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Climate System Dynamics and Modelling [Hardback]

(Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 373 pages, height x width x depth: 260x184x20 mm, weight: 970 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 5 Tables, unspecified; 185 Plates, color; 3 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Aug-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107083893
  • ISBN-13: 9781107083899
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  • Cena: 124,94 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 373 pages, height x width x depth: 260x184x20 mm, weight: 970 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 5 Tables, unspecified; 185 Plates, color; 3 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Aug-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107083893
  • ISBN-13: 9781107083899
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
This textbook presents all aspects of climate system dynamics, on all timescales from the Earth's formation to modern human-induced climate change. It will be invaluable for any course on the climate system, and will also be useful for scientists and professionals who want a clear introduction to the topic.

This textbook presents all aspects of climate system dynamics, on all timescales from the Earth's formation to modern human-induced climate change. It discusses the dominant feedbacks and interactions between all the components of the climate system: atmosphere, ocean, land surface, and ice sheets. It addresses one of the key challenges for a course on the climate system: students can come from a range of backgrounds. A glossary of key terms is provided for students with little background in the climate sciences, whilst instructors and students with more expertise will appreciate the book's modular nature. Exercises are provided at the end of each chapter for readers to test their understanding. This textbook will be invaluable for any course on climate system dynamics and modeling, and will also be useful for scientists and professionals from other disciplines who want a clear introduction to the topic.

Recenzijas

'Hugues Goosse offers a brilliant introduction to climate dynamics and modelling. This comprehensive overview bridges the gap between classical, more focused textbooks on individual aspects of the wide-ranging climate topic, thereby providing an excellent compendium for advanced undergraduate and early masters students in the field of climate science.' Martin Claussen, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg 'This is an outstanding new textbook - a superb introduction to climate dynamics and climate systems modelling. The book is tailored masterfully to suit commencing graduate students, spanning all components of Earth's climate, and including a comprehensive glossary and exercises. It is also an ideal reference book for all undergraduates whose degrees require a fundamental knowledge of climate system dynamics. The book is also an outstanding teaching resource - I highly recommend it to all practitioners.' Matthew England, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, University of New South Wales 'Climate System Dynamics and Modelling is a broad, graduate/advanced undergraduate level, introduction to the climate system. It covers important processes and drivers of the climate system. It also provides a nice description of modelling the climate system, forcing and feedbacks. It fills a gap between those books that focus on detailed geophysical fluid dynamics and a descriptive discussion of the climate system. Goosse's book covers a broad range of topics including a detailed description of how orbital changes affect Earth's climate, how to use climate models and key ideas such as radiative forcing and climate feedbacks. As expected, given Goose's interests, changes in Earth's climate on timescales from its formation, the last one thousand years and the near future are all covered. He also discusses how past climates can be inferred from proxies. I like the book for its broad coverage, accessible style and review exercises at the end of each chapter. Students using it as a textbook would need some mathematical skill.' Simon Tett, University of Edinburgh 'This is exactly the book I wish I had when I started to study climate change! The book is well illustrated and written in a language clear enough for non-specialists to understand the dynamics of the climate system, but also provides clues on numerical approaches and references useful to specialists. The book offers a comprehensive view of the forcing and mechanisms driving the climate, the Earth's energy budget, and the global hydrological and carbon cycles. It guides the reader towards modelling as a tool for understanding climate change, in response to external forcing or internal dynamics. It also gives an excellent overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on climate change from the formation of the Earth to the last centuries. Furthermore, it proposes a critical view on anticipated changes in climate, ice and ocean in the near- to long-term future. Beyond its scientific content, the book is written in such a way that it is ideal as handbook for undergraduate and graduate classes in the Earth sciences. In brief, Climate System Dynamics and Modelling by Hugues Goosse is a remarkable work that will serve as a reference for years!' Anne de Vernal, Université du Québec, Montréal

Papildus informācija

An introductory textbook on all aspects of climate system dynamics and modelling for students, scientists and professionals.
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Main Symbols and Acronyms, Including Typical Values for Constants xv
1 Description of the Climate System and Its Components 1(29)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 The Atmosphere
2(9)
1.2.1 Composition and Temperature
2(5)
1.2.2 General Circulation of the Atmosphere
7(2)
1.2.3 Precipitation
9(2)
1.3 The Ocean
11(9)
1.3.1 Composition and Properties
11(1)
1.3.2 Oceanic Circulation
12(3)
1.3.3 Temperature and Salinity
15(5)
1.4 The Cryosphere
20(5)
1.4.1 Components
20(4)
1.4.2 Properties
24(1)
1.5 The Land Surface and the Terrestrial Biosphere
25(4)
Review Exercises
29(1)
2 Energy Balance, Hydrological and Carbon Cycles 30(43)
2.1 The Earth's Energy Budget
30(23)
2.1.1 The Radiative Balance at the Top of the Atmosphere: A Global View
30(2)
2.1.2 The Greenhouse Effect
32(3)
2.1.3 Present-Day Insolation at the Top of the Atmosphere
35(7)
2.1.4 The Radiative Balance at the Top of the Atmosphere: Geographical Distribution
42(1)
2.1.5 Heat Storage and Transport
43(6)
2.1.6 Energy Balance at the Surface
49(4)
2.2 The Hydrological Cycle
53(5)
2.2.1 Global Water Balance
53(1)
2.2.2 Water Balance on Land
54(3)
2.2.3 Local Water Balance and Water Transport
57(1)
2.3 The Carbon Cycle
58(12)
2.3.1 Overview
58(1)
2.3.2 Oceanic Carbon Cycle
59(5)
2.3.3 Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
64(3)
2.3.4 Geological Reservoirs
67(1)
2.3.5 The Methane Cycle
67(3)
Review Exercises
70(3)
3 Modelling the Climate System 73(60)
3.1 Introduction
73(5)
3.1.1 What Is a Climate Model?
73(3)
3.1.2 Types of Models
76(2)
3.2 A Hierarchy of Models
78(7)
3.2.1 Energy-Balance Models and Simple Dynamic Systems
78(1)
3.2.2 Intermediate-Complexity Models
79(2)
3.2.3 General Circulation Models
81(1)
3.2.4 Regional Climate Models
82(2)
3.2.5 Statistical Downscaling
84(1)
3.3 Components of a Climate Model
85(16)
3.3.1 Atmosphere
85(4)
3.3.2 Ocean
89(2)
3.3.3 Sea Ice
91(2)
3.3.4 Land Surface
93(3)
3.3.5 Marine Biogeochemistry
96(2)
3.3.6 Ice Sheets
98(1)
3.3.7 Aerosols and Atmospheric Chemistry
99(1)
3.3.8 Earth System Models: Coupling between the Components
100(1)
3.4 Numerical Resolution of the Equations
101(9)
3.4.1 A Simple Example Using the Finite-Difference Method
101(1)
3.4.2 Consistence, Convergence, Stability and Accuracy
102(3)
3.4.3 Time and Space Discretisations Using Finite Differences
105(3)
3.4.4 Spectral Representation, Finite-Volume and Finite-Element Methods
108(2)
3.5 Model Evaluation
110(11)
3.5.1 Testing, Verification and Validation
110(4)
3.5.2 Evaluating Model Performance
114(7)
3.6 Combining Model Results and Observations
121(9)
3.6.1 Correction of Model Biases
121(4)
3.6.2 Data Assimilation
125(5)
Review Exercises
130(3)
4 Response of the Climate System to a Perturbation 133(45)
4.1 Climate Forcing and Climate Response
133(18)
4.1.1 Notion of Radiative Forcing
133(2)
4.1.2 Major Radiative Forcing Agents
135(7)
4.1.3 Equilibrium Response of the Climate System: A Definition of Feedback
142(3)
4.1.4 Direct Physical Feedbacks
145(3)
4.1.5 Transient Response of the Climate System: Ocean Heat Uptake
148(3)
4.2 Physical Feedbacks
151(11)
4.2.1 Water-Vapour Feedback and Lapse-Rate Feedback
151(3)
4.2.2 Cryospheric Feedbacks
154(1)
4.2.3 Cloud Feedbacks
155(2)
4.2.4 Soil-Moisture Feedbacks
157(1)
4.2.5 Advective Feedback in the Ocean
158(4)
4.3 Geochemical, Biogeochemical and Biogeophysical Feedbacks
162(11)
4.3.1 Concentration-Carbon and Climate-Carbon Feedbacks
162(6)
4.3.2 Interactions between Climate and the Terrestrial Biosphere
168(1)
4.3.3 Calcium Carbonate Compensation
169(3)
4.3.4 Interaction among Plate Tectonics, Climate and the Carbon Cycle
172(1)
4.4 Summary of the Most Important Feedbacks
173(1)
Review Exercises
174(4)
5 Brief History of Climate: Causes and Mechanisms 178(69)
5.1 Introduction
178(4)
5.1.1 Forced and Internal Variability
178(2)
5.1.2 Time Scales of Climate Variations
180(2)
5.2 Internal Climate Variability
182(9)
5.2.1 El Nitio-Southern Oscillation
182(4)
5.2.2 North Atlantic Oscillation
186(2)
5.2.3 Southern Annular Mode
188(2)
5.2.4 Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation
190(1)
5.3 Reconstructing Past Climates
191(11)
5.3.1 Records of Past Climate Changes
191(5)
5.3.2 Dating Methods
196(4)
5.3.3 An Important Example: Reconstructions Based on Isotopes
200(2)
5.4 Climate since the Earth's Formation
202(9)
5.4.1 Precambrian Climate
202(3)
5.4.2 Phanerozoic Climate
205(2)
5.4.3 Cenozoic Climate
207(4)
5.5 The Last Million Years:Glacial-Interglacial Cycles
211(13)
5.5.1 Variations in Astronomical Parameters and Insolation
211(3)
5.5.2 The Astronomical Theory of Paleoclimates
214(5)
5.5.3 Glacial-Interglacial Variations in the Atmospheric CO2 Concentration
219(2)
5.5.4 Millennial-Scale Variability during Glacial Periods
221(3)
5.6 The Last Deglaciation and the Holocene
224(12)
5.6.1 The Last Deglaciation
224(3)
5.6.2 The Current Interglacial
227(2)
5.6.3 The Past 2000 Years
229(7)
5.7 The Last Century
236(7)
5.7.1 Observed Changes
236(1)
5.7.2 Detection and Attribution of Recent Climate Changes
237(6)
Review Exercises
243(4)
6 Future Climate Changes 247(38)
6.1 Scenarios
247(6)
6.1.1 The Purpose of the Scenarios and Scenario Development
247(2)
6.1.2 Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES)
249(1)
6.1.3 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)
250(3)
6.2 Climate Changes over the Twenty-First Century
253(20)
6.2.1 Model Ensembles
253(2)
6.2.2 Decadal Predictions and Projections
255(3)
6.2.3 Changes in Global Mean Surface Temperature
258(2)
6.2.4 Spatial Distribution of Surface Temperature Changes
260(3)
6.2.5 Spatial Distribution of Precipitation Changes
263(2)
6.2.6 Changes in the Ocean and Sea Ice
265(2)
6.2.7 Changes in Modes of Variability
267(1)
6.2.8 Changes in Climate Extremes
268(2)
6.2.9 Changes in the Carbon Cycle
270(3)
6.3 Long-Term Climate Changes
273(8)
6.3.1 The Carbon Cycle
273(2)
6.3.2 Sea Level and Ice Sheets
275(4)
6.3.3 Abrupt Climate Changes
279(2)
Review Exercises
281(4)
Concluding Remarks 285(2)
Glossary 287(30)
Cited References and Further Reading 317(24)
Solutions of the Review Exercises 341(12)
Index 353
Hugues Goosse is senior research associate with the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS-Belgium) and professor at the Université Catholique de Louvain in Belgium. He teaches climate related topics to students from a wide range of backgrounds, including physics, geography, engineering, bioengineering, biology, Earth and environmental sciences, and philosophy. His research is mainly devoted to the development of climate models, model-data comparison and the application of models to study past, current and future climate change, analyzing both natural variability and the response to human-induced perturbations. He is currently editor and former co-chief editor of the journal Climate of the Past. He has contributed to several international programs and assessment reports, in particular to the Fourth and Fifth Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).