| Preface |
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xi | |
| About the Author |
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xvi | |
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The Cochlea, Hair Cells, and Compression |
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1 | (21) |
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1 | (1) |
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A Sketch of Cochlear Anatomy and Physiology |
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1 | (5) |
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Inner and Outer Hair Cells: Structure and Function |
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6 | (2) |
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The Passive, Asymmetrical Traveling Wave |
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8 | (2) |
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OHCs and Active Traveling Wave |
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10 | (4) |
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Damaged Hair Cells and Hearing Loss |
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14 | (4) |
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Presbycusis: The Most Common Type of Hearing Loss |
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16 | (1) |
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Hearing Aids for the Damaged Cochlea |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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The Cochlear Dead Spot Concept: Implications for Hearing Aid Fittings |
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22 | (20) |
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22 | (1) |
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What Are Cochlear Dead Regions? |
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23 | (2) |
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The TEN Test CD: Description, Procedure, and Rationale |
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25 | (2) |
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Hearing Losses Commonly Associated with Cochlear Dead Regions |
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27 | (4) |
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The TEN Test and Moderate Reverse SNHL |
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27 | (2) |
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The TEN Test and Severe, Precipitous High-Frequency SNHL |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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The TEN Test: Old Version in dB SPL versus Audiometric Testing in dB HL |
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31 | (1) |
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Case Studies with the TEN Test |
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32 | (1) |
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Case 1: A Subject with Normal Hearing |
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32 | (1) |
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Case 2: A Subject with Sloping High-Frequency SNHL |
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33 | (1) |
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Case 3: A Subject with a Severe-Profound Mid-High-Frequency SNHL |
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34 | (1) |
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Dead Regions and Implications for Amplification |
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35 | (1) |
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Perceptions of Sounds within a Dead Hair Cell Region |
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36 | (1) |
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A New Version of the TEN Test |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Why So Many Different Hearing Aid Fitting Methods? |
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42 | (22) |
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42 | (1) |
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Lenses for the Eye versus Hearing Aids for the Ear |
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43 | (5) |
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44 | (1) |
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The Speech-in-Noise Problem |
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45 | (3) |
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A Short History of Hearing Aid Technology |
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48 | (4) |
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50 | (2) |
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A Short History of Linear - Based Fitting Methods |
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52 | (8) |
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Can't We Just ``Mirror'' the Audiogram with Gain? |
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53 | (2) |
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Lybarger's Half-Gain Rule |
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55 | (5) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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Compression and the DSL and NAL-NL1 Fitting Methods |
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64 | (29) |
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64 | (2) |
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Loudness Growth and Consequences of a Reduced Dynamic Range |
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66 | (3) |
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Compression and Normal Loudness Growth |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (6) |
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Case 1: A Subject with Unusual ``Cookie-Bite'' Mild-to-Moderate SNHL |
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77 | (2) |
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Case 2: A Subject with a Flat SNHL |
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79 | (1) |
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The NAL-NL1 Fitting Method |
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80 | (7) |
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DSL versus NAL-NL1: How Do They Compare? |
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83 | (4) |
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Some Reflections on Fitting Methods |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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The Many Faces of Compression |
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93 | (40) |
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93 | (2) |
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A Word about Input/Output Graphs |
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95 | (3) |
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Input Compression versus Output Compression |
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98 | (4) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (2) |
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Clinical Uses of Input and Output Compression |
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102 | (1) |
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Compression Controls: Conventional versus ``TK'' |
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102 | (5) |
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Conventional Compression Control |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Clinical Uses of Output Limiting and TK Compression Controls |
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105 | (2) |
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Output Limiting Compression versus Wide Dynamic Range Compression (WDRC) |
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107 | (7) |
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Output Limiting Compression |
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108 | (1) |
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Wide Dynamic Range Compression (WDRC) |
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109 | (1) |
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Clinical Applications of Output Limiting Compression and WDRC |
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110 | (4) |
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BILL and TILL: Two Types of WDRC |
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114 | (2) |
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Common Clinical Combinations of Compression |
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116 | (5) |
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A Compression Combination for Severe-to-Profound Hearing Loss |
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116 | (1) |
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A Compression Combination for Mild-to-Moderate Hearing Loss |
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117 | (4) |
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Dynamic Aspects of Compression |
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121 | (6) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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Interaction Between Static and Dynamic Aspects of Compression |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (3) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Multi-Channel Programmable Hearing Aids |
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133 | (15) |
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133 | (1) |
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Programmable Hearing Aids |
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134 | (3) |
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Multichannel Hearing Aids |
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137 | (8) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (40) |
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148 | (5) |
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``Digital'' versus ``Analog'' |
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149 | (3) |
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Open Platform versus Closed Platform |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Digital Architecture: Channels and Bands |
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153 | (7) |
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Automatic Feedback Reduction |
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160 | (2) |
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Digital Combinations of Compression |
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162 | (7) |
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Dynamic Compression Characteristics in Digital Hearing Aids |
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166 | (1) |
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Adaptive Dynamic Range Optimization (ADRO™) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (2) |
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Digital Noise Reduction (DNR) Methods |
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171 | (7) |
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Digital Noise Reduction (DNR) in Digital Hearing Aids |
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174 | (4) |
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Two Examples of Early Digital Hearing Aids |
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178 | (2) |
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Digital Hearing Aids: State of the Art and the Future |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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Clinical Benefits of Directional Microphones Versus Digital Noise Reduction |
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188 | (29) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (12) |
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How Directional Microphones Work |
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191 | (4) |
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Directional Microphones: How They are Measured |
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195 | (4) |
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The Present and Future for Directional Microphones |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (7) |
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202 | (4) |
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Why Are There No Single-Channel Digital Hearing Aids Offering DNR? |
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206 | (2) |
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Directional Microphones and DNR as a Team |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (2) |
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A Classes of Hearing Aid Amplifiers, A, B, D, and H: Where's Class C? |
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213 | (3) |
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B Answers to Summary Questions |
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216 | (1) |
| Index |
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217 | |
