Preface |
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xvii | |
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1 Mass Communication in Society: Swimming in the Media Sea |
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1 | (17) |
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What Is Mass Communication? |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (8) |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Computer-Mediated Communication |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (4) |
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2 Research and Theory in Mass Communication: How We Study Media Scientifically |
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18 | (35) |
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Media Research Frameworks |
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19 | (8) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (6) |
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Theories of Mass Communication |
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27 | (12) |
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Social Cognitive Theory (Social Learning, Observational Learning, Modeling) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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Uses and Gratifications Theory |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (4) |
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39 | (1) |
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Cognitive Components of the Media Experience |
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39 | (9) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (1) |
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Media as Perceived Reality |
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48 | (4) |
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48 | (2) |
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The Study of Perceived Reality |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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3 Media Portrayals of Groups: Distorted Social Mirrors |
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53 | (39) |
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54 | (11) |
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54 | (6) |
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60 | (3) |
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Effects of Gender Stereotyping |
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63 | (2) |
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The Four Stages of Minority Portrayals |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (4) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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Effects of African American Portrayals |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (3) |
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Persons with Disabilities and Disorders |
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83 | (2) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (5) |
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86 | (1) |
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Lawyers and Courtroom Trials |
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86 | (1) |
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Psychologists and Psychiatrists |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Conclusion: So What if They're Stereotyped? |
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90 | (2) |
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4 Advertising and Marketing: Baiting, Catching, and Reeling Us In |
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92 | (32) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Psychological Appeals in Advertising |
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95 | (10) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (2) |
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Achievement, Success, and Power Appeals |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Testimonials (Product Endorsements) |
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102 | (1) |
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Can Appeals Be Unethical? |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Cognition and Marketing: Ads as Information to Be Processed |
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105 | (8) |
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106 | (1) |
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A Constructionist Framework for Understanding Advertising |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Miscomprehension Versus Deceptiveness |
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108 | (2) |
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True-But-Deceptive Ads (Induced Miscomprehension) |
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110 | (2) |
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Studying Deception Scientifically |
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112 | (1) |
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Sex and Subliminal Advertising |
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113 | (5) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (3) |
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Advertising in New Places |
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118 | (4) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Advertising on the Internet |
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120 | (2) |
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Prescription Drug Advertising |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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5 Children and Media: More Than Just Little Adults |
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124 | (27) |
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Children's Use of Different Media |
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125 | (2) |
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Mental Effort and Social Interaction |
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125 | (1) |
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Information Extraction and Memory |
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125 | (2) |
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The Medium and Imagination |
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127 | (1) |
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Prosocial Children's Television |
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127 | (5) |
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129 | (3) |
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132 | (1) |
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Commercial TV Contributions |
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133 | (5) |
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Science Shows for Children |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Children's Prosocial Learning from Adult Television |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (6) |
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Differentiating Ads and Programs |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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Television, Toymakers, and the Military |
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140 | (2) |
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Tobacco Advertising and Role Modeling |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (5) |
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146 | (1) |
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What Can Be Done in the Home |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (2) |
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6 Sports and Music: Emotion in High Gear |
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151 | (36) |
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The Emotional (Affective) Side of Experiencing Media |
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152 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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Media as Vicarious Emotional Experience |
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152 | (1) |
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Emotional Expression and Media |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (23) |
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How Television Has Changed Sports |
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157 | (9) |
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Psychological Issues in Sports and Media |
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166 | (12) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (8) |
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Uses and Gratifications of Popular Music |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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7 News: Setting the Agenda About the World |
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187 | (38) |
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191 | (8) |
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Primary Characteristics of a Newsworthy Event |
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192 | (3) |
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Secondary Characteristics of a Newsworthy Event |
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195 | (4) |
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News Media as Creating a Perceived Reality |
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199 | (9) |
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200 | (5) |
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The 1991 Persian Gulf War Coverage: Case Study |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (12) |
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The Impact of Different Points of View |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
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Effects of News on Attributions and Decision Making |
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211 | (1) |
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Responses to Crime Coverage in Media |
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212 | (5) |
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Suicides: Triggered by News? |
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217 | (1) |
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How Media Affect Foreign Policy |
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217 | (3) |
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Conclusion: Fiction Becomes Reality |
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220 | (5) |
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The Docudrama: Fact or Fiction? |
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221 | (1) |
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Limits of Media Influence |
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222 | (3) |
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8 Politics: Using News and Advertising to Win Elections |
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225 | (30) |
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Closing the Distance Between the Candidate and the Public |
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227 | (1) |
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Coverage of Political Campaigns |
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228 | (9) |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (2) |
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Interpretation by the Press |
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233 | (2) |
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The U.S. Presidential Debates |
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235 | (2) |
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Candidates' Use of News Media |
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237 | (5) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (1) |
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Dealing With Attacks From the Opponent |
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241 | (1) |
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The Need to Be Taken Seriously |
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242 | (1) |
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Case Study: Press Coverage of the 2000 U.S. Presidential Campaign and Election |
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242 | (3) |
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243 | (1) |
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Framing the Electoral Uncertainty |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (6) |
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246 | (2) |
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Appeals in Political Advertising |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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Effects of Political Advertising |
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250 | (1) |
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Television as Cultivator of Political Moderation |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (2) |
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9 Violence: Watching All That Mayhem Really Matters |
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255 | (32) |
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Effects of Media Violence |
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257 | (18) |
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257 | (3) |
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260 | (4) |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (1) |
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Important Interactive Factors |
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269 | (5) |
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274 | (1) |
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Who Watches Media Violence and Why? |
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275 | (2) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (2) |
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Research Versus the Public Perception |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (2) |
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Helping Children Deal With Violent Media |
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282 | (3) |
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282 | (1) |
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Parental Mediation and Media Literacy |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (2) |
10 Sex: Pornography, Innuendo, and Rape as a Turn-On |
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287 | (30) |
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The Nature of Sex in Media |
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288 | (4) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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Effects of Viewing Media Sex |
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292 | (13) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (7) |
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300 | (3) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (2) |
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305 | (9) |
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Erotica as Stimulator of Aggression |
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305 | (1) |
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Effects Depend on How the Woman Is Portrayed |
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305 | (1) |
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Individual Differences in Male Viewers |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (4) |
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Mitigating the Negative Effects of Sexual Violence |
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311 | (1) |
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Press Coverage of Sexually Violent Crimes |
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312 | (2) |
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314 | (3) |
11 Teaching Values and Health: Media as Parent, Priest, Physician, and Moral Arbiter |
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317 | (35) |
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Media's Teaching of Values |
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318 | (2) |
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320 | (8) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (3) |
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The Influence of Television on Family Life |
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325 | (3) |
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328 | (7) |
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328 | (1) |
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Portrayals of Religious Professionals |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (3) |
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333 | (1) |
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Effects of Television on Religion |
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334 | (1) |
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Media Use in Social Marketing |
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335 | (9) |
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Obstacles to Social Marketing |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (1) |
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Positive Effects of Social Marketing |
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339 | (2) |
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Public Health Media Campaigns |
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341 | (1) |
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Stanford Five-City Multifactor Risk Reduction Project |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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Entertainment-Education Media |
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344 | (5) |
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344 | (2) |
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346 | (3) |
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349 | (3) |
12 Handling Media: Living With New Technologies and Communicating About Media |
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352 | (19) |
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The Future and New Technologies |
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353 | (8) |
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353 | (3) |
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356 | (5) |
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361 | (4) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (2) |
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Communicating Media Research Findings to the Public |
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365 | (2) |
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Conclusion: What Is Mass Communication? (Revisited) |
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367 | (4) |
References |
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371 | (72) |
Author Index |
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443 | (18) |
Subject Index |
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461 | |