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Common Law in an Uncommon Courtroom: Judicial interpreting in Hong Kong [Hardback]

(The University of Hong Kong)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 226 pages, weight: 590 g
  • Sērija : Benjamins Translation Library 144
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Nov-2018
  • Izdevniecība: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • ISBN-10: 9027201919
  • ISBN-13: 9789027201911
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Common Law in an Uncommon Courtroom: Judicial interpreting in Hong KongPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 226 pages, weight: 590 g
  • Sērija : Benjamins Translation Library 144
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Nov-2018
  • Izdevniecība: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • ISBN-10: 9027201919
  • ISBN-13: 9789027201911
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9789027201911.html
Keywords:
This book takes you into a common-law courtroom which is in no way similar to any other courtroom where common law is practised. This uniqueness is characterised, in particular, by the use of English as the trial language in a predominantly Cantonese-speaking society and by the presence of other bilinguals in court, thus presenting specific challenges for the interpreters who work in it, and at times rendering the interpretation service superfluous. This study, inter alia, problematises judges’ intervention in the court proceedings, Chinese witnesses testifying in English, as well as English-language trials heard by Chinese jurors. It demonstrates how the use of chuchotage proves to be inadequate and inappropriate in the Hong Kong courtroom, where interpreting in an English-language trial is arguably provided to cater for the need of the linguistic majority. This book is useful to interpreters, language educators, legal professionals, forensic linguists and policy makers alike.

Recenzijas

This informative book on an important subject will contribute to the body of court interpreting literature and will benefit researchers, students of interpreting and forensic linguistics, and legal and interpreting professionals. -- Ludmila Stern, University of New South Wales, in Interpreting 22:1 (2020)

List of tables xiii
List of figures xv
Transcription symbols and abbreviations used in this book xvii
Abbreviations used in the transcripts and in this book xix
Acknowledgements xxi
Foreword xxiii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1(10)
1 Research in court interpreting
1(2)
2 The Hong Kong courtroom
3(1)
3 Motivation of the study
4(1)
4 Scope and aims of the study
5(1)
5 The data
6(1)
6 Summary of chapter contents
7(4)
Chapter 2 The practice of court interpreting in Hong Kong 11(28)
1 Introduction
11(1)
2 Court interpreting in the early British colonial years
12(1)
3 The birth of court interpreting and the first court interpreter in Hong Kong
12(1)
4 The lack of competent interpreters and the quality of interpretation
13(2)
5 The Student Interpreter Scheme
15(3)
6 Court interpreting from the 1970's to 1997
18(2)
6.1 The enactment of the Official Languages Ordinance in 1974
18(1)
6.2 The resistance to the use of Chinese in court by the legal arena
18(2)
6.3 The use of Chinese in the Magistrates' Courts and the role of the interpreter
20(1)
7 Post-colonial court interpretation in Hong Kong
20(4)
7.1 Increasing use of Chinese in the courts
20(1)
7.2 The need to work with bilingual court personnel
21(1)
7.3 Implementation of the bilingual court reporting system
22(2)
8 The Court Interpreter grade
24(14)
8.1 The creation of the Court Interpreter grade
24(1)
8.2 Strength of the Court Interpreter grade
24(2)
8.3 Entry requirements for court interpreters
26(1)
8.4 Training for court interpreters
27(3)
8.5 The deployment of court interpreters
30(3)
8.6 The need for relay interpreting when a third language is involved
33(4)
8.7 Remuneration and career prospects of court interpreters
37(1)
9 Conclusion
38(1)
Chapter 3 Modes of interpretation and audience roles in interpreted trial discourse 39(10)
1 Language of the court and of court actors in a common bilingual setting
39(1)
2 Language of the court and of court actors in the uncommon bilingual Hong Kong courtroom
40(1)
3 Trial procedure in the adversarial common-law courtroom
41(1)
4 Modes of interpretation used in the courtroom
42(1)
5 Audience roles in monolingual court proceedings
43(1)
6 Audience roles in interpreter-mediated trial discourse in a bilingual courtroom
44(4)
6.1 The interpreter's audience and the audience roles in court where the interpreter is the only bilingual
45(1)
6.2 The interpreter's audience and the audience roles in the bilingual Hong Kong courtroom
46(2)
7 Conclusion
48(1)
Chapter 4 The interpreter as one of the bilinguals in court 49(24)
1 Power and control in monolingual and in interpreted court proceedings
49(1)
2 Bilingualism, participant roles and power of the interpreter and of other court actors
50(6)
2.1 Power and participant roles of court actors with the interpreter as one of the bilinguals
51(5)
3 Strategic use of language in the adversarial courtroom
56(1)
4 Polysemy, ambiguity and context in court interpreting
57(10)
4.1 The issue: Meanings of saam1
60(1)
4.2 Prosecution case
60(1)
4.3 Defence case
61(1)
4.4 The interpreter's strategy
61(1)
4.5 The cross-examiner's strategy
62(5)
5 The interpreter's dilemma
67(3)
6 Conclusion
70(3)
Chapter 5 Interpreter intervention in witness examination 73(18)
1 The power of the interpreter as the only bilingual in the triadic communication
73(1)
2 Interpreter-initiated turns - the norm
74(1)
3 Interpreter-initiated turns - quantitative results
75(2)
4 Typology of interpreter-initiated turns
77(9)
4.1 To seek confirmation
79(1)
4.2 To seek clarification
80(1)
4.3 To seek further information
81(1)
4.4 To coach the witness
81(1)
4.5 To respond to the witness
82(2)
4.6 To prompt the witness
84(1)
4.7 To inform the court of the need to finish an interrupted interpretation
84(1)
4.8 To acknowledge the understanding of the witness's utterance
85(1)
4.9 To point out a speaker mistake
85(1)
5 Impact of interpreter-initiated turns
86(4)
5.1 The impact on participant roles of court actors
86(1)
5.2 The impact on the power of the monolingual counsel/judge
87(2)
5.3 The impact on the evaluation of counsel, the witness and the interpreter
89(1)
6 Conclusion
90(1)
Chapter 6 Judges' intervention in witness examination 91(20)
1 Accuracy in court interpreting
91(1)
2 A judge's role in witness examination in a common-law courtroom
92(1)
3 Judges' intervention in witness examination
93(1)
4 Data and methodology
94(1)
5 Findings and analysis
95(13)
5.1 Judges' intervention to clarify with witnesses
96(1)
5.2 Judges' intervention to clarify with counsel or to inject a comment
97(11)
6 Impact on quality of interpreting and implications for NES participants' access to the trial
108(1)
7 Conclusion
109(2)
Chapter 7 Chinese witnesses testifying in English 111(18)
1 Mind the gap: Inequality before the law
111(2)
2 Second language or dialect speakers in court
113(1)
3 Witnesses and interpretation in Hong Kong courts
114(1)
4 The court case
115(1)
5 Analytical tools and signals of communication problems
116(1)
6 Data analysis
117(8)
6.1 Decoding problems
117(6)
6.2 Encoding problems
123(2)
7 Summary and conclusion
125(4)
Chapter 8 English trials heard by Chinese jurors 129(18)
1 Introduction
129(3)
1.1 Concern about jury comprehension
129(1)
1.2 Studies of jury comprehension in common-law legal systems
130(2)
2 The issue of jury comprehension in Hong Kong
132(1)
3 The jury system in Hong Kong
133(1)
4 The bilingual Hong Kong courtroom and jury's access to the interpreted trial discourse
134(1)
5 The survey study by Duff et al. (1992)
135(2)
5.1 Background information about the respondents
135(1)
5.2 Findings about their comprehension of the court proceedings
135(1)
5.3 Comprehension and verdicts
136(1)
5.4 Suggestions from respondents
137(1)
6 Observations from the authentic court proceedings
137(5)
6.1 Request for exemption from jury service for reason of poor English
137(1)
6.2 Witnesses testifying in English and jury's access to the evidence
138(1)
6.3 Legalistic features of jury instructions identified - implications for Chinese jurors
138(2)
6.4 Mumbling and fast speech as aggravating factors
140(1)
6.5 Reading of the jury oath/affirmation
141(1)
6.6 Jury's comprehension problem of legal terminology
141(1)
7 Appeal against a jury verdict
142(3)
7.1 Inconsistency of verdicts and Court of Appeal's response
142(1)
7.2 The jury's confusion over the verdicts
143(2)
7.3 Conviction quashed
145(1)
8 Conclusion and further research
145(2)
Chapter 9 Who is speaking? 147(24)
Court interpreters' use of first-person versus third-person interpreting
147(1)
1 First-person interpreting as the norm
147(2)
2 Third-person interpreting as a deviation from the norm
149(3)
3 Data, methodology and quantitative results
152(2)
4 Findings and analysis
154(7)
4.1 Substitution of judges' and counsel's first-person reference with third-person reference in Chinese interpretation
154(4)
4.2 Ellipsis/omission of judges'/counsel's first-person reference in Chinese interpretation
158(1)
4.3 A shift from first-person to third-person interpreting
159(2)
5 Findings and disassociation theory
161(1)
6 Power asymmetry in the adversarial courtroom and hypotheses
162(1)
7 Questionnaire results and analysis
162(4)
7.1 Different interpreting styles for different speakers
162(1)
7.2 Content of utterances and interpreting styles
163(1)
7.3 Rationale behind the styles of interpreting
163(3)
8 Impact of third-person interpreting
166(2)
8.1 Impact on the participant role, invisibility and neutrality of the interpreter
166(1)
8.2 Impact on illocutionary force of the speech act
167(1)
8.3 Ambiguity associated with the omission of first-person reference in Chinese interpretation
167(1)
9 Conclusion
168(3)
Chapter 10 Conclusions 171(20)
1 Summary of findings
171(4)
1.1 English trials in a Chinese dominant society and modes of interpreting in court
171(1)
1.2 Limitations of chuchotage in the Hong Kong courtroom
171(1)
1.3 Complexity of audienceship
172(1)
1.4 Power of bilingual participants and of the court interpreter
172(1)
1.5 Impact of interpreter intervention on monolingual court actors
173(1)
1.6 Judges' intervention in witness examination and its impact on accuracy of court interpreting
173(1)
1.7 Disadvantage of non-native English-speaking witnesses testifying in English and the impact on other participants in court
174(1)
1.8 The issue of jury comprehension in the Hong Kong courts
174(1)
1.9 Different interpreting styles for different speakers
174(1)
2 Contributions of the present study
175(2)
2.1 Contribution to existing literature on court interpreting
175(1)
2.2 Contribution to translation and interpreting and sociolinguistic studies
176(1)
2.3 Contributions to forensic linguistics and social benefits of the study
176(1)
3 Pedagogical implications
177(2)
3.1 Coping with legal language and strategic use of language in court
177(1)
3.2 Coping with challenges
177(1)
3.3 Interpreting for the record
178(1)
3.4 Dealing with lexico-grammatical differences
178(1)
3.5 Consistency in interpreting styles
179(1)
4 Recommendations for best practice in the courtroom
179(5)
4.1 Team interpreting and the use of simultaneous interpreting equipment
179(2)
4.2 Training for court personnel
181(3)
5 Institutional and administrative recommendations
184(4)
5.1 The need to raise the entry requirements
184(1)
5.2 The need to improve remuneration and career prospects
185(1)
5.3 The need to make pre-service training mandatory
185(1)
5.4 The need to restructure the Court Interpreter grade in Hong Kong
186(1)
5.5 The need to review the deployment mechanism
187(1)
6 Recommendations for further research
188(1)
6.1 Participation status of jurors in an interpreter-mediated trial in the Hong Kong courtroom
188(1)
6.2 Contrastive study of the discourse of the witnesses' testimony in a monolingual Cantonese trial with that in a bilingual English trial
188(1)
7 Concluding remarks
189(2)
References 191(14)
Appendix 1 Timeline of the use of Chinese in courts 205(2)
Appendix 2 Percentage of criminal cases conducted in Chinese in various courts 207(2)
Appendix 3 Scale points for Court Interpreter and Simultaneous Interpreter under the Master Pay Scale for Civil Servants 209(2)
Appendix 4 Transcript of the exchanges between the judge, the court clerk and the foreman of the jury, interspersed with remarks of the defence counsel 211(6)
Appendix 5 Questionnaire on The use of direct or reported speech in court interpreting 217(4)
Subject index 221