Atjaunināt sīkdatņu piekrišanu

Complete Equity and Trusts: Text, Cases, and Materials 5th Revised edition [Mīkstie vāki]

2.00/5 (2 ratings by Goodreads)
(Head of the African Centre for Peace and Security Training, Institute for Security Studies, Addis Ababa), (Leader in International Partnerships for Law, University of the West of England, Bristol)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 592 pages, height x width x depth: 245x191x24 mm, weight: 1126 g
  • Sērija : Complete
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Apr-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198787545
  • ISBN-13: 9780198787549
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Mīkstie vāki
  • Cena: 71,61 €
  • Grāmatu piegādes laiks ir 3-4 nedēļas, ja grāmata ir uz vietas izdevniecības noliktavā. Ja izdevējam nepieciešams publicēt jaunu tirāžu, grāmatas piegāde var aizkavēties.
  • Daudzums:
  • Ielikt grozā
  • Piegādes laiks - 4-6 nedēļas
  • Pievienot vēlmju sarakstam
Complete Equity and Trusts: Text, Cases, and Materials 5th Revised editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 592 pages, height x width x depth: 245x191x24 mm, weight: 1126 g
  • Sērija : Complete
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Apr-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198787545
  • ISBN-13: 9780198787549
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780198787549.html
Keywords:
Complete Equity & Trusts is supported by clear author commentary, choice extracts, and useful learning features. The explanations and examples in this textbook have been crafted to help students hone their understanding of trusts law.

The Complete titles are ambitious in their scope; they've been carefully developed with teachers to offer law students more than just a presentation of the key concepts. Instead they offer a complete package. Only by building on the foundations of the subject, by showing how the law works, demonstrating its application through extracts from cases and judgments, and by giving students the tools and the confidence to think critically about the law will they gain a complete understanding.

This book is accompanied by free online resources, which feature resources for students and lecturers including the following:
- Guidence for answering end-of-chapter questions in the book
- Self-test question with instant feedback
- A flashcard glossary of key terms
- Updates on legislation and case law

Recenzijas

Review from previous edition A clearly laid out, user-friendly and well written textbook that brings together explanation and commentary with case extracts, providing a useable and intelligent approach to the subject that students find helpful. * Adam Gearey, Professor of Law, Birkbeck, University of London * The concepts, issues, and cases are explained clearly. The authors explain the law on trusts simply, whilst still retaining the detail and complexity of the subject. * Katharine Davies, Senior Lecturer in Law, Northumbria University *

Table of cases
xxxi
Table of statutes
xxxix
Table of statutory instruments
xli
Table of international treaties and conventions
xli
1 The birth of equity and trusts
1(26)
1.1 What is equity?
1(2)
1.2 Origin of equity
3(4)
1.2.1 The common law side of the chancellor
4(1)
1.2.2 The equitable side of the chancellor: `For the love of God and in the way of Charity'
4(1)
1.2.3 So the next question Is how did the chancellor begin to go it alone despite his lack of intention to do so?
5(1)
1.2.4 From love of God and charity to the rules of equity and good conscience: sixteenth century
5(2)
1.3 What became of the chancery jurisdiction after Earl of Oxford but before the Judicature Act?
7(1)
1.4 The reform of the Court of Equity
8(1)
1.5 The Supreme Court of Judicature Acts 1873-5: fusion of rules or amalgamation of administrations?
9(6)
1.5.1 A fusion of administration, not rules
10(1)
1.5.2 A fusion of rules, not just administration
11(2)
1.5.3 The Commonwealth approach to the Judicature Act
13(2)
1.6 The modern relevance of equity
15(1)
1.6.1 Equity after the Judicature Acts: has it gone past childbearing?
15(1)
1.7 Trusts
16(3)
1.8 Types of trusts
19(1)
1.9 Nature of trusts
19(4)
1.9.1 Trust and contract
19(3)
1.9.2 Trust and agency
22(1)
1.10 The recognition of trusts
23(1)
1.11 Maxims of equity
24(1)
1.12 Examples of equitable maxims
24(3)
Summary
25(1)
Questions
25(1)
Key cases
26(1)
Further reading
26(1)
2 The different types of trust
27(26)
2.1 What is a trust?
27(3)
2.1.1 Settlor
28(1)
2.1.2 Trustee
28(1)
2.1.3 Beneficiary
29(1)
2.2 What & property?
30(2)
2.3 What trusts are used for
32(2)
2.3.1 Rights in equity
34(1)
2.4 Trusts today---a definition
34(2)
2.5 Classification of trusts
36(3)
2.5.1 Private trusts
36(1)
2.5.2 Public trusts
36(1)
2.5.3 Express trusts
36(1)
2.5.4 Fixed trusts
37(1)
2.5.5 Discretionary trusts
37(1)
2.5.6 Secret trusts
38(1)
2.5.7 Bare trusts
38(1)
2.5.8 Blind trusts
38(1)
2.5.9 STAR trusts
38(1)
2.6 Resulting trusts
39(2)
2.6.1 Automatic resulting trust
39(1)
2.6.2 Presumed resulting trust
40(1)
2.7 Constructive trusts
41(3)
2.7.1 Constructive trusts and `good conscience'
42(2)
2.8 Implied trusts
44(1)
2.9 Quistclose-type trusts
44(5)
2.9.1 Distinctive characteristics of `Quistclose' trusts
44(1)
2.9.2 An express trust followed by a resulting trust
45(1)
2.9.3 Other views on how these trusts work
46(3)
2.10 Wills and intestacies
49(4)
2.10.1 The differences between trustees and personal representatives
49(1)
Summary
50(1)
Questions
51(1)
Key cases
51(1)
Further reading
52(1)
3 Trusts and powers and the three certainties
53(32)
3.1 The different types of trust and powers
53(1)
3.1.1 Powers of appointment
53(1)
3.1.2 Fixed trust
54(1)
3.1.3 Discretionary trust
54(1)
3.2 Power (mere or bare or personal)
54(1)
3.2.1 The duties of the appointor
54(1)
3.2.2 The rights of the beneficiaries
55(1)
3.3 Fiduciary power
55(3)
3.3.1 The difference between a mere power and a fiduciary power
55(1)
3.3.2 The duties of the trustees in a fiduciary power
56(1)
3.3.3 The rights of beneficiaries in a fiduciary power
57(1)
3.4 Discretionary trust (sometimes called a trust power or power in the form of a trust)
58(3)
3.4.1 The duties of trustees in a discretionary trust
58(1)
3.4.2 The rights of beneficiaries under a discretionary trust
58(2)
3.4.3 Exhaustive and non-exhaustive discretionary trusts
60(1)
3.5 The three certainties
61(1)
3.6 Certainty of intention
61(3)
3.6.1 Older cases involving precatory words
61(1)
3.6.2 More modern declarations of trust
62(2)
3.7 Certainty of subject matter
64(4)
3.7.1 Clearly describing the trust property
64(2)
3.7.2 The type of property involved
66(2)
3.8 Certainty of objects
68(11)
3.8.1 Certainty of objects in fixed trusts
69(1)
3.8.2 Certainty of objects in fiduciary powers
70(1)
3.8.3 What does the new test mean?
71(1)
3.8.4 Restating the certainty of objects test
72(2)
3.8.5 Certainty of objects in discretionary trusts
74(1)
3.8.6 The modern certainty of objects test for discretionary trusts
75(2)
3.8.7 Applying the certainty of objects test to a discretionary trust
77(2)
3.9 Administrative unworkability
79(2)
3.9.1 Discretionary trusts
79(1)
3.9.2 Fiduciary powers
80(1)
3.10 Certainty of objects in conditional gifts
81(1)
3.10.1 At least one person meets the condition
81(1)
3.10.2 `The independent expert'
82(1)
3.11 The effects of absence of the three certainties
82(3)
Summary
82(1)
Questions
83(1)
Key cases
83(1)
Further reading
84(1)
4 The formality requirements and incompletely constituted trusts
85(34)
4.1 Analyse the transaction
85(1)
4.1.1 What sort of property is it?
85(1)
4.1.2 What are the parties trying to do?
86(1)
4.2 There are different writing requirements for different types of property
86(6)
4.2.1 Land
86(2)
4.2.2 Chattels, goods
88(2)
4.2.3 Choses in action
90(2)
4.3 Dispositions of equitable interests must be in writing
92(9)
4.3.1 In some cases the court held that writing was required
92(5)
4.3.2 In two celebrated cases the court held that writing was not required
97(4)
4.4 When the writing requirements can be waived
101(1)
4.4.1 Oras declarations of trust over land
101(1)
4.4.2 Oral contracts for the sale of land
102(1)
4.5 Incompletely constituted trusts
102(3)
4.5.1 The proper legal procedure must be followed
102(1)
4.5.2 The three methods to make a gift
103(1)
4.5.3 An ineffective transfer will not be treated as an effective declaration
104(1)
4.6 Moderating the rule
105(4)
4.7 Consequences of a completely constituted trust
109(1)
4.8 Incompletely constituted trusts: covenants to settle property
109(10)
4.8.1 Marriage settlements
110(1)
4.8.2 Equitable or marriage consideration
110(1)
4.8.3 Equity will not aid a volunteer
111(3)
4.8.4 Exceptions to this rule
114(2)
4.8.5 Contracts for third parties
116(1)
Summary
116(1)
Questions
117(1)
Key cases
117(1)
Further reading
118(1)
5 Proprietary estoppel
119(22)
5.1 The different types of estoppel
119(2)
5.1.1 Promissory estoppel
120(1)
5.1.2 Is there one principle of equitable estoppel?
120(1)
5.2 Defining proprietary estoppel
121(4)
5.2.1 Building on someone else's land
121(1)
5.2.2 `The five probanda'
121(1)
5.2.3 Unconscionability
122(1)
5.2.4 By itself, unconscionability is not enough
123(1)
5.2.5 Is there a distinction between business and domestic cases?
124(1)
5.3 Representation
125(4)
5.3.1 A representation of future rights
125(1)
5.3.2 Estoppel may restrict testamentary freedom
126(1)
5.3.3 Acquiescence in the claimant's mistaken belief
127(2)
5.4 Reliance
129(1)
5.4.1 Why did the claimant act to their detriment?
129(1)
5.4.2 People act from mixed motives
130(1)
5.5 Detriment
130(3)
5.5.1 Detriment as expenditure on land
130(1)
5.5.2 Detriment is an essential element of estoppel
131(1)
5.5.3 Detriment need not involve spending money on land
131(1)
5.5.4 Weighing up detriment against personal advantage
132(1)
5.6 The remedy
133(2)
5.6.1 The minimum equity to do justice
133(1)
5.6.2 What the defendant promised
133(1)
5.6.3 The remedy should be in proportion to the detriment suffered
134(1)
5.7 The need for writing
135(2)
5.7.1 Statutory writing requirements
135(1)
5.7.2 Is proprietary estoppel excused from statutory writing requirements?
135(1)
5.7.3 Did the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989 change the law?
136(1)
5.8 Proprietary estoppel and constructive trusts
137(4)
5.8.1 A proprietary estoppel and constructive trust could exist on the same facts
137(1)
5.8.2 A proprietary estoppel can be based on a representation
138(1)
5.8.3 Proprietary estoppel has a flexible remedy
138(1)
5.8.4 Proprietary estoppel, constructive trust, resulting trust, and the family home
138(1)
Summary
139(1)
Questions
139(1)
Key cases
140(1)
Further reading
140(1)
6 The disposal of property on death
141(35)
6.1 Wills
141(2)
6.1.1 General characteristics of wills
141(1)
6.1.2 The doctrine of incorporation by reference
142(1)
6.2 Secret trusts
143(13)
6.2.1 The origins of the secret trust
143(1)
6.2.2 The difference between fully and half-secret trusts
143(1)
6.2.3 Fully secret trusts
144(1)
6.2.4 Intention
144(1)
6.2.5 Communication
145(1)
6.2.6 Acquiescence
146(1)
6.2.7 A secret trust can even affect a person who did not make the promise
147(1)
6.2.8 Proof
148(1)
6.2.9 Disclaiming the trust
148(1)
6.2.10 Half-secret trusts
149(1)
6.2.11 Half-secret trusts require communication before the will
150(3)
6.2.12 Changes to the secret trust
153(1)
6.2.13 Communication if there is more than one trustee
154(1)
6.2.14 What sort of trust are secret trusts?
155(1)
6.3 Mutual wills
156(8)
6.3.1 A mutual will requires identical wills and a contract
157(2)
6.3.2 The mutual will is enforced by a `floating trust'
159(2)
6.3.3 Is there consideration for the contract?
161(1)
6.3.4 Is the contract a contract: for the sale of land?
162(1)
6.3.5 A mutual will can be revoked, while both spouses are still alive
163(1)
6.3.6 What property is bound by the mutual will?
163(1)
6.4 Donatio mortis causa: `death-bed gifts'
164(6)
6.4.1 An exception to the normal rules of property transfer
164(1)
6.4.2 The three requirements for a valid `donatio'
165(1)
6.4.3 Contemplation of death
165(2)
6.4.4 Intention to give conditional upon death
167(1)
6.4.5 Delivery of dominion over the subject matter of the gift
168(1)
6.4.6 Can all types of property be the subject matter of a donatio?
169(1)
6.5 The rule in Strong v Bird
170(6)
6.5.1 The original rule
171(1)
6.5.2 The rule is extended to imperfect gifts
171(1)
6.5.3 Land may pass under the rule in Strong v Bird
172(1)
6.5.4 The rule in Strong v Bird continues to exist
172(1)
6.5.5 Strong v Bird and marriage settlements
172(1)
Summary
173(1)
Questions
174(1)
Key cases
174(1)
Further reading
175(1)
7 Resulting trusts
176(20)
7.1 The two types of resulting trust
176(1)
7.2 The automatic resulting trust
177(5)
7.2.1 Failure to declare a trust
177(1)
7.2.2 Failure of the trust
178(1)
7.2.3 Surplus after completion of purpose
179(2)
7.2.4 Surplus in a pension fund
181(1)
7.3 The theory of resulting trusts
182(3)
7.4 Presumed resulting trusts
185(2)
7.4.1 Voluntary transfer to another
185(2)
7.4.2 Purchase in the name of another
187(1)
7.5 The presumption of advancement
187(2)
7.5.1 The theory
187(1)
7.5.2 Transfer from husband to wife
188(1)
7.5.3 Transfer from father to child
188(1)
7.6 The importance of the presumptions today
189(2)
7.6.1 Rebutting the presumptions
189(1)
7.6.2 Theabolition of the presumption of advancement
190(1)
7.7 Illegality
191(5)
Summary
194(1)
Questions
195(1)
Key cases
195(1)
Further reading
195(1)
8 Unincorporated associations and the beneficiary principle
196(23)
8.1 Unincorporated associations have no legal personality
196(1)
8.2 Possible legal structures for unincorporated associations
197(7)
8.2.1 An unincorporated association as a trust
197(1)
8.2.2 The property of an unincorporated association is shared between the members
198(3)
8.2.3 The members of an unincorporated association have a contract between themselves
201(1)
8.2.4 The property of an unincorporated association is the property of the leader
201(1)
8.2.5 An unincorporated association can satisfy the beneficiary principle
202(1)
8.2.6 Do any of the legal structures for unincorporated associations work?
203(1)
8.3 The dissolution of unincorporated associations
204(7)
8.3.1 Resulting trust
204(2)
8.3.2 Contract and resulting trust
206(1)
8.3.3 Contract
207(3)
8.3.4 A special kind of joint tenancy
210(1)
8.4 Purpose trusts
211(8)
8.4.1 The beneficiary principle
211(1)
8.4.2 The exceptions to the rule
212(1)
8.4.3 Trusts for monuments or graves
213(1)
8.4.4 Trusts for the maintenance of particular animals
214(1)
8.4.5 Miscellaneous
215(1)
8.4.6 Trusts for the saying of masses
216(1)
Summary
217(1)
Questions
217(1)
Key cases
217(1)
Further reading
217(2)
9 Charitable trusts
219(53)
9.1 The advantages of charitable status
220(1)
9.1.1 Legal advantages
220(1)
9.1.2 Tax advantages
220(1)
9.2 The Charity Commission
221(1)
9.3 The legal definition of charity
221(7)
9.3.1 The Preamble
221(2)
9.3.2 The four heads of charity
223(1)
9.3.3 The `twelve heads of charity'
224(1)
9.3.4 Public benefit
225(1)
9.3.5 The Charities Act 2011 and public benefit
226(2)
9.4 The relief of poverty
228(5)
9.4.1 The definition of poverty
228(3)
9.4.2 Public benefit and the relief of poverty
231(2)
9.5 The advancement of education
233(11)
9.5.1 Education includes teaching and research
233(2)
9.5.2 Education includes the advancement of culture
235(1)
9.5.3 The value of the education provided
235(2)
9.5.4 Political purposes
237(3)
9.5.5 Public benefit in the advancement of education
240(4)
9.6 The advancement of religion
244(6)
9.6.1 The definition of religion
244(1)
9.6.2 When is a `religion' unacceptable?
245(3)
9.6.3 Public benefit in the advancement of religion
248(2)
9.7 Other purposes beneficial to the community
250(5)
9.7.1 Aged, impotent, and sick
251(2)
9.7.2 Public benefit in charities to relieve the aged and impotent
253(2)
9.8 Saving lives
255(1)
9.9 Animal welfare
255(3)
9.9.1 Animals useful to mankind
255(1)
9.9.2 To reduce the pain and suffering of animals
256(1)
9.9.3 Public benefit in animal charities
256(2)
9.10 Sport and recreation
258(5)
9.10.1 `Mere sport'
258(1)
9.10.2 Sport as part of education
259(1)
9.10.3 Sport and public benefit
260(3)
9.11 The cy-pres doctrine
263(9)
9.11.1 When cy-pres applies
263(1)
9.11.2 Subsequent failure
264(1)
9.11.3 Initial failure
265(3)
9.11.4 Amalgamation and merger of charities
268(2)
Summary
270(1)
Questions
270(1)
Key cases
271(1)
Further reading
271(1)
10 The duties of trustees: with special reference to investment
272(27)
10.1 What is investment?
272(2)
10.1.1 Loans at a rate of interest
273(1)
10.1.2 Participation in a profit-making enterprise
273(1)
10.2 The historical background
274(1)
10.3 The Trustee Act 2000
275(1)
10.3.1 The modern investment power for trustees
275(1)
10.4 The duty of care
275(2)
10.5 Investment: advice and selection
277(1)
10.5.1 The standard investment criteria
277(1)
10.5.2 When trustees must seek investment advice
277(1)
10.6 Excluding iho Act
278(1)
10.7 The effect of the Act
279(1)
10.8 Acquisition of land
279(1)
10.9 The liability of trustees
280(5)
10.9.1 The duty of reasonable care and skill
280(2)
10.9.2 The extent of trustees' liability
282(3)
10.10 Ethical investment
285(1)
10.11 Delegation
286(6)
10.11.1 The old case law
286(2)
10.11.2 Trustee functions that can be delegated
288(1)
10.11.3 The terms upon which agents are employed
288(1)
10.11.4 Trustees must supervise their agent
289(2)
10.11.5 The liability of the trustees for their agent
291(1)
10.12 Information for the beneficiaries
292(7)
10.12.1 The beneficiaries have the right to see trust documents
293(1)
10.12.2 Beneficiaries have no automatic right to information
293(2)
10.12.3 Trustees are not obliged to give reasons for their decisions
295(2)
Summary
297(1)
Questions
297(1)
Key cases
298(1)
Further reading
298(1)
11 Maintenance and advancement and protective trusts
299(21)
11.1 Maintenance
300(7)
11.1.1 Express powers of maintenance
300(1)
11.1.2 Exclusion of maintenance
301(1)
11.1.3 The statutory power of maintenance
302(1)
11.1.4 Duty to maintain an adult beneficiary
303(1)
11.1.5 Accumulations
304(1)
11.1.6 There must be income from which to maintain
304(1)
11.1.7 Contingent pecuniary legacies
305(1)
11.1.8 The power of the courts to award maintenance
306(1)
11.2 Advancement
307(6)
11.2.1 The meaning of advancement
307(2)
11.2.2 The statutory power of advancement
309(1)
11.2.3 Express powers of advancement
310(1)
11.2.4 The advance need not be made directly to the beneficiary
311(2)
11.2.5 The courts' power to authorize advancements
313(1)
11.3 The exercise of discretion
313(1)
11.4 Protective trusts
314(6)
11.4.1 The purpose of a protective trust
314(1)
11.4.2 How a protective trust works
315(1)
11.4.3 Determining events
316(1)
11.4.4 Protecting the beneficiary
317(1)
Summary
317(1)
Questions
318(1)
Key cases
319(1)
Further reading
319(1)
12 The appointment of trustees
320(25)
12.1 The general duties of trustees
320(1)
12.2 Who may be a trustee?
321(3)
12.2.1 Ordinary trustees
321(1)
12.2.2 The number of trustees
321(1)
12.2.3 Unanimity
322(1)
12.2.4 Trust corporations
322(1)
12.2.5 The Public Trustee
322(1)
12.2.6 Custodian trustees
323(1)
12.2.7 Judicial trustees
323(1)
12.3 `The court will not allow a trust to fail for want of a trustee'
324(1)
12.4 Disclaimer
324(2)
12.5 The appointment of trustees
326(6)
12.5.1 Express powers
326(1)
12.5.2 The surviving or continuing trustees
327(1)
12.5.3 The personal representatives of the last surviving trustee
328(1)
12.5.4 Section 36(1) is a replacement power
329(1)
12.5.5 The situations in which a trustee may be replaced
330(2)
12.6 The appointment of additional trustees
332(1)
12.7 The appointment of trustees by the beneficiaries
332(2)
12.7.1 The beneficiaries could not appoint trustees
332(1)
12.7.2 Beneficiaries are given the power to appoint trustees
333(1)
12.8 The appointment of trustees by the court
334(3)
12.8.1 The courts' power in s 41 of the Trustee Act 1925
335(1)
12.8.2 The selection of trustees by the court
335(2)
12.9 The vesting of the legal estate in the trustees
337(1)
12.10 The retirement of trustees
338(1)
12.11 The removal of trustees
339(6)
12.11.1 The removal of trustees to protect the beneficiaries
339(3)
12.11.2 Removal of trustees by the court is rare
342(1)
Summary
343(1)
Questions
343(1)
Key cases
344(1)
Further reading
344(1)
13 Variation of trust
345(17)
13.1 Adult beneficiaries
346(1)
13.2 Powers to vary a trust
347(3)
13.2.1 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973
347(1)
13.2.2 Mental Health Act 1983
347(1)
13.2.3 Trustee Act 1925
348(1)
13.2.4 Settled Land Act 1925
349(1)
13.2.5 The inherent power of the court
349(1)
13.3 Variation of Trusts Act 1958
350(1)
13.3.1 What is an arrangement?
350(1)
13.3.2 Is an arrangement a disposition of an equitable interest?
351(1)
13.4 For whom does the court consent?
351(3)
13.4.1 The meaning of s 1(1)(b)
352(1)
13.4.2 Adult beneficiaries
353(1)
13.5 What is benefit?
354(8)
13.5.1 The wishes of the settlor/testator
354(1)
13.5.2 Tax saving
355(1)
13.5.3 Export of the trust
356(2)
13.5.4 Moral and social benefit
358(2)
Summary
360(1)
Questions
360(1)
Key cases
361(1)
Further reading
361(1)
14 Breach of trust
362(29)
14.1 The trustees' duty of care
363(1)
14.1.1 The standard of care
363(1)
14.2 The fiduciary nature of trusteeship
364(1)
14.3 Equitable compensation
365(6)
14.3.1 The traditional duty to restore the trust fund
365(1)
14.3.2 Equitable compensation in the modem age
366(1)
14.3.3 Difficulties in assessing the level of compensation
367(1)
14.3.4 Should the test of liability be causation?
367(3)
14.3.5 The trustees' liability for lack of reasonable care and skill
370(1)
14.4 The liability of individual trustees
371(3)
14.4.1 A `sleeping' trustee is liable for the actions of the other trustees
371(1)
14.4.2 When a trustee can escape liability
372(1)
14.4.3 The trustees' liability to the beneficiaries
373(1)
14.4.4 The liability of retiring trustees
373(1)
14.5 The criminal liability of trustees
374(1)
14.6 Protection of trustees
375(8)
14.6.1 Trustee exemption clauses
375(2)
14.6.2 Consent of the beneficiaries
377(1)
14.6.3 Impounding the beneficiaries' interests
378(1)
14.6.4 Section 61 of the Trustee Act 1925
379(4)
14.7 Limitation
383(8)
14.7.1 The time limits for commencing an action
383(1)
14.7.2 There is no statutory time limit for fraud or to recover trust property
384(1)
14.7.3 The limitation period applies if it is not a `true' trust
385(2)
14.7.4 Limitation periods for future beneficiaries
387(1)
14.7.5 The doctrine of laches
387(2)
Summary
389(1)
Questions
389(1)
Key cases
390(1)
Further reading
390(1)
15 Constructive trusts and fiduciary duty
391(44)
15.1 Who are fiduciaries?
391(3)
15.1.1 Examples of a fiduciary relationship
392(2)
15.2 The duties of trustees/fiduciaries
394(8)
15.2.1 The fiduciary must not profit from the trust
395(1)
15.2.2 Payment of the fiduciary/trustee must be authorized
396(1)
15.2.3 The trustee/fiduciary must not purchase trust property
396(1)
15.2.4 Fiduciaries must avoid conflicts of interest and duty
397(3)
15.2.5 The fiduciary cannot act for another without permission
400(1)
15.2.6 The trustee/fiduciary must not compete with the trust
401(1)
15.2.7 The trustee/fiduciary must not use confidential information
401(1)
15.3 Are secret profits held on constructive trust?
402(6)
15.3.1 The fiduciary has to remove trust property for a constructive trust to arise
402(1)
15.3.2 All secret profits are held on constructive trust
403(1)
15.3.3 Confidential information is treated as trust property
403(1)
15.3.4 Bribes are held on constructive trust
404(1)
15.3.5 If the fiduciary takes an opportunity that belongs to the beneficiaries the secret profit is held on constructive trust
405(1)
15.3.6 The modern law: all secret profits are held on constructive trust
406(2)
15.4 Different types of constructive trust
408(4)
15.4.1 There are two types of constructive trust
408(1)
15.4.2 Remedial constructive trust
409(1)
15.4.3 The new model constructive trust
409(1)
15.4.4 US remedial constructive trust
410(1)
15.4.5 Rejection of the remedial constructive trust
411(1)
15.5 Constructive trust as a remedy
412(4)
15.5.1 The three categories of `remedial' constructive trust
412(1)
15.5.2 Are these constructive trusts really trusts?
413(1)
15.5.3 Intermeddler trustee de son tort
414(1)
15.5.4 Executor de son tort
415(1)
15.5.5 Solicitors as trustees de son tort
415(1)
15.6 Constructive trustees and knowledge
416(14)
15.6.1 Knowing receipt of trust property or recipient liability
417(1)
15.6.2 Liability based on constructive knowledge
417(1)
15.6.3 The true test for liability is actual knowledge
418(2)
15.6.4 What does unconscionability mean?
420(1)
15.6.5 Knowing assistance in a dishonest and fraudulent design or accessory liability
421(1)
15.6.6 Actual knowledge
421(1)
15.6.7 Constructive knowledge
422(1)
15.6.8 Dishonesty
423(2)
15.6.9 The subjective element in dishonesty
425(2)
15.6.10 The objective standard of dishonesty
427(2)
15.6.11 Recovery of profits
429(1)
15.7 Vicarious liability
430(1)
15.8 Other remedies
431(4)
15.8.1 Unjust enrichment
431(1)
15.8.2 Rejection of unjust enrichment
432(1)
Summary
432(1)
Questions
433(1)
Key cases
433(1)
Further reading
434(1)
16 Tracing
435(23)
16.1 What is tracing?
435(2)
16.1.1 A definition of tracing
435(1)
16.1.2 Common law and equitable tracing
436(1)
16.2 Common law tracing
437(3)
16.2.1 The property may change its form
438(1)
16.2.2 The property may increase in value
439(1)
16.3 Equitable tracing
440(12)
16.3.1 The need for a trust or fiduciary relationship
440(2)
16.3.2 Tracing into a mixed fund
442(1)
16.3.3 The wrongdoer spends his own money first
443(1)
16.3.4 The ru le of the lowest intermediate balance
444(1)
16.3.5 Tracing into overdrawn bank accounts
445(2)
16.3.6 The first in, first out rule: the rule in Clayton's Case
447(2)
16.3.7 Increases in value
449(3)
16.4 Tracing against volunteers
452(6)
16.4.1 Bona fide purchaser for value without notice
452(2)
16.4.2 Innocent volunteers
454(1)
16.4.3 The change-of-position defence
455(1)
Summary
455(1)
Questions
456(1)
Key cases
457(1)
Further reading
457(1)
17 Trusts of the family home
458(36)
17.1 The myth of common law marriage
459(1)
17.2 Declarations of trust
460(2)
17.2.1 Land requires I written declaration of trust
460(1)
17.2.2 Joint tenants or tenants in common
461(1)
17.3 Solutions from equity (historical explanation)
462(4)
17.3.1 Resulting trust
462(1)
17.3.2 Proprietary estoppel
463(1)
17.3.3 Constructive trust
464(2)
17.4 Sole name cases---acquiring a beneficial interest: the two categories in Lloyds Bankv Rosset
466(2)
17.4.1 Common intention constructive trust type 1 --- oral agreement and acting to one's detriment
466(1)
17.4.2 Common intention constructive trust type 2 --- direct financial contributions
467(1)
17.4.3 Lloyds Bonk vRosset and other cases
467(1)
17.5 Oral agreement and detriment
468(6)
17.5.1 The oral agreement
468(2)
17.5.2 Actions that qualify as detrimental reliance
470(2)
17.5.3 Actions that do not qualify as detrimental reliance
472(2)
17.6 Financial contributions
474(1)
17.7 Indirect financial contributions
475(1)
17.8 Quantifying the size of the equitable interests
476(8)
17.8.1 This is the second stage of the process
476(1)
17.8.2 The whole course of dealing
477(3)
17.8.3 Joint tenants and the whole course of dealing
480(4)
17.9 What sort of trust is this?
484(2)
17.10 Reform of the law
486(8)
17.10.1 Law Commission: sharing homes
486(1)
17.10.2 Reform of the law by the courts
487(2)
17.10.3 Law Commission: cohabitation
489(2)
Summary
491(1)
Questions
492(1)
Key cases
493(1)
Further reading
493(1)
18 Equitable remedies
494(37)
18.1 Injunctions
495(1)
18.1.1 Injunctions are discretionary
495(1)
18.1.2 Against whom can injunctive orders be made?
496(1)
18.2 Types of injunction
496(3)
18.2.1 Requirements for the grant of injunctions
496(1)
18.2.2 Is there any limit to the court's jurisdiction to grant injunctions?
497(2)
18.3 Principles guiding the grant of injunctions
499(4)
18.3.1 Inappropriateness of legal remedies such as damages
500(1)
18.3.2 Past and future conduct of claimants
501(1)
18.3.3 Futility of an order
502(1)
18.4 When would the courts award damages instead of injunction?
503(10)
18.4.1 Principles applicable to the grant of damages in lieu of injunctions
503(3)
18.4.2 Principles guiding the grant of interim injunctions
506(2)
18.4.3 What does `frivolous or vexatious' mean in this context?
508(1)
18.4.4 American Cyanamid's six guiding principles for granting interim injunctions
509(3)
18.4.5 Limits or exceptions to American Cyanamid principles
512(1)
18.5 Specific interim injunctions
513(4)
18.5.1 Freezing injunctions: freezing the assets of the defendant
514(1)
18.5.2 Principles guiding the grant of freezing injunctions
515(2)
18.6 Search order
517(5)
18.6.1 The old law
517(1)
18.6.2 The new law: the Anton Filler case
518(1)
18.6.3 The rationale of search order distinguished from Entick v Carrington
518(2)
18.6.4 Guidelines for granting search order
520(1)
18.6.5 Safeguards to protect the defendants
520(2)
18.7 Specific performance
522(2)
18.8 On what grounds may the court refuse specific performance?
524(7)
18.8.1 Contract relating to personalty
524(1)
18.8.2 Contracts requiring constant supervision by the court
525(1)
18.8.3 Contracts to carry on a business or any comparable series of activities
526(1)
18.8.4 Contract for personal services
526(1)
18.8.5 Contract lacking in mutuality
527(1)
18.8.6 Where specific performance will be futile
527(1)
Summary
528(1)
Questions
528(1)
Key cases
529(1)
Further reading
529(2)
Glossary 531(4)
Index 535