| Preface |
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xiii | |
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Relevance of Biomedical Data Compression |
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1 | (14) |
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1 | (1) |
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The management of digital data using PACS |
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2 | (2) |
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2 | (1) |
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The limitations of installing a PACS |
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3 | (1) |
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The increasing quantities of digital data |
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4 | (4) |
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An example from radiology |
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4 | (2) |
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An example from anatomic pathology |
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6 | (1) |
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An example from cardiology with ECG |
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7 | (1) |
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Increases in the number of explorative examinations |
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8 | (1) |
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Legal and practical matters |
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8 | (1) |
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The role of data compression |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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State of the Art of Compression Methods |
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15 | (28) |
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15 | (1) |
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Outline of a generic compression technique |
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16 | (5) |
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17 | (1) |
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Quantizing the decorrelated information |
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18 | (1) |
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Coding the quantized values |
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18 | (2) |
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Compression ratio, quality evaluation |
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20 | (1) |
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Compression of still images |
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21 | (12) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Compression of still color images with JPEG |
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25 | (1) |
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JPEG standard: conclusion |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Decomposition of images with the wavelet transform |
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27 | (2) |
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Quantization and coding of subbands |
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29 | (1) |
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Wavelet-based compression methods, serving as references |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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The compression of image sequences |
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33 | (5) |
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DCT-based video compression scheme |
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34 | (2) |
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A history of and comparison between video standards |
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36 | (2) |
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Recent developments in video compression |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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The compression of 3D objects |
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39 | (1) |
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Conclusion and future developments |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (3) |
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Specificities of Physiological Signals and Medical Images |
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43 | (34) |
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43 | (1) |
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Characteristics of physiological signals |
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44 | (6) |
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Main physiological signals |
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44 | (1) |
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Electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Physiological signal acquisition |
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46 | (1) |
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Properties of physiological signals |
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46 | (1) |
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Properties of EEG signals |
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46 | (2) |
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Properties of ECG signals |
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48 | (2) |
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Specificities of medical images |
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50 | (23) |
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The different features of medical imaging formation processes |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (3) |
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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54 | (4) |
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58 | (4) |
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62 | (4) |
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Anatomopathological imaging |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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Properties of medical images |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Spatial and temporal resolution |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (3) |
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Standards in Medical Image Compression |
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77 | (24) |
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77 | (2) |
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Standards for communicating medical data |
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79 | (8) |
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Who creates the standards, and how? |
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79 | (1) |
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Standards in the healthcare sector |
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80 | (1) |
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Technical committee 251 of CEN |
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80 | (1) |
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Technical committee 215 of the ISO |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (5) |
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85 | (1) |
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Synergy between the standards bodies |
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86 | (1) |
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Existing standards for image compression |
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87 | (12) |
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87 | (2) |
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Image compression in the DICOM standard |
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89 | (1) |
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The coding of compressed images in DICOM |
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89 | (3) |
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The types of compression available |
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92 | (3) |
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Modes of access to compressed data |
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95 | (4) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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Quality Assessment of Lossy Compressed Medical Images |
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101 | (28) |
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101 | (1) |
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Degradations generated by compression norms and their consequences in medical imaging |
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102 | (3) |
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102 | (1) |
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Fading contrast in high spatial frequencies |
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103 | (2) |
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Subjective quality assessment |
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105 | (9) |
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105 | (1) |
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Analyzing the diagnosis reliability |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (3) |
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Analyses that are not based on the ROC method |
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111 | (1) |
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Analyzing the quality of diagnostic criteria |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (1) |
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Objective quality assessment |
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114 | (11) |
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Simple signal-based metrics |
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115 | (1) |
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Metrics based on texture analysis |
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115 | (2) |
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Metrics based on a model version of the HVS |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Spatio-frequency decomposition |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Visual distortion measures |
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120 | (3) |
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Analysis of the modification of quantitative clinical parameters |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (4) |
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Compression of Physiological Signals |
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129 | (26) |
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129 | (1) |
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Standards for coding physiological signals |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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Time-domain EEG compression |
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131 | (1) |
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Frequency-domain EEG compression |
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132 | (1) |
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Time-frequency EEG compression |
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132 | (1) |
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Spatio-temporal compression of the EEG |
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132 | (1) |
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Compression of the EEG by parameter extraction |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (17) |
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133 | (1) |
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Evaluation of the performances of ECG compression methods |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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ECG compression for real-time transmission |
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136 | (1) |
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Time domain ECG compression |
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136 | (5) |
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Compression of the ECG in the frequency domain |
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141 | (3) |
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ECG compression for storage |
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144 | (1) |
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Synchronization and polynomial modeling |
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145 | (4) |
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Synchronization and interleaving |
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149 | (1) |
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Compression of the ECG signal using the JPEG 2000 standard |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (4) |
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Compression of 2D Biomedical Images |
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155 | (32) |
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155 | (1) |
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Reversible compression of medical images |
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156 | (4) |
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Lossless compression by standard methods |
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156 | (1) |
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Specific methods of lossless compression |
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157 | (1) |
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Compression based on the region of interest |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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Lossy compression of medical images |
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160 | (13) |
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Quantization of medical images |
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160 | (1) |
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Principles of vector quantization |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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Balanced tree-structured vector quantization |
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163 | (1) |
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Pruned tree-structured vector quantization |
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163 | (1) |
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Other vector quantization methods applied to medical images |
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163 | (1) |
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DCT-based compression of medical images |
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164 | (3) |
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JPEG 2000 lossy compression of medical images |
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167 | (1) |
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Optimizing the JPEG 2000 parameters for the compression of medical images |
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167 | (3) |
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170 | (1) |
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Some specific compression methods |
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171 | (1) |
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Compression of mammography images |
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171 | (1) |
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Compression of ultrasound images |
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172 | (1) |
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Progressive compression of medical images |
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173 | (8) |
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State-of-the-art progressive medical image compression techniques |
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173 | (1) |
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LAR progressive compression of medical images |
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174 | (1) |
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Characteristics of the LAR encoding method |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (2) |
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Hierarchical region encoding |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (5) |
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Compression of Dynamic and Volumetric Medical Sequences |
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187 | (24) |
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187 | (3) |
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Reversible compression of (2D+t) and 3D medical data sets |
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190 | (2) |
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Irreversible compression of (2D+t) medical sequences |
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192 | (4) |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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Conventional video coding techniques |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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2D+t wavelet-based coding systems limits |
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195 | (1) |
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Irreversible compression of volumetric medical data sets |
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196 | (11) |
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Wavelet-based intra coding |
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196 | (1) |
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Extension of 2D transform-based coders to 3D data |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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3D wavelet-based coding based on scalar or vector quantization |
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198 | (1) |
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Embedded 3D wavelet-based coding |
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199 | (5) |
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Object-based 3D embedded coding |
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204 | (1) |
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Performance assessment of 3D embedded coders |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (3) |
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Compression of Static and Dynamic 3D Surface Meshes |
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211 | (36) |
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211 | (2) |
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Definitions and properties of triangular meshes |
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213 | (3) |
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Compression of static meshes |
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216 | (13) |
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Single resolution mesh compression |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Multi-resolution compression |
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219 | (1) |
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Mesh simplification methods |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (9) |
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Compression of dynamic meshes |
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229 | (10) |
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230 | (1) |
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Prediction-based techniques |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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Clustering-based techniques |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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Application to dynamic 3D pulmonary data in computed tomography |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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Appendix A: mesh via the MC algorithm |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (6) |
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Hybrid Coding: Encryption-Watermarking-Compression for Medical Information Security |
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247 | (30) |
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247 | (1) |
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Protection of medical imagery and data |
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248 | (3) |
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Legislation and patient rights |
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248 | (1) |
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A wide range of protection measures |
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249 | (2) |
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Basics of encryption algorithms |
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251 | (6) |
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Encryption algorithm classification |
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251 | (1) |
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The DES encryption algorithm |
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252 | (1) |
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The AES encryption algorithm |
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253 | (1) |
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Asymmetric block system: RSA |
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254 | (1) |
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Algorithms for stream ciphering |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (8) |
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258 | (1) |
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Coding images by asynchronous stream cipher |
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258 | (1) |
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Applying encryption to medical images |
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259 | (2) |
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Selective encryption of medical images |
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261 | (4) |
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Medical image watermarking and encryption |
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265 | (7) |
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Image watermarking and health uses |
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265 | (1) |
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Watermarking techniques and medical imagery |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (2) |
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Confidentiality and integrity of medical images by data encryption and data hiding |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (4) |
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Transmission of Compressed Medical Data on Fixed and Mobile Networks |
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277 | (26) |
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277 | (1) |
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Brief overview of the existing applications |
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278 | (1) |
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The fixed and mobile networks |
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279 | (8) |
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279 | (1) |
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Presentation, definitions and characteristics |
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279 | (2) |
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The different structures and protocols |
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281 | (1) |
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Improving the Quality of Service |
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281 | (1) |
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Wireless communication systems |
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282 | (1) |
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Presentation of these systems |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (3) |
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Transmission of medical images |
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287 | (12) |
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287 | (1) |
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Transmission inside a hospital |
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287 | (1) |
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Transmission outside hospital on fixed networks |
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287 | (1) |
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Transmission outside hospital on mobile networks |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (4) |
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Presentation of some solutions and directions |
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293 | (1) |
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Use of error correcting codes |
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294 | (3) |
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Unequal protection using the Mojette transform |
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297 | (2) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (3) |
| Conclusion |
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303 | (2) |
| List of Authors |
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305 | (4) |
| Index |
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309 | |
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