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Communication in Global Jihad [Hardback]

(University of Central Florida, USA)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 242 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 453 g
  • Sērija : Politics, Media and Political Communication
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Nov-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367617072
  • ISBN-13: 9780367617073
  • Hardback
  • Cena: 158,75 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 242 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 453 g
  • Sērija : Politics, Media and Political Communication
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Nov-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367617072
  • ISBN-13: 9780367617073
"This book conceptually examines the role of communication in global jihad from multiple perspectives. The main premise is that communication is so vital to the Global Jihadist Movement (GJM) today that jihadists will use any communicative tool, tactic, or approach to impact or transform people and the public at large. The author explores how and why the benefits of communication are a huge boon to jihadist operations, with jihadists communicating their ideological programs to develop a strong base for undertaking terrorist violence. The use of various information and communication systems and platforms by jihadists exemplifies the most recent progress in the relationship between terrorism, media, and the new information environment. For jihadist organizations like ISIS and Al-Qaeda, recruiting new volunteers for the Caliphate who are willing to sacrifice their lives for the cause is a top priority. Based on various conceptual analyses, case studies, and theoretical applications, this book explores the communicative tools, tactics and approaches used for this recruitment, including narratives, propaganda, mainstream media, social media, new information and communication technologies, the jihadisphere, visual imagery, media framing, globalization, financing networks, crime-jihad nexuses, group communication, radicalization, social movements, fatwas, martyrdom videos, pop-jihad, and jihadist nasheeds. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of communication studies, political science, terrorism and international security, Islamic studies, and cultural studies"--

This book conceptually examines the role of communication in global jihad from multiple perspectives. The main premise is that communication is so vital to the global jihadist movement today that jihadists will use any communicative tool, tactic, or approach to impact or transform people and the public at large. The author explores how and why the benefits of communication are a huge boon to jihadist operations, with jihadists communicating their ideological programs to develop a strong base for undertaking terrorist violence. The use of various information and communication systems and platforms by jihadists exemplifies the most recent progress in the relationship between terrorism, media, and the new information environment.

For jihadist organizations like ISIS and Al-Qaeda, recruiting new volunteers for the Caliphate who are willing to sacrifice their lives for the cause is a top priority. Based on various conceptual analyses, case studies, and theoretical applications, this book explores the communicative tools, tactics, and approaches used for this recruitment, including narratives, propaganda, mainstream media, social media, new information and communication technologies, the jihadisphere, visual imagery, media framing, globalization, financing networks, crime–jihad nexuses, group communication, radicalization, social movements, fatwas, martyrdom videos, pop-jihad, and jihadist nasheeds.

This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of communication studies, political science, terrorism and international security, Islamic studies, and cultural studies.

1 Introduction
1(18)
Fighting for the caliphate
2(1)
Objectives of this book
3(2)
Global communication defined
5(3)
Communication
6(1)
Media and technology
6(1)
Imagined and indirect relationships
7(1)
The network effect
7(1)
Soft power
8(1)
Propaganda
8(1)
Competition with other books
9(1)
Summary of all chapters
10(9)
2 Defining terrorism
19(14)
Difficulty to define terrorism
19(1)
Terrorism as a political act
20(1)
Terrorism as a threatening act
21(1)
Terrorism as a communicative act
22(1)
Who are the terrorists?
23(1)
Nonstate actors
23(1)
Insurgent groups
23(1)
The targets of terrorism
24(1)
Direct vs. indirect victims
24(1)
Symbolic targets
25(1)
Lone-wolf terrorism
25(8)
General description
26(1)
Violent true believer (VTB)
27(6)
3 Defining jihad
33(31)
Differences within Islam
34(1)
Radical Islam or reactionary Islam?
34(1)
Islam vs. Islamism?
34(1)
Sunni--Shia relations
35(1)
In-group identity for political reasons
35(1)
Honor cultures
36(1)
Superiority of the ummah
37(1)
Islamic radicalization
37(1)
What is jihad?
38(2)
Greater jihad vs. lesser jihad
39(1)
The sixth pillar of Islam
39(1)
Brief note on the Crusades
40(1)
Defensive jihad vs. offensive jihad
40(1)
Abdullah Azzam
41(1)
Vertical jihad vs. horizontal jihad
41(2)
Vertical jihad
41(1)
Horizontal jihad
42(1)
Salafism
43(2)
Complexities of definitions
43(1)
Radical Salafist influences
44(1)
Religious jihad vs. secular ideologies
45(2)
Religious identity and dignity
46(1)
Moral disengagement and neutralization
46(1)
Neojihadism
47(1)
Lone-wolf jihad
47(3)
Characteristics of lone-wolf jihadists
48(1)
A few statistics
48(1)
The lone-wolf suicide bomber
49(1)
Jihobbyists
49(1)
Ontological insecurity
50(14)
Late modernity as a cause of jihadism
50(1)
Ontological insecurity, modernity, 7/7 jihadist bombers
50(1)
Jihad as the answer
51(13)
4 The globalization of jihad
64(17)
Definitions
64(1)
Critics of globalization
65(1)
Global divergence
66(1)
Globalization and jihadism
66(3)
Removal of borders
67(1)
A facilitator of jihadist identity politics
67(1)
Glocalized jihad: think globally, act locally
68(1)
The deterritorialization of jihad
69(2)
Deterritorialization: definition
69(1)
Deterritorialization of ISIS
69(1)
Losing territory, not losing combat
70(1)
Social media effects
71(2)
YouTube effect
72(1)
Global networked affect
72(1)
Online jihadist magazines
73(8)
5 Global jihadist networks
81(18)
Social network analysis
82(3)
A description
82(1)
The centralized network
83(1)
The decentralized network
83(1)
The "all-channel" network
84(1)
The crime--jihad network
85(1)
Jihadist networks of foreign fighters
86(1)
Western foreign fighters in global jihad
86(1)
Making the jihadist foreign fighter
87(1)
Jihadist financing networks
87(3)
Financial support of global jihad
87(1)
Case study: Bangladesh
88(1)
Case study: Bitcoins
89(1)
Mutual aid
89(1)
Resource mobilization theory
90(1)
Inside Western lands
90(1)
Other group kinships in jihad
91(8)
6 The mass media
99(14)
Surprisingly dangerous outreach
100(1)
Propaganda of the deed
100(1)
Functions of jihadist mass media
101(1)
Osama bin Laden's take on the media
102(1)
Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi's take on the media
102(1)
Jihadists' manipulation of the mass media
103(3)
Symbiotic relationship
103(1)
Power of the image
104(1)
Media framing
105(1)
Distrust of Western news
106(7)
"Collusion" between mainstream media and coalition
106(1)
Case study: Al-Shabaab and alternative news media
107(6)
7 The narrative
113(20)
The master jihadist narrative
114(2)
Exploiting the Muslim religion as a rallying cry
115(1)
Kitab al-Jihad
115(1)
Narratives of Islamic radicalization
116(3)
Four narratives of global jihad
117(1)
Eschatological narratives
117(1)
ISIS and the Apocalypse
118(1)
Differences between ISIS and Al-Qaeda
119(1)
Teaching of hatred
119(2)
Jihadist language to avenge the ummah
121(1)
The neglected duty: Muslim neglect in the past
122(1)
The neglected duty: Muslim neglect in the age of the coronavirus
122(1)
Destroying America (and the West)
123(2)
Territorial invasions
125(8)
8 The fatwa
133(15)
Fatwa shopping
134(1)
Jihadist fatwas
134(2)
Fatwa as violence against free speech
136(1)
Case study I: fatwa against Salman Rushdie
136(2)
Article 57 and Ayatollah Khomeini
137(1)
Global reverberations
138(1)
Case study II Osama bin Laden's fatwas
138(3)
Glorifying attacks against U.S. forces
138(1)
The "Zionist-Crusader alliance"
139(1)
Textual manipulation
140(1)
Case study III Fatwa Against the Danish cartoonists
141(7)
9 Islamic revival
148(19)
Two opposite directions
148(1)
The concept of tajdid
149(1)
Salafist/Wahhabi influences
150(3)
Salafist jihadism
150(1)
Wahhabism
151(1)
Moderate reformers threatened by Salafists
152(1)
Abu Bakr Naji
152(1)
Social movement theory
153(2)
Jihadist recruitment
153(1)
The Arab Spring
154(1)
The "jihad cool" phenomenon
155(2)
Hippest and sexiest jihad
156(1)
Jihad seine
156(1)
A new direction in life
157(10)
Phenomenological perspectives
158(1)
Jihadist suicide terrorism
158(9)
10 The jihadisphere
167(24)
The internet
167(2)
Social media sites
167(1)
Case study: ISIS and Twitter
168(1)
Habermas's public sphere
169(2)
Jihadists' freedom in the public sphere
170(1)
The jihadisphere of fatwas
171(1)
Postmodern perspectives
171(3)
Online jihadist users as postmodern terrorists
171(1)
The postmodern lone-wolf jihadist
172(1)
Case study I Anwar al-Awlaki
173(1)
Case study II Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
173(1)
The ISIS online communication strategy
174(2)
Jihad 3.0
175(1)
ISIS's mix of visual propaganda
175(1)
The virtual ummah
176(15)
Normalization theory
177(1)
Online Islamic forums: a double-edged sword
177(1)
The open university of global jihad
178(1)
Salafist influences
179(12)
11 Jihad through popular culture
191(18)
Culture: definition
191(3)
Subcultures of angry people
192(1)
Martyrdom culture
193(1)
Jihadist videos
194(3)
Case study I Jihadist videos by al-Hayat
195(1)
Case study II Martyrdom videos by Hezbollah
196(1)
Pop Jihad
197(2)
Deso Dogg
198(1)
"Dirty Kuffar"
199(1)
Jihadist nasheeds
199(10)
A conduit of jihadism
200(1)
A bricolage
200(9)
12 Conclusions and solutions
209(30)
The more global communication, the more jihadism
209(1)
A dangerous shrinking world
210(1)
An emancipating communication environment
211(1)
Parallel globalization of terror
212(1)
To begin as a solution: know thy enemy
213(3)
Case study: the mistake of the Sri Lankan authorities
214(1)
Euphemisms for "Islamic terrorism" are dangerous
215(1)
What ordinary citizens can do
216(3)
Western-style multiculturalism?
216(1)
Western-style human rights policies?
217(1)
Spreading democracy to the Muslim world?
218(1)
Reintegrating those negatively influenced by global jihad
218(1)
What moderate Muslims can do
219(3)
Supporting pro-democracy politicians in the Muslim world
219(1)
Supporting citizenship education
220(1)
Supporting religious education
220(1)
Supporting counter-fatwas
221(1)
Hermeneutics: general perspectives
222(2)
Exegesis
222(1)
Hermeneutic circle
223(1)
Hermeneutics as applied to Quranic interpretation
224(1)
Tafsir
224(1)
Historical and socio-cultural contexts
225(1)
Ijtihad
225(14)
Definitions
226(1)
Context-based ijtihad
227(1)
Collective ijtihad
227(12)
Index 239
Jonathan Matusitz is Associate Professor in the Nicholson School of Communication and Media at the University of Central Florida, USA. His research focuses on the role of communication in terrorism, symbolism in terrorism, and the globalization of culture and new media. Previous titles include Global Jihad in Muslim and Non-Muslim Contexts (2020), Online Jihadist Magazines to Promote the Caliphate: Communicative Perspectives (2019), Symbolism in Terrorism: Motivation, Communication, and Behavior (2015), and Terrorism & Communication: A Critical Introduction (2013).