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E-grāmata: Clonality: The Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution of Sexual Abstinence in Vertebrate Animals illustrated edition [Oxford Scholarship Online E-books]

(Distinguished Professor at the University of California at Irvine)
  • Formāts: 256 pages, 2 halftones, 68 line illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Oct-2008
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9780195369670
  • Oxford Scholarship Online E-books
  • Cena pašlaik nav zināma
  • Formāts: 256 pages, 2 halftones, 68 line illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Oct-2008
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9780195369670
Approximately 99.9% of vertebrate species reproduce sexually. The exceptional 0.1% reproduce via asexual or clonal means, which vary wildly and are fascinating in their own right. In this book, John C. Avise describes the genetics, ecology, natural history, and evolution of the world's approximately 100 species of vertebrate animal that routinely display one form or another of clonal or quasi-clonal reproduction. Approximately 99.9% of vertebrate species reproduce sexually. The exceptional 0.1% reproduce via asexual or clonal means, which vary wildly and are fascinating in their own right. In this book, John C. Avise describes the genetics, ecology, natural history, and evolution of the world's approximately 100 species of vertebrate animal that routinely display one form or another of clonal or quasi-clonal reproduction. By considering the many facets of sexual abstinence and clonal reproduction in vertebrate animals, Avise sheds new light on the biological meaning and ramifications of standard sexuality.
PART I Background: Like Begets Like
CHAPTER ONE Clonality within the Individual
3
Clonality at the Gene Level: DNA Replication
3
Clonality at the Genomic Level: Mitosis
6
Clonality in the Cellular Cytoplasm: Mitochondrial DNA
8
Clonality in the Sex Chromosomes
11
Clonality among the Soma
13
CHAPTER TWO Sexuality: The Antithesis of Clonality
15
Sex at the Interchromosomal Level: Meiosis, Syngamy, and Mendel's Laws
15
Sex at the Intrachromosomal Level: DNA Recombination via Crossing Over
17
Recombination versus Mutation as Sources of Genetic Variation
18
The Paradox of Sex
20
Sex and Death
25
Cellular Autonomy and Immortality
27
Summary of Part I
30
PART II Unisexual Clonality in Nature
CHAPTER THREE Reproduction by the Chaste: Parthenogenesis
35
The Cast of Players
35
Cellular and Genetic Mechanisms
51
Evolution and Phylogeny
52
Comparative Ecology and Natural History
70
CHAPTER FOUR Reproduction by the Semichaste: Gynogenesis, Hybridogenesis, and Kleptogenesis
81
The Cast of Players
82
Cellular and Genetic Mechanisms
97
Evolution and Phylogeny
99
Comparative Ecology and Natural History
112
Summary of Part II
115
PART III Sexual Clonality in Nature
CHAPTER FIVE Clonality in Utero: Polyembryony
119
The Cast of Players
120
Genetic and Embryological Mechanisms
127
Ecology and Evolution
127
CHAPTER SIX Clonality by Incest: Hermaphroditic Self-Fertilization
133
The Cast of Players
137
Genetic and Reproductive Mechanisms
138
Evolution and Ecology
144
Summary of Part III
151
PART IV Clonality in the Laboratory
Human-Sponsored Clonality
157
Gene Cloning
157
Whole-Individual Cloning by Quasi-natural Mechanisms
161
Whole-Individual Cloning by Mechanisms Unknown in Nature
168
Summary of Part IV
174
EPILOGUE 177
GLOSSARY 179
REFERENCES 191
INDEX 233
John C. Avise is a Distinguished Professor at the University of California at Irvine, and an elected member of both the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In twelve previous books and more than 280 scientific articles, he has helped to popularize as well as pioneer molecular genetic approaches in ecology, natural history, and evolution. He has received national and international awards for career-long contributions to ornithology, molecular ecology, biogeography, marine biology, and wildlife conservation.