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E-grāmata: Colonial Urbanism in the Age of the Enlightenment: The Spanish Bourbon Reforms in the River Plate

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This book tells the story of how the monarchy aimed at creating a new capital city in a remote and forgotten area of the empire. It also shows how the local Creole bourgeoisie rapidly assumed the role of urban developers, and enhanced their economic status by investing in and controlling the Buenos Aires’ property market. In a short period, from 1776 to 1810, the urban transformation of Buenos Aires helped increase the Crown’s revenues and considerably reduced contraband trade. Nevertheless, urban changes generated an internal struggle for power for the control of the city between the Spanish loyalist and the local wealthier Creoles. As this book concludes, for an empire such as the Spanish, which was built upon a network of cities, the Crown’s loss of the control of Buenos Aires’ urban space was a serious threat to its power that foreshadowed Argentina’s wars of independence.



This book tells the story of how the monarchy aimed at creating a new capital city in a remote and forgotten area of the empire and shows how the local Creole bourgeoisie rapidly assumed the role of urban developers and enhanced their economic status by investing in and controlling the Buenos Aires’ property market.



This book tells the story of how the monarchy aimed at creating a new capital city in a remote and forgotten area of the empire. It also shows how the local Creole bourgeoisie rapidly assumed the role of urban developers, and enhanced their economic status by investing in and controlling the Buenos Aires’ property market. In a short period, from 1776 to 1810, the urban transformation of Buenos Aires helped increase the Crown’s revenues and considerably reduced contraband trade. Nevertheless, urban changes generated an internal struggle for power for the control of the city between the Spanish loyalist and the local wealthier Creoles. As this book concludes, for an empire such as the Spanish, which was built upon a network of cities, the Crown’s loss of the control of Buenos Aires’ urban space was a serious threat to its power that foreshadowed Argentina’s wars of independence.

During the eighteenth century, the Bourbon monarchy set about making geopolitical changes in the colonies in order to encourage trade. Buenos Aires was designated as the new capital city of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate in 1776. However, the city had at the time very little urban infrastructure – it did not even have a cathedral or appropriate government buildings to welcome high-ranked bureaucrats from Spain, such as the Viceroy. Streets were mainly unpaved, dusty and there were no parks or promenades like in other capitals, where the eighteenth-century society could parade in fine clothes and displayed their often newly acquired social status.

This book tells the story of how the monarchy aimed at creating a new capital city in a remote and forgotten area of the empire. It also shows how the local Creole bourgeoisie rapidly assumed the role of urban developers, and enhanced their economic status by investing in and controlling the Buenos Aires’ property market. In a short period, from 1776 to 1810, the urban transformation of Buenos Aires helped increase the Crown’s revenues and considerably reduced contraband trade. Nevertheless, urban changes generated an internal struggle for power for the control of the city between the Spanish loyalist and the local wealthier Creoles. As this book concludes, for an empire such as the Spanish, which was constructed upon a network of cities, the Crown’s loss of the control of Buenos Aires’ urban space was a serious threat to its power that foreshadowed Argentina’s wars of independence.

Recenzijas

Written in a clear engaging way and beautifully illustrated, this excellent original scholarly study of Buenos Aires in the late eighteenth century based on archival research not only adds greatly to our knowledge of the history of urban planning and architecture in Latin America but also reveals new thinking about how societies were seeking to reflect their status on the eve of independence. Linda Newson, Emeritus Professor, Centre for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, University of London, UK. This book presents a compelling account of the material and urban impacts of enlightened reform in the late eighteenth-century viceroyalty of the Rķo de la Plata, especially in the city of Buenos Aires. The authors archival research and use of theoretical frameworks for understanding the Enlightenment, including those of Max Weber, Michel Foucault, Theodoro Adorno and Max Horkheimer, allow for critical interpretation that should be of interest to the fields of Latin American urban history and geography. Paul B. Niell, Ph.D., Clark Professor, Clark Library and Center for 17th and 18th Century Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.

Papildus informācija

Tells the story of how the monarchy aimed at creating a new capital city in a remote and forgotten area of the empire and shows how the local Creole bourgeoisie rapidly assumed the role of urban developers and enhanced their economic status by investing in and controlling the Buenos Aires property market.
List of Figures and Tables
ix
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction xiii
1 The Spanish Empire before the Bourbon Reforms
1(22)
The Geo-Administrative Division of the Colonial Territories in the Americas
1(3)
The Spanish Empire Hierarchical System of Cities
4(4)
Domination, Acculturation and the Colonial Society of the Eighteenth Century
8(7)
Urban Tools for Domination: Foundational Myth, the Grid and Architectural Styles
15(8)
The grid system
16(2)
Urban planning
18(2)
Architectural styles
20(3)
2 The River Plate before 1776 and the Bourbon Reforms
23(30)
The Foundation of Buenos Aires
23(4)
Trade, Contraband and the Merchant Class
27(8)
The Bourbon Reforms and the Intendancy System
35(8)
Buenos Aires' Urban Geography prior to 1776
43(10)
3 Urban Expansion
53(26)
Land Control Changes
53(8)
The Spatial Division of the City
61(12)
Decentralisation of Market Activities
73(4)
Emergence of Entrepreneurial Urban Developers
77(2)
4 The Image of Power
79(44)
Enlightened Urbanisation
79(1)
Urban Improvements, the Real Ordenanza de Intendentes and Political Conflict
80(21)
Street paving
82(13)
Waste collection
95(1)
Street lighting
96(5)
Public Buildings and Government Offices
101(11)
Investment in Government Offices
112(8)
A Monarchical Power Losing Control of the Plaza Mayor
120(3)
5 Ceremonies of Power
123(42)
The King's Presence in the Colonies
123(14)
The Ceremonies and the Hierarchical System of Cities
137(8)
Viceroy's Arrivals in Buenos Aires
145(6)
Symbolic Capital and Economy of Favour
151(4)
Neoclassical Translations to Represent the Enlightened Empire in the River Plate
155(7)
Ceremonies and Power Relations
162(3)
6 Disciplining Porteflos' Private Architecture
165(34)
Government Regulations and the Development of Private Buildings
165(14)
Regulation of the Entire Building Apparel
179(4)
Investment in the Residential Real Estate Market
183(12)
The Populace Takes Over the City
195(4)
7 The British Assault on the River Plate
199(14)
The Enemy, the Cabildo and the Defence of the City
199(6)
Creating a New Ideological Urban Field
205(2)
La ciudad mas Leal
207(2)
`Dialectics of the Enlightenment' and the Architecture of Freedom
209(4)
Appendix 1 213(2)
Bibliography 215(16)
Index 231
Claudia Murray is a research fellow at the School of Real Estate and Planning, University of Reading. Her research interests focus on the socio-cultural and economic implications of rural and urban development of the built environment.