| Introduction |
|
1 | (1) |
| About This Book |
|
1 | (1) |
| Foolish Assumptions |
|
2 | (1) |
| Icons Used in This Book |
|
2 | (1) |
| Beyond the Book |
|
3 | (1) |
| Where to Go from Here |
|
3 | (2) |
|
PART 1 GETTING TO KNOW COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE INVESTING |
|
|
5 | (58) |
|
Chapter 1 Just Imagine Commercial Real Estate and You! |
|
|
7 | (10) |
|
Defining Commercial Real Estate |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
|
9 | (5) |
|
Making money with commercial real estate investing |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Exploring investing opportunities |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
Understanding the Risks of Commercial Real Estate |
|
|
14 | (3) |
|
Avoiding lawsuits, the most feared risk |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
Risk-proofing your investment plan |
|
|
15 | (2) |
|
Chapter 2 A Crash Course in Commercial Real Estate Investing |
|
|
17 | (16) |
|
Comparing Commercial Real Estate and Residential Real Estate |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
Deciding to Invest in Commercial Real Estate |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
Exploring the Available Types of Investments |
|
|
21 | (4) |
|
Apartment buildings (also known as residential properties) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
Warehouses or industrial properties |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
Easily meeting people and making new friends |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
Accounting and collecting |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
Recognizing Myths and Questions about Investing in Commercial Real Estate |
|
|
26 | (2) |
|
Timing the Commercial Real Estate Market |
|
|
28 | (5) |
|
Knowing whether to buy, hold, or bottom-fish |
|
|
28 | (3) |
|
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
Chapter 3 Evaluating Commercial Real Estate |
|
|
33 | (30) |
|
Talking the Talk: Terms You Need to Know |
|
|
34 | (3) |
|
The Commercial Property Evaluator |
|
|
37 | (4) |
|
Why Seller's Numbers Can't Be Trusted |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
How the Commercial Property Evaluator Works |
|
|
38 | (3) |
|
Diving Deeper into Property Valuation |
|
|
41 | (5) |
|
Not-so-obvious tips on analyzing |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
Establish and follow guiding principles |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
Running the Numbers on Some Properties |
|
|
46 | (6) |
|
Analyzing an apartment deal |
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
Analyzing a retail shopping center |
|
|
49 | (3) |
|
Valuing Properties like a Professional |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
Approach #1 Comparable sales |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Approach #3 Cost to replace the property |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Understanding What Creates Value |
|
|
55 | (5) |
|
Use: How the property is used gives value |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Leases: As the lease goes, so goes the value |
|
|
56 | (2) |
|
Location: The unchangeable factor |
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
Differentiating a Good Deal from a Bad Deal |
|
|
60 | (3) |
|
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
PART 2 GETTING STARTED MAKING DEALS |
|
|
63 | (78) |
|
Chapter 4 Getting Started by Wholesaling |
|
|
65 | (16) |
|
Navigating Too Many Deals |
|
|
66 | (2) |
|
Wholesaling Apartment Buildings |
|
|
68 | (2) |
|
Getting started without very much money |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
Getting Started: The Five Steps |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Step One Generating leads |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Step two Analyzing properties |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
Step Three Getting it under contract |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
Step Four Finding a buyer |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
Step Five Close and get paid |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Other Tips to Closing a Wholesale Deal |
|
|
75 | (4) |
|
Make sure you help the seller |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Put your reputation ahead of making money |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Identifying what a good deal looks like |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Snagging a Good Deal from Lazy Landlords |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Choosing the right neighborhoods |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Acquiring the Tools of the Trade |
|
|
79 | (2) |
|
Chapter 5 On Your Mark, Get Set, Go Find Deals |
|
|
81 | (16) |
|
Discovering the Secret to Finding Great Deals |
|
|
81 | (3) |
|
Defining your property search |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Getting Leads on Commercial Property Investments |
|
|
84 | (5) |
|
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Fishing for Leads on Branch One Properties |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Finding Branch Two Properties |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Dealing with government agencies |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Negotiating with realtors and brokers |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
Joining property owner associations |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
Networking with real estate investment clubs |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
Looking Locally and Nationwide |
|
|
89 | (4) |
|
Surveying the pros and cons of local investing |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
Investing outside of your community |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
Determining your location with demographics |
|
|
91 | (2) |
|
Locking Down Deals: Don't Leave Home without These Strategies |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
Allowing the Great Deals to Find You |
|
|
94 | (3) |
|
Attracting owners with reports |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
Making unsolicited offers |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Discovering properties that have been relisted |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
Chapter 6 Strategies for Making Offers and Negotiating |
|
|
97 | (22) |
|
Increasing Your Chances of Getting Your Offer Accepted |
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
Starting with the end in mind |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
Sizing up the sellers and what they really want |
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
Sealing Deals: The Instant Offer System |
|
|
100 | (7) |
|
Step 1 Build rapport with the broker or seller |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
Step 2 Establish an up-front agreement |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Step 3 Build the broker's or seller's motivation level for selling |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
Step 4 Determine the financial details of the deal (The Money Step) |
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
Step 5 Find the critical pieces to a winning deal (The What-If Step) |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
Meeting the Seller to Submit Your Offer |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (3) |
|
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
Commercial contract to buy and sell real estate |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
Liquidated damages clause |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Presenting Your Offer in the Best Light |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
112 | (4) |
|
Filter 1 The five-minute test |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Filter 4 The "realists" check |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
Filter 5 End users determine the value |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
Celebrating Accepted Offers and Moving to the Next Stage |
|
|
116 | (3) |
|
Chapter 7 Due Diligence: Doing Your Homework |
|
|
119 | (22) |
|
|
|
120 | (4) |
|
Making due diligence a team effort |
|
|
121 | (2) |
|
Getting to the truth about due diligence |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Putting Property Under Contract |
|
|
124 | (2) |
|
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Look at the property's numbers |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Creating Checklists for Effective Due Diligence |
|
|
126 | (5) |
|
Physical due diligence checklist |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Financial due diligence checklist |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
Legal due diligence checklist |
|
|
129 | (2) |
|
Managing the Whole Process |
|
|
131 | (5) |
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Getting a preliminary title report |
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
Keeping an eye on contingencies |
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
Digging up (and Solving) Problems |
|
|
136 | (5) |
|
Renegotiating with the seller |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
Making the final decision |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
Setting the sails for the closing date |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
PART 3 FUNDING YOUR DEALS: FINANCING AND LENDING |
|
|
141 | (80) |
|
Chapter 8 Conventional Financing Options |
|
|
143 | (26) |
|
Wading through the Commercial Lending Process |
|
|
144 | (3) |
|
Seeing the process through your lender's eyes |
|
|
144 | (2) |
|
Keeping things moving without incident |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
Knowing the Differences between Commercial and Residential Lending |
|
|
147 | (2) |
|
What matters most to commercial lenders |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
The down payment requirement is higher |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
Evaluating Properties Like a Lender |
|
|
149 | (5) |
|
Determining the property's income |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
Revealing the quality of the property and its neighborhood |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
Assessing the strength of the borrower |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
Getting Your Lender to Say, "You're Approved!" |
|
|
154 | (3) |
|
What your lender needs from you |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
What lenders need regarding the property |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
What lenders like in a deal |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
What lenders don't like in a deal |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
Choosing the Best Loan for You |
|
|
157 | (9) |
|
Getting to know conventional lenders |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
Understanding the available conventional loans |
|
|
159 | (2) |
|
Selecting a lender for your deal |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
Deciding what you want out of your property |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
Determining how much the loan will cost you |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
Knowing the costs of getting out of a loan |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
Controlling the interest rate (to some extent) |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
Assuming the Seller's Preexisting Mortgage |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
Chapter 9 Getting Creative with Financing |
|
|
169 | (18) |
|
Creative Financing Techniques |
|
|
170 | (3) |
|
The Master Lease Technique |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Getting Someone to Carry Owner Financing |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
Coming up with the Rest of the Money Using Secondary Financing |
|
|
176 | (7) |
|
Using the Existing Financing |
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
Finding sources of secondary financing |
|
|
178 | (2) |
|
Understanding common pitfalls of secondary financing |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Getting the owner to agree to finance all or part of the purchase |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Dealing with seller objections |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
Operating the Wraparound Mortgage Like a Surgeon |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Leveraging the Equity in Your Portfolio |
|
|
185 | (2) |
|
Employing blanket mortgages |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Drawing on 401 (k)s or IRAs |
|
|
185 | (2) |
|
Chapter 10 Forming Partnerships and Syndicating Deals |
|
|
187 | (14) |
|
Identifying the Keys to Raising Private Funds |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
Building Your Database of Potential Investors |
|
|
189 | (6) |
|
Creating relationships with potential investors |
|
|
189 | (4) |
|
Using executive summaries to nab potential investors |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
Connecting with your investors |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
Deciding Whether to Go It Alone or Use a Partner or Two |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
Creating the Right Teams and Partnerships |
|
|
195 | (6) |
|
Joint Ventures and Syndications |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
Knowing how much to pay your investors |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
Creating a Compelling Investor Presentation |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
Writing up the agreements to use with your investors |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Considering how long you want to partner with someone |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Interviewing a potential partner |
|
|
199 | (2) |
|
Chapter 11 Closing Your Deal |
|
|
201 | (20) |
|
Evaluating the Anatomy of a Close |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
Closing 101: The Basics of Closing a Deal |
|
|
203 | (4) |
|
What is an escrow and who is an escrow officer? |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
Do I need an attorney for my closing? |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
Do closing costs differ in commercial real estate? |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
Is it better to close at the end or beginning of the month? |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
How long does it take to close a commercial deal? |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Asking Yourself Big Picture Questions |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
What are my exit strategies? |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Are my investment goals being met? |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
Sweating the Details before Signing on the Dotted Line |
|
|
208 | (3) |
|
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
The closing instructions and closing statement |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
Closing Day: What to Expect |
|
|
211 | (5) |
|
What's on a closing statement? |
|
|
211 | (2) |
|
What exactly will I be signing? |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
What should I do before signing? |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
When am I officially closed? |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
Acting and Being the Boss |
|
|
217 | (4) |
|
Stage 1 Assess the situation |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Stage 2 Assemble the team |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Stage 4 Use the info that you discovered |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
PART 4 DAY-TO-DAY OWNERSHIP AND OPERATIONS |
|
|
221 | (52) |
|
Chapter 12 Property Management: Who's Minding Your Ship? |
|
|
223 | (22) |
|
Being the Boss: Manage Your Commercial Property Yourself |
|
|
224 | (8) |
|
Improving your management skills with a few basic tips |
|
|
224 | (2) |
|
Developing basic business systems |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Doing it Yourself: A checklist |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
Training your tenants to respect you and the property |
|
|
228 | (2) |
|
Operating successfully day-to-day with the proper people and tools |
|
|
230 | (2) |
|
Letting Go: Using Professional Property Management Companies |
|
|
232 | (11) |
|
Understanding the ins and outs of professional property management |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
Deciding to hire a professional property management company |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Searching for property management candidates |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Interviewing your prospective managers |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
Checking credibility and capability |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Drafting the property management agreement |
|
|
237 | (3) |
|
Getting your reports: Monthly and weekly accountability |
|
|
240 | (3) |
|
Knowing How to Be an Effective Absentee Owner |
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
Chapter 13 Protecting Your Assets |
|
|
245 | (10) |
|
Taking Asset Protection Seriously |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
Create a plan to avoid lawsuits |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
Plan for the worst and be happy if it doesn't happen |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Building a Legal Fortress for Personal Assets |
|
|
247 | (5) |
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Using your entities to your advantage |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
Gathering essential fail-safe documentation |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
Protecting Yourself with Common Sense |
|
|
252 | (3) |
|
Treat others as you would like to be treated |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Meet any potential problems head-on |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Always have proper insurance coverage |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
Chapter 14 Why Properties Fail |
|
|
255 | (18) |
|
What Is a Property Failure? |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
How You, the Investor, Can Cause Failure |
|
|
256 | (5) |
|
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
You're in denial regarding problems |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
How Management Can Cause a Property to Fail |
|
|
261 | (2) |
|
How the Market Can Cause Failure |
|
|
263 | (5) |
|
The ups and downs of real estate cycles |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Buy right and avoid overleveraging |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
The influence of demographics |
|
|
266 | (2) |
|
When to Fold Up and Walk Away |
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Choosing to walk away honorably |
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
Tried and True Tips on Surviving and Thriving |
|
|
270 | (3) |
|
PART 5 KICKING YOUR INVESTING INTO HIGH GEAR |
|
|
273 | (80) |
|
Chapter 15 Making a Success Out of Commercial Fixer-Uppers |
|
|
275 | (24) |
|
Identifying Commercial Fixer-Uppers |
|
|
276 | (6) |
|
Distressed and poorly performing property |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
Distressed and poorly performing owner |
|
|
277 | (2) |
|
|
|
279 | (2) |
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Figuring Out What a Fixer-Upper Is Worth |
|
|
282 | (4) |
|
Determining your cash flow |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Figuring your NOI, cap rate, and sales price |
|
|
283 | (2) |
|
Running the numbers on an example property |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
Mapping Out a Fixer-Upper Game Plan |
|
|
286 | (9) |
|
|
|
287 | (3) |
|
Before fix-up and after: Bridging the gap to payday |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Determining your break-even point |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Creating checkpoints for the renovation process |
|
|
292 | (3) |
|
Avoiding Headaches and Pitfalls (Or at Least Minimizing the Pain) |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
Recognize hopeless situations |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Hire good contractors (and think like one when you do projects yourself) |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Timing Your Fixer-Upper for a Quick Sale |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
Chapter 16 Land Development: The Heart of Commercial Real Estate |
|
|
299 | (20) |
|
Weighing the Pros and Cons of Investing in Land |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Understanding What Makes Land Worth More |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Knowing Whether You're in the Right Market |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
Identifying the Three Ps for Successful Projects |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
Investing in Land with a Team |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
Finding the Best Places to Invest in Land |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
With Land, Time Really Does Equal Money |
|
|
307 | (3) |
|
Using contracts to get more time |
|
|
307 | (2) |
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Changing the Property's Zoning and Getting Approved to Develop |
|
|
310 | (5) |
|
Determining what to build on your land |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Taking master plans into consideration |
|
|
311 | (2) |
|
Keeping a level-head during the approval process |
|
|
313 | (2) |
|
Getting the Green Light on Your Deal |
|
|
315 | (4) |
|
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Avoiding neighborhood opposition |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Chapter 17 Self-Storage: A Favored Asset |
|
|
319 | (14) |
|
Investing in self-storage facilities |
|
|
320 | (4) |
|
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
Profiting during good times and bad |
|
|
322 | (2) |
|
Choosing the Best Locations |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
A simple way to evaluate a facility |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
Finding and hiring the right self-storage facility manager |
|
|
325 | (2) |
|
Keeping an eye out for your next manager |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Tips to choosing a good manager |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
Getting funding from investors |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
Marketing Self-Storage Facilities |
|
|
328 | (5) |
|
Building a self-storage website |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Keeping it traditional: flyers & billboards |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
Chapter 18 Expert Tax Advantages and Strategies |
|
|
333 | (20) |
|
An Overview of Money-Making Tax Strategies |
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Being an Investor or a Dealer: The Difference Is Huge |
|
|
336 | (2) |
|
Holding real estate long term as an investor |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
Comparing wholesalers and dealers |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
Naming Yourself a Real Estate Professional: It Pays |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Choosing Your Entity: An Important Tax Preparation Before You Buy |
|
|
339 | (3) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Limited liability companies |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Digging into Depreciation |
|
|
342 | (5) |
|
The magic of depreciation |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Don't "recapture" your depreciation |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Cost segregation: Saving thousands more by separating your property parts |
|
|
345 | (2) |
|
Avoiding Taxes by Trading in for Another Property: The 1031 Exchange |
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
Before anything else, get expert help |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Surveying the exchange rules |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
Taking Advantage of Some Commonly Overlooked Deductions |
|
|
350 | (3) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
All property-related expenses |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Transportation to and from your properties |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Expenses for your technology gizmos |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (18) |
|
Chapter 19 Ten Ways to Increase Your Property Value |
|
|
355 | (8) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Budgeting Your Way to Wealth |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Giving the Property a Makeover |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Changing the Property's Use |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
Adding Goodies to the Property |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
Standing Up to the Tax Man |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Passing Utility Expenses to Tenants |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Bringing in a New Management Team |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
Chapter 20 Ten Easy Ways to Network |
|
|
363 | (8) |
|
Finding Easy Places to Network |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Getting Your CCIM Designation |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Putting Power in Your Search Engines |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Going Directly to the Investment Firms |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Joining a National Association |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Getting Involved with BOMA |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Becoming Affiliated with the IREM |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Staying Current and Connected |
|
|
369 | (2) |
| Index |
|
371 | |
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām