Household vulnerability to weather shocks and changing climatic conditions has become a major concern in developing countries. Yet the empirical evidence remains limited on the impact that changing environmental conditions have on households. This book explores climate change adaptation using a social resilience approach.
The book is based on primary data from the Sundarbans, a densely populated area located across parts of Bangladesh and India (West Bengal) which is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events and climate change. The focus is on assessing how households are affected by cyclones: whether they are able to cope with, adapt to and recover from events and changes; whether they are warned ahead of time; whether they benefit from government safety nets and other social programs; and finally whether they are driven to either temporary or permanent migration. This assessment leads to a better understanding of how exposure to an area of climate change vulnerability and risk affects and shapes human responses.
Acknowledgments |
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7 | (80) |
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2 Three approaches to climate change adaptation |
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2.3 Vulnerability approach |
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17 | (3) |
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3 Focus of the study and data |
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35 | (3) |
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3.2 Impact of weather shocks |
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38 | (4) |
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3.3 Coping and adaptation |
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42 | (4) |
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46 | (6) |
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52 | (5) |
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4 Ecological, historical, and socio-economic context |
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4.2 Physiographical and ecological development |
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4.3 Early human settlements |
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4.4 The colonial and contemporary era |
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4.5 Living conditions today |
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83 | (4) |
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PART II Vulnerability, coping, and adaptation |
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5 Impact of cyclones on household dwellings |
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6.2 Household coping and adaptation |
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6.3 Community and government support |
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6.4 Perceptions of changes in the environment |
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120 | (3) |
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7 Temporary and permanent migration |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (5) |
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130 | (17) |
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147 | (4) |
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PART III Government programs |
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151 | (43) |
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153 | (12) |
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153 | (1) |
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8.2 Early warning systems in the Sundarbans |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (4) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (2) |
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9 Government safety nets and transfer programs |
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165 | (15) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (4) |
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171 | (7) |
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178 | (2) |
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10 Synthesis and conclusion |
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180 | (2) |
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10.2 Impacts of cyclones on households |
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182 | (2) |
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10.3 Coping and adaptation |
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184 | (1) |
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10.4 Early warning systems and safety nets |
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184 | (6) |
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10.5 Temporary and permanent migration |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (3) |
Index |
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Anna O'Donnell is a Social Development Specialist with the Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice at the World Bank.
Quentin Wodon is an Adviser/Lead Economist with the Education Global Practice at the World Bank.