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Combustion Engineering 2nd edition [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 552 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 1180 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-May-2011
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1420092502
  • ISBN-13: 9781420092509
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Combustion Engineering 2nd editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 552 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 1180 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-May-2011
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1420092502
  • ISBN-13: 9781420092509
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781420092509.html
Keywords:
Combustion Engineering, Second Edition maintains the same goal as the original: to present the fundamentals of combustion science with application to todays energy challenges. Using combustion applications to reinforce the fundamentals of combustion science, this text provides a uniquely accessible introduction to combustion for undergraduate students, first-year graduate students, and professionals in the workplace.

Combustion is a critical issue impacting energy utilization, sustainability, and climate change. The challenge is to design safe and efficient combustion systems for many types of fuels in a way that protects the environment and enables sustainable lifestyles. Emphasizing the use of combustion fundamentals in the engineering and design of combustion systems, this text provides detailed coverage of gaseous, liquid and solid fuel combustion, including focused coverage of biomass combustion, which will be invaluable to new entrants to the field.

Eight chapters address the fundamentals of combustion, including fuels, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, flames, detonations, sprays, and solid fuel combustion mechanisms. Eight additional chapters apply these fundamentals to furnaces, spark ignition and diesel engines, gas turbines, and suspension burning, fixed bed combustion, and fluidized bed combustion of solid fuels.

Presenting a renewed emphasis on fundamentals and updated applications to illustrate the latest trends relevant to combustion engineering, the authors provide a number of pedagogic features, including:











Numerous tables with practical data and formulae that link combustion fundamentals to engineering practice Concise presentation of mathematical methods with qualitative descriptions of their use Coverage of alternative and renewable fuel topics throughout the text Extensive example problems, chapter-end problems, and references

These features and the overall fundamentals-to-practice nature of this book make it an ideal resource for undergraduate, first level graduate, or professional training classes. Students and practitioners will find that it is an excellent introduction to meeting the crucial challenge of engineering sustainable combustion systems in a cost-effective manner.

A solutions manual and additional teaching resources are available with qualifying course adoption.
Preface to Second Edition xiii
Preface to First Edition xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Authors xix
Nomenclature and Abbreviations xxi
Chapter 1 Introduction to Combustion Engineering
1(10)
1.1 The Nature of Combustion
1(2)
1.2 Combustion Emissions
3(1)
1.3 Global Climate Change
4(2)
1.4 Sustainability
6(1)
1.5 World Energy Production
6(1)
1.6 Structure of the Book
7(1)
References
8(3)
Part I Basic Concepts
Chapter 2 Fuels
11(30)
2.1 Gaseous Fuels
11(4)
2.1.1 Characterization of Gaseous Fuels
13(2)
2.2 Liquid Fuels
15(9)
2.2.1 Molecular Structure
16(2)
2.2.2 Characterization of Liquid Fuels
18(4)
2.2.3 Liquid Fuel Types
22(2)
2.3 Solid Fuels
24(13)
2.3.1 Biomass
27(2)
2.3.2 Peat
29(1)
2.3.3 Coal
30(2)
2.3.4 Refuse-Derived Fuels
32(1)
2.3.5 Characterization of Solid Fuels
33(4)
2.4 Problems
37(2)
References
39(2)
Chapter 3 Thermodynamics of Combustion
41(50)
3.1 Review of First Law Concepts
41(3)
3.2 Properties of Mixtures
44(4)
3.3 Combustion Stoichiometry
48(11)
3.4 Chemical Energy
59(7)
3.4.1 Heat of Reaction
59(5)
3.4.2 Heat of Formation and Absolute Enthalpy
64(2)
3.5 Chemical Equilibrium
66(15)
3.5.1 Chemical Equilibrium Criterion
67(13)
3.5.2 Properties of Combustion Products
80(1)
3.6 Adiabatic Flame Temperature
81(5)
3.7 Problems
86(4)
References
90(1)
Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics of Combustion
91(34)
4.1 Elementary Reactions
91(6)
4.2 Chain Reactions
97(5)
4.3 Global Reactions
102(6)
4.4 Nitric Oxide Kinetics
108(8)
4.4.1 Prompt NO and Fuel-Bound NO
115(1)
4.5 Reactions at a Solid Surface
116(2)
4.6 Problems
118(2)
References
120(5)
Part II Combustion of Gaseous and Vaporized Fuels
Chapter 5 Flames
125(38)
5.1 Laminar Premixed Flames
125(8)
5.1.1 Effect of Stoichiometry on Laminar Flame Speed
126(4)
5.1.2 Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Laminar Flame Speed
130(2)
5.1.3 Stabilization of Premixed Flames
132(1)
5.2 Laminar Flame Theory
133(11)
5.2.1 Laminar Flame Differential Equations
137(2)
5.2.2 Simplified Laminar Flame Model
139(5)
5.3 Turbulent Premixed Flames
144(6)
5.3.1 Turbulence Parameters, Length Scales, and Time Scales
145(2)
5.3.2 Turbulent Flame Types
147(3)
5.4 Explosion Limits
150(2)
5.5 Diffusion Flames
152(7)
5.5.1 Free Jet Flames
153(2)
5.5.2 Concentric Jet Flames
155(2)
5.5.3 Concentric Jet Flame with Bluff Body
157(2)
5.6 Problems
159(1)
References
160(3)
Chapter 6 Gas-Fired Furnaces and Boilers
163(20)
6.1 Energy Balance and Efficiency
163(7)
6.1.1 Furnace and Boiler Efficiency
167(3)
6.2 Fuel Substitution
170(2)
6.3 Residential Gas Burners
172(2)
6.4 Industrial Gas Burners
174(2)
6.5 Utility Gas Burners
176(2)
6.6 Low Swirl Gas Burners
178(2)
6.7 Problems
180(1)
References
181(2)
Chapter 7 Premixed-Charge Engine Combustion
183(30)
7.1 Introduction to the Spark Ignition Engine
183(3)
7.2 Engine Efficiency
186(2)
7.3 One-Zone Model of Combustion in a Piston-Cylinder
188(5)
7.4 Two-Zone Model of Combustion in a Piston-Cylinder
193(4)
7.5 In-Cylinder Flame Structure
197(2)
7.6 Combustion Chamber Design
199(1)
7.7 Emission Controls
200(3)
7.8 Ethanol Considerations
203(1)
7.9 Review of Terminology for Premixed Gas, Four-Stroke Engines
204(2)
7.10 Problems
206(4)
References
210(3)
Chapter 8 Detonation of Gaseous Mixtures
213(22)
8.1 Transition to Detonation
213(1)
8.2 Steady-State Detonations
214(6)
8.3 One-Dimensional Model for Propagation Velocity, Pressure, and Temperature Rise across a Detonation
220(7)
8.4 Maintained and Pulse Detonations
227(2)
8.5 Problems
229(2)
References
231(4)
Part III Combustion of Liquid Fuels
Chapter 9 Spray Formation and Droplet Behavior
235(30)
9.1 Spray Formation
236(3)
9.2 Droplet Size Distributions
239(4)
9.3 Fuel Injectors
243(15)
9.3.1 Steady Flow Injectors
243(5)
9.3.2 Intermittent Injectors
248(10)
9.4 Vaporization of Single Droplets
258(3)
9.5 Problems
261(1)
References
262(3)
Chapter 10 Oil-Fired Furnace Combustion
265(22)
10.1 Oil-Fired Systems
265(4)
10.2 Spray Combustion in Furnaces and Boilers
269(5)
10.3 Plug Flow Model of a Uniform Field of Droplets
274(5)
10.4 Emissions from Oil-Fired Furnaces and Boilers
279(5)
10.5 Problems
284(1)
References
285(2)
Chapter 11 Gas Turbine Spray Combustion
287(30)
11.1 Gas Turbine Operating Parameters
287(4)
11.2 Combustor Design
291(9)
11.2.1 Ignition
295(1)
11.2.2 Flame Stabilization
296(1)
11.2.3 A Specific Combustor Design
297(3)
11.3 Combustion Rate
300(8)
11.4 Liner Heat Transfer
308(2)
11.5 Low Emissions Combustors
310(3)
11.6 Problems
313(1)
References
314(3)
Chapter 12 Diesel Engine Combustion
317(22)
12.1 Introduction to Diesel Engine Combustion
317(1)
12.2 Combustion Chamber Geometry and Flow Patterns
318(2)
12.3 Fuel Injection
320(1)
12.4 Ignition Delay
321(3)
12.5 One-Zone Model and Rate of Combustion
324(3)
12.6 Engine Emissions
327(5)
12.6.1 Diesel Engine Emission Standards
331(1)
12.7 Diesel Engine Improvements
332(2)
12.8 Problems
334(1)
References
335(4)
Chapter 13 Detonation of Liquid and Gaseous Mixtures
339(16)
13.1 Detonation of Liquid Fuel Sprays
340(7)
13.1.1 Droplet Breakup
340(3)
13.1.2 Spray Detonations
343(4)
13.2 Detonation of Liquid Fuel Layers
347(3)
13.3 Problems
350(1)
References
351(4)
Part IV Combustion of Solid Fuels
Chapter 14 Solid Fuel Combustion Mechanisms
355(26)
14.1 Drying of Solid Fuels
355(8)
14.1.1 Drying of Small Particles
356(5)
14.1.2 Drying of Larger Particles
361(2)
14.2 Devolatilization of Solid Fuels
363(5)
14.3 Char Combustion
368(9)
14.3.1 Char Burnout
372(3)
14.3.2 Char Surface Temperature
375(2)
14.4 Ash Formation
377(1)
14.5 Problems
377(1)
References
378(3)
Chapter 15 Fixed Bed Combustion
381(30)
15.1 Biomass Cookstoves
381(5)
15.2 Space Heating Stoves Using Logs
386(1)
15.3 Grate Burning Systems for Heat and Power
387(4)
15.3.1 Traveling Grate Spreader Stokers
388(1)
15.3.2 Vibrating Grate Spreader Stokers
389(2)
15.4 Combustion Efficiency and Boiler Efficiency
391(2)
15.5 Emissions from Grate Burning Systems
393(3)
15.6 Modeling Combustion of Solid Fuels on a Grate
396(9)
15.6.1 Modeling Fixed-Bed Char Combustion
396(5)
15.6.2 Modeling Fixed-Bed Combustion of Biomass
401(4)
15.7 Problems
405(3)
References
408(3)
Chapter 16 Suspension Burning
411(30)
16.1 Pulverized Coal Burning Systems
411(7)
16.1.1 Location of Fuel and Air Nozzles
413(3)
16.1.2 Furnace Design
416(2)
16.2 Pulverized Coal Combustion
418(11)
16.2.1 Isothermal Plug Flow of Pulverized Coal
419(6)
16.2.2 Non-Isothermal Plug Flow of Pulverized Char Suspension
425(4)
16.3 Behavior of Ash
429(1)
16.4 Emissions from Pulverized Coal Boilers
430(1)
16.5 Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration
431(4)
16.6 Biomass-Fired Boilers
435(1)
16.7 Problems
436(2)
References
438(3)
Chapter 17 Fluidized Bed Combustion
441(30)
17.1 Fluidization Fundamentals
442(9)
17.1.1 Pressure Drop across the Bed
445(1)
17.1.2 Minimum Fluidization Velocity
446(1)
17.1.3 Single Particle Terminal Velocity
447(1)
17.1.4 Bubbling Beds
448(2)
17.1.5 Heat and Mass Transfer in the Bed
450(1)
17.2 Combustion in a Bubbling Bed
451(9)
17.2.1 Neglect Bubbles and Assume Complete Combustion in the Bed
452(4)
17.2.2 Neglect Bubbles but Include Some Combustion above the Bed
456(1)
17.2.3 Include the Effect of Bubbles and Some Combustion above the Bed
457(1)
17.2.4 Fuel Hold-Up in the Bed
458(2)
17.3 Atmospheric Pressure Fluidized Bed Combustion Systems
460(2)
17.3.1 Emissions from Fluidized Bed Boilers
462(1)
17.4 Circulating Fluidized Beds
462(2)
17.5 Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasification of Biomass
464(3)
17.6 Problems
467(2)
References
469(2)
Appendix A Properties of Fuels 471(10)
Appendix B Properties of Air (at 1 atm) 481(2)
Appendix C Thermodynamic Properties of Combustion Products 483(16)
Appendix D Historical Perspective on Combustion Technology 499(10)
Index 509
Dr. Kenneth Ragland is an emeritus professor of mechanical engineering at the University of WisconsinMadison. Throughout his career, he taught courses in thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, combustion, and air pollution control. His early research was on solid fuel ram jet combustion, and gaseous and heterogeneous detonations. His research at UWMadison focused on solid fuel combustion of coal and biomass as single particles, combustion in shallow and deep fixed beds, fluidized bed combustion, and combustion emissions. He served as chair of the Department of Mechanical Engineering from July 1995 until his retirement in July 1999. In retirement his research has focused on the development of systems for planting, harvesting, and combusting biomass crops for energy. Currently, he is the vice president of Energy Performance Systems, Inc.

Dr. Kenneth "Mark" Bryden joined the faculty of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Iowa State University in 1998 after receiving his doctoral degree in mechanical engineering from the University of WisconsinMadison. Prior to his studies at the University of WisconsinMadison, he worked fourteen years in a wide range of engineering positions at Westinghouse Electric Corporation. This included eight years in power plant operations and six years in power plant engineering. More than ten of these years were spent in engineering management. Mark has an active research and teaching program in the areas of energy, combustion, and appropriate technology. He is particularly interested in biomass combustion and small cookstoves for the developing world. He is president of Engineers for Technical and Humanitarian Opportunities for Service (ETHOS) and is the program director for the Simulation, Modeling and Decision Science Program at the U.S. Department of Energys Ames Laboratory. He teaches classes in combustion, sustainability, energy systems, and design for the developing world. He is the recipient of numerous teaching and research awards, including three R&D 100 awards within the past five years.