Introduction |
|
xi | |
|
Chapter 1 General Information About Printed Antennas |
|
|
1 | (14) |
|
|
1.1 Physical characteristics |
|
|
1 | (3) |
|
1.2 Properties, limitations, and applications |
|
|
4 | (3) |
|
1.3 Printed rectangular antenna viewed as a wide microstrip line |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
1.4 Manufacturing processes |
|
|
8 | (3) |
|
|
11 | (4) |
|
Chapter 2 Transmission Line Model |
|
|
15 | (10) |
|
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
16 | (4) |
|
2.2.1 Effective permittivity |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
2.2.2 Equivalent line extension |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
2.2.3 End of line equivalent circuit |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
2.2.4 Process for design of a rectangular antenna |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (5) |
|
|
25 | (14) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
3.2 Formulation of the electromagnetic problem |
|
|
25 | (4) |
|
3.3 Calculation of expressions for fields and currents of a rectangular patch |
|
|
29 | (2) |
|
3.4 Expressions for principal modes |
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
3.5 Cartography of modal currents and associated radiation patterns |
|
|
33 | (6) |
|
Chapter 4 Radiation of a Printed Antenna |
|
|
39 | (16) |
|
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
4.2 Modelization using two equivalent radiating slots |
|
|
40 | (3) |
|
4.3 Calculation of the field radiated by a horizontal radiating slot |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
4.4 Calculation of the field radiated by the rectangular patch |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
4.5 Determination of the radiation pattern in the principal planes |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
4.7 Influence of the ground plane |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
4.10 Influence of the substrate on resonant frequency: parametric study based on antenna RCS |
|
|
51 | (4) |
|
Chapter 5 Electrical Equivalent Circuit of a Printed Antenna |
|
|
55 | (14) |
|
|
5.1 Energy considerations |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
5.3 Determination of WE, WM, and B for a rectangular patch |
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
5.4 Modeling using a tank circuit |
|
|
60 | (2) |
|
5.5 Quality factor of an antenna |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
5.6 Calculation of radiation quality factor |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
5.7 Calculation of efficiency |
|
|
64 | (3) |
|
5.7.1 Losses in conductive walls |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
5.7.2 Losses in the dielectric |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
5.8 Influence of surface waves on bandwidth and efficiency |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
Chapter 6 Feeding Circuits for Microstrip Antennas |
|
|
69 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
69 | (2) |
|
6.2 Direct coupling by coaxial probe |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
6.3 Excitation by proximity coupling |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
6.4 Excitation by slot coupling |
|
|
74 | (15) |
|
Chapter 7 Circularly Polarized Antennas |
|
|
89 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
7.1 Principles of circular polarization |
|
|
90 | (4) |
|
7.1.1 Elliptical and circular linear polarization |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
7.1.2 Right- or left-hand circular polarization |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
7.1.3 Axial and cross-polarization ratios |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
7.1.4 Measurement of circular polarization |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
7.2 Parasitic radiation -- degradation of circular polarization |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
7.3 Patch fed by single or dual excitation |
|
|
96 | (3) |
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
99 | (9) |
|
7.4.1 Principle of sequential rotation: initial analysis |
|
|
99 | (7) |
|
7.4.2 Sequential rotation applied to a radiating element fed by multiple feeds |
|
|
106 | (2) |
|
7.5 Spiral and quadrifilar helix antennas |
|
|
108 | (11) |
|
|
108 | (5) |
|
7.5.2 Quadrifilar helix antennas |
|
|
113 | (6) |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
Chapter 8 Wideband Antennas |
|
|
121 | (22) |
|
|
8.1 Multiresonant antennas |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
8.1.2 Widening bandwidth through resonance coupling |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
8.2 Traveling wave antennas |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
8.2.1 Tapered slot antennas |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
8.3 Frequency independent antennas |
|
|
126 | (6) |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
8.3.2 Equiangular antennas |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
8.3.3 Log-periodic antennas |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
129 | (3) |
|
8.4 Ultra-wideband antennas |
|
|
132 | (8) |
|
8.4.1 Biconical and Bow-Tie antennas |
|
|
134 | (3) |
|
|
137 | (3) |
|
|
140 | (3) |
|
Chapter 9 Miniature Antennas |
|
|
143 | (26) |
|
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
9.2 Which types of antennas should be used for integration? |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
9.2.1 Non-resonant antennas |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
9.3 Integration limits in a finite volume |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
9.4 Resonant antennas in fundamental mode |
|
|
146 | (6) |
|
9.4.1 General considerations |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
|
148 | (2) |
|
|
150 | (2) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
9.5 Bulk reduction techniques |
|
|
152 | (12) |
|
9.5.1 Use of dielectrics with strong permittivity |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
9.5.2 Modification of wave path |
|
|
153 | (3) |
|
9.5.3 Utilization of inductive, capacitive, and short-circuit effects |
|
|
156 | (4) |
|
9.5.4 Control over radiation |
|
|
160 | (4) |
|
9.6 Multiresonant antennas |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
9.7 Synthesis and discussion |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
Chapter 10 Reconfigurable Antennas |
|
|
169 | (36) |
|
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
10.2 Basic topologies and constraints |
|
|
170 | (4) |
|
10.3 Switched components: available technologies |
|
|
174 | (6) |
|
10.4 Frequency reconfigurable antennas (FRAs) |
|
|
180 | (5) |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
10.4.2 Examples of radiating slot-based FRA |
|
|
181 | (3) |
|
10.4.3 Examples of patch- or PIFA-based FRA integrating switchable slots |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
10.4.4 Examples of FRA using switched short circuits |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
10.4.5 FRA utilizing a loaded stub |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
10.5 Introduction to RAs in terms of polarization and radiation pattern |
|
|
185 | (2) |
|
10.6 Polarized reconfigurable antennas (PRAs) |
|
|
187 | (3) |
|
10.7 Radiation pattern reconfigurable antennas (RPRAs) |
|
|
190 | (15) |
|
10.7.1 RPRA with rotational symmetry and switched parasitics |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
10.7.2 RPRA with parasitic elements loaded using switched reactance |
|
|
193 | (9) |
|
10.7.3 Unit cell of reflective array based on a patch of slots [ CAD 05] |
|
|
202 | (3) |
|
Chapter 11 Introduction to Antenna Diversity |
|
|
205 | (28) |
|
|
11.1 Benefits of antenna diversity |
|
|
205 | (9) |
|
11.1.1 Effects of multipath propagation |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
11.1.2 Principles of antenna diversity |
|
|
207 | (4) |
|
11.1.3 Non-ideal antenna diversity |
|
|
211 | (3) |
|
11.2 Performance of multiantenna systems |
|
|
214 | (8) |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
11.2.2 Antenna independence |
|
|
216 | (6) |
|
11.3 Multiantenna systems |
|
|
222 | (6) |
|
|
222 | (2) |
|
11.3.2 Compact multiantenna system |
|
|
224 | (4) |
|
11.4 Conclusion and looking toward MIMO |
|
|
228 | (5) |
Bibliography |
|
233 | (8) |
List of Authors |
|
241 | (2) |
Index |
|
243 | |