pumps and Pumping Systems
338
Hydraulic Turbines
344
Dams
348
Chapter
13. Stormwater, Sewage, Sanitary Wastewater, and Environmental Protection
361
Determining Storm Water Flow
361
Flow Velocity in Straight Sewers
361
Design of a Complete-Mix Activated Sludge Reactor
364
Design of a Circular Settling Tank
368
Sizing a Polymer Dilution/Feed System
369
Design of a Solid-Bowl Centrifuge for Sludge Dewatering
369
Design of a Trickling Filter Using the NRC Equations
371
Design of a Rapid-Mix Basin and Flocculation Basin
373
Design of an Aerobic Digester
374
Design of a Plastic Media Trickling Filter
375
Design of an Anaerobic Digestor
377
Design of a Chlorination System for Wastewater Disinfection
379
Sanitary Sewer System Design
380
Design of an Aerated Grit Chamber
383
Index 385
Tyler G. Hicks, PE (Rockville Center, NY) is a consulting engineer and a successful engineering book author. He has worked in plant designing and operation in a variety of industries, taught at several engineering schools, and lectured both in the United States and abroad. He holds a bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from Cooper Union School of Engineering in New York.