Preface |
|
xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xix | |
|
1 Introduction to Cognitive Computing |
|
|
1 | (48) |
|
|
|
|
1.1 Introduction: Definition of Cognition, Cognitive Computing |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
1.2 Defining and Understanding Cognitive Computing |
|
|
2 | (4) |
|
1.3 Cognitive Computing Evolution and Importance |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
1.4 Difference Between Cognitive Computing and Artificial Intelligence |
|
|
8 | (3) |
|
1.5 The Elements of a Cognitive System |
|
|
11 | (6) |
|
1.5.1 Infrastructure and Deployment Modalities |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
1.5.2 Data Access, Metadata, and Management Services |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
1.5.3 The Corpus, Taxonomies, and Data Catalogs |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
1.5.4 Data Analytics Services |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
1.5.5 Constant Machine Learning |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
1.5.6 Components of a Cognitive System |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
1.5.7 Building the Corpus |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
1.5.8 Corpus Administration Governing and Protection Factors |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
1.6 Ingesting Data Into Cognitive System |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
1.6.1 Leveraging Interior and Exterior Data Sources |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
1.6.2 Data Access and Feature Extraction |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (3) |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
1.9 Machine Learning Process |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
1.10 Machine Learning Techniques |
|
|
25 | (5) |
|
1.10.1 Supervised Learning |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
1.10.2 Unsupervised Learning |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
1.10.3 Reinforcement Learning |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
1.10.4 The Significant Challenges in Machine Learning |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
1.11.1 Hypothesis Generation |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
1.12 Developing a Cognitive Computing Application |
|
|
32 | (3) |
|
1.13 Building a Health Care Application |
|
|
35 | (7) |
|
1.13.1 Healthcare Ecosystem Constituents |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
1.13.2 Beginning With a Cognitive Healthcare Application |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
1.13.3 Characterize the Questions Asked by the Clients |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
1.13.4 Creating a Corpus and Ingesting the Content |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
1.13.5 Training the System |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
1.13.6 Applying Cognition to Develop Health and Wellness |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (2) |
|
1.13.8 CafeWell Concierge in Action |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
1.14 Advantages of Cognitive Computing |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
1.15 Features of Cognitive Computing |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
1.16 Limitations of Cognitive Computing |
|
|
44 | (3) |
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
2 Machine Learning and Big Data in Cyber-Physical System: Methods, Applications and Challenges |
|
|
49 | (44) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
2.2 Cyber-Physical System Architecture |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
2.3 Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems (HiLCPS) |
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
2.4 Machine Learning Applications in CPS |
|
|
55 | (15) |
|
2.4.1 K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) in CPS |
|
|
55 | (3) |
|
2.4.2 Support Vector Machine (SVM) in CPS |
|
|
58 | (3) |
|
2.4.3 Random Forest (RF) in CPS |
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
2.4.4 Decision Trees (DT) in CPS |
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
2.4.5 Linear Regression (LR) in CPS |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
2.4.6 Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) in CPS |
|
|
66 | (4) |
|
2.4.7 Naive Bayes (NB) in CPS |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
70 | (2) |
|
2.6 Use of Big Data in CPS |
|
|
72 | (5) |
|
|
77 | (6) |
|
|
83 | (10) |
|
|
84 | (9) |
|
3 HemoSmart: A Non-Invasive Device and Mobile App for Anemia Detection |
|
|
93 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
94 | (4) |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
3.1.2 Research Objectives |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
98 | (3) |
|
|
101 | (9) |
|
3.3.1 Methodological Approach |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
3.3.1.1 Select an Appropriate Camera |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
3.3.1.2 Design the Lighting System |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
3.3.1.3 Design the Electronic Circuit |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
3.3.1.4 Design the Prototype |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
3.3.1.5 Collect Data and Develop the Algorithm |
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
3.3.1.6 Develop the Prototype |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
3.3.1.7 Mobile Application Development |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
3.3.1.9 Methods of Data Collection |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
3.3.2 Methods of Analysis |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
110 | (2) |
|
3.4.1 Impact of Project Outcomes |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
3.4.2 Results Obtained During the Methodology |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
3.4.2.1 Select an Appropriate Camera |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
3.4.2.2 Design the Lighting System |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
112 | (4) |
|
3.6 Originality and Innovativeness of the Research |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
3.6.1 Validation and Quality Control of Methods |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
3.6.2 Cost-Effectiveness of the Research |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
117 | (4) |
|
|
117 | (4) |
|
4 Advanced Cognitive Models and Algorithms |
|
|
121 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
4.2 Microsoft Azure Cognitive Model |
|
|
122 | (4) |
|
4.2.1 AI Services Broaden in Microsoft Azure |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
4.3 IBM Watson Cognitive Analytics |
|
|
126 | (6) |
|
4.3.1 Cognitive Computing |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
4.3.2 Denning Cognitive Computing via IBM Watson Interface |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
4.3.2.1 Evolution of Systems Towards Cognitive Computing |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
4.3.2.2 Main Aspects of IBM Watson |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
4.3.2.3 Key Areas of IBM Watson |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
4.3.3 IBM Watson Analytics |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
4.3.3.1 IBM Watson Features |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
4.3.3.2 IBM Watson DashDB |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
4.4 Natural Language Modeling |
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
4.4.2 Natural Language Based on Cognitive Computation |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
4.5 Representation of Knowledge Models |
|
|
134 | (3) |
|
|
137 | (4) |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
5 iParking--Smart Way to Automate the Management of the Parking System for a Smart City |
|
|
141 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
5.2 Background & Literature Review |
|
|
144 | (7) |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
5.2.2 Review of Literature |
|
|
145 | (6) |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
154 | (5) |
|
5.6.1 Lot Availability and Occupancy Detection |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
5.6.2 Error Analysis for GPS (Global Positioning System) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
5.6.3 Vehicle License Plate Detection System |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
5.6.4 Analyze Differential Parking Behaviors and Pricing |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
5.6.5 Targeted Digital Advertising |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
5.6.7 Specific Tools and Libraries |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
5.7 Testing and Evaluation |
|
|
159 | (2) |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
162 | (2) |
|
|
164 | (3) |
|
|
165 | (2) |
|
6 Cognitive Cyber-Physical System Applications |
|
|
167 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
6.2 Properties of Cognitive Cyber-Physical System |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
6.3 Components of Cognitive Cyber-Physical System |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
6.4 Relationship Between Cyber-Physical System for Human-Robot |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
6.5 Applications of Cognitive Cyber-Physical System |
|
|
172 | (9) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
6.5.2 Industrial Automation |
|
|
173 | (3) |
|
6.5.3 Healthcare and Biomedical |
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
6.5.4 Clinical Infrastructure |
|
|
178 | (2) |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
6.6 Case Study: Road Management System Using CPS |
|
|
181 | (3) |
|
6.6.1 Smart Accident Response System for Indian City |
|
|
182 | (2) |
|
|
184 | (5) |
|
|
185 | (4) |
|
|
189 | (30) |
|
|
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
7.2 Evolution of Cognitive System |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
7.3 Cognitive Computing Architecture |
|
|
193 | (9) |
|
7.3.1 Cognitive Computing and Internet of Things |
|
|
194 | (3) |
|
7.3.2 Cognitive Computing and Big Data Analysis |
|
|
197 | (3) |
|
7.3.3 Cognitive Computing and Cloud Computing |
|
|
200 | (2) |
|
7.4 Enabling Technologies in Cognitive Computing |
|
|
202 | (7) |
|
7.4.1 Cognitive Computing and Reinforcement Learning |
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
7.4.2 Cognitive Computive and Deep Learning |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
7.4.2.1 Rational Method and Perceptual Method |
|
|
205 | (2) |
|
7.4.2.2 Cognitive Computing and Image Understanding |
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
7.5 Applications of Cognitive Computing |
|
|
209 | (3) |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
7.6 Future of Cognitive Computing |
|
|
212 | (2) |
|
|
214 | (5) |
|
|
215 | (4) |
|
8 Tools Used for Research in Cognitive Engineering and Cyber Physical Systems |
|
|
219 | (12) |
|
|
8.1 Cyber Physical Systems |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
8.2 Introduction: The Four Phases of Industrial Revolution |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
8.4 Autonomous Automobile System |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
|
225 | (6) |
|
|
228 | (3) |
|
9 Role of Recent Technologies in Cognitive Systems |
|
|
231 | (34) |
|
|
|
|
|
232 | (4) |
|
9.1.1 Definition and Scope of Cognitive Computing |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
9.1.2 Architecture of Cognitive Computing |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
9.1.3 Features and Limitations of Cognitive Systems |
|
|
234 | (2) |
|
9.2 Natural Language Processing for Cognitive Systems |
|
|
236 | (5) |
|
9.2.1 Role of NLP in Cognitive Systems |
|
|
236 | (2) |
|
9.2.2 Linguistic Analysis |
|
|
238 | (2) |
|
9.2.3 Example Applications Using NLP With Cognitive Systems |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
9.3 Taxonomies and Ontologies of Knowledge Representation for Cognitive Systems |
|
|
241 | (7) |
|
9.3.1 Taxonomies and Ontologies and Their Importance in Knowledge Representation |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
9.3.2 How to Represent Knowledge in Cognitive Systems? |
|
|
243 | (4) |
|
9.3.3 Methodologies Used for Knowledge Representation in Cognitive Systems |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
9.4 Support of Cloud Computing for Cognitive Systems |
|
|
248 | (6) |
|
9.4.1 Importance of Shared Resources of Distributed Computing in Developing Cognitive Systems |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
9.4.2 Fundamental Concepts of Cloud Used in Building Cognitive Systems |
|
|
249 | (5) |
|
9.5 Cognitive Analytics for Automatic Fraud Detection Using Machine Learning and Fuzzy Systems |
|
|
254 | (2) |
|
9.5.1 Role of Machine Learning Concepts in Building Cognitive Analytics |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
9.5.2 Building Automated Patterns for Cognitive Analytics Using Fuzzy Systems |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
9.6 Design of Cognitive System for Healthcare Monitoring in Detecting Diseases |
|
|
256 | (3) |
|
9.6.1 Role of Cognitive System in Building Clinical Decision System |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
9.7 Advanced High Standard Applications Using Cognitive Computing |
|
|
259 | (3) |
|
|
262 | (3) |
|
|
263 | (2) |
|
10 Quantum Meta-Heuristics and Applications |
|
|
265 | (34) |
|
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
10.2 What is Quantum Computing? |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
10.3 Quantum Computing Challenges |
|
|
268 | (3) |
|
10.4 Meta-Heuristics and Quantum Meta-Heuristics Solution Approaches |
|
|
271 | (2) |
|
10.5 Quantum Meta-Heuristics Algorithms With Application Areas |
|
|
273 | (26) |
|
10.5.1 Quantum Meta-Heuristics Applications for Power Systems |
|
|
277 | (4) |
|
10.5.2 Quantum Meta-Heuristics Applications for Image Analysis |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
10.5.3 Quantum Meta-Heuristics Applications for Big Data or Data Mining |
|
|
282 | (3) |
|
10.5.4 Quantum Meta-Heuristics Applications for Vehicular Trafficking |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
10.5.5 Quantum Meta-Heuristics Applications for Cloud Computing |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
10.5.6 Quantum Meta-Heuristics Applications for Bioenergy or Biomedical Systems |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
10.5.7 Quantum Meta-Heuristics Applications for Cryptography or Cyber Security |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
10.5.8 Quantum Meta-Heuristics Applications for Miscellaneous Domain |
|
|
288 | (3) |
|
|
291 | (8) |
|
11 Ensuring Security and Privacy in IoT for Healthcare Applications |
|
|
299 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
11.2 Need of IoT in Healthcare |
|
|
300 | (3) |
|
11.2.1 Available Internet of Things Devices for Healthcare |
|
|
301 | (2) |
|
11.3 Literature Survey on an IoT-Aware Architecture for Smart Healthcare Systems |
|
|
303 | (3) |
|
11.3.1 Cyber-Physical System (CPS) for e-Healthcare |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
11.3.2 IoT-Enabled Healthcare With REST-Based Services |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
11.3.3 Smart Hospital System |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
11.3.4 Freescale Home Health Hub Reference Platform |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
11.3.5 A Smart System Connecting e-Health Sensors and Cloud |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
11.3.6 Customizing 6L0WPAN Networks Towards IoT-Based Ubiquitous Healthcare Systems |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
11.4 IoT in Healthcare: Challenges and Issues |
|
|
306 | (4) |
|
11.4.1 Challenges of the Internet of Things for Healthcare |
|
|
306 | (2) |
|
11.4.2 IoT Interoperability Issues |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
11.4.3 IoT Security Issues |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
11.4.3.1 Security of IoT Sensors |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
11.4.3.2 Security of Data Generated by Sensors |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
11.4.3.3 LoWPAN Networks Healthcare Systems and its Attacks |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
11.5 Proposed System: 6L0WPAN and COAP Protocol-Based IoT System for Medical Data Transfer by Preserving Privacy of Patient |
|
|
310 | (2) |
|
|
312 | (3) |
|
|
312 | (3) |
|
12 Empowering Secured Outsourcing in Cloud Storage Through Data Integrity Verification |
|
|
315 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
12.1.3 Information Uprightness |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (3) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
12.2.1.1 Privacy-Preserving PDP Schemes |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
319 | (5) |
|
12.3.1 Design Considerations |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
12.3.4 System Description |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
12.3.4.3 Repair and Check |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
12.4 Implementation and Result Discussion |
|
|
324 | (6) |
|
12.4.1 Creating Containers |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
12.4.4 Regeneration of File |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
12.4.5 Reconstructing a Node |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
330 | (2) |
|
|
332 | (3) |
|
|
333 | (2) |
Index |
|
335 | |