About the Author |
|
vii | |
Acknowledgments |
|
ix | |
Preface |
|
xiii | |
|
Prologue: Introduction to the Computational Art Therapy (CAT) Keynote |
|
|
|
P.1 The need of computer technologies in the field of art therapy |
|
|
|
P.1.1 Present status of computer technologies in art therapy |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
P.1.2 Problems and difficulties in art therapy |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
P.1.3 Computer technologies as a solution |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
P.1.4 The definition of Computational Art Therapy (CAT) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
P.2 Computer technologies relevant to art therapy |
|
|
|
P.2.1 Built-in functions of a computer |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
P.2.2 Techniques of digital image processing |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
P.2.5 Statistical methods |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
P.3 Taxonomy of color-related elements in the C_CREATES for art evaluation |
|
|
|
P.3.1 Classification of evaluation elements in art therapy tools |
|
|
10 | (3) |
|
P.3.2 Reliability of art evaluation |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
P.4 The computer systems for art interpretation |
|
|
|
P.4.1 Traditional methods and computer systems for art interpretation |
|
|
15 | (2) |
|
P.4.2 Validity of art interpretation |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
P.5 Organization of the book |
|
|
18 | (4) |
|
|
22 | (7) |
|
|
|
Chapter 1 Evaluation of Basic Elements in the Computerized Color-Related Elements Art Therapy Evaluation System (C_CREATES)(I) Abstract and Summary |
|
|
|
1.1 Built-in functions of a computer |
|
|
|
1.1.1 Color in art therapy |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
1.1.3 Color classification |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
1.2 Techniques in digital image processing |
|
|
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (2) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
1.3 Evaluation of basic elements in the C_CREATES |
|
|
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
1.3.2 Verifications of the C_CREATES |
|
|
40 | (6) |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
Chapter 2 Evaluation of Basic Elements in the C_CREATES (II) Summary |
|
|
|
2.1 Elements related with color definitions, space colored, and pattern coloring |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
2.2 Primary /secondary, warm/cool, and complementary colors |
|
|
|
2.2.1 Elements related with color definitions |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
2.3 Number of colored grids and area of colored convex hull |
|
|
|
2.3.1 Elements related with space colored |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
2.4 Completeness and accuracy |
|
|
|
2.4.1 Elements related with pattern coloring |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
56 | (2) |
|
2.5 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
Chapter 3 A Computer System for Rating Variety of Colors Summary |
|
|
|
3.1 Importance of color-related elements |
|
|
59 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
61 | (3) |
|
|
|
3.3.1 Inter-rater reliability |
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
|
66 | (3) |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
Chapter 4 Judgment of Main Color Using Computer Algorithm Keynote |
|
|
|
|
70 | (3) |
|
4.2 Procedure of main color judgment |
|
|
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
4.2.2 Computer algorithms |
|
|
73 | (3) |
|
|
|
4.3.1 Inter-rater reliability |
|
|
76 | (3) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Chapter 5 Determination of Placement Using Techniques of Digital Image Processing Key points |
|
|
|
5.1 The element of placement in art therapy tools |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
5.2 Methods for edge detection and definition of placement category |
|
|
|
5.2.1 Methods for edge detection |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
5.2.2 Definitions of placement categories |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
5.3 Determination of placement category |
|
|
|
5.3.1 Information on placement category |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
5.3.2 Information on other elements of drawings |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
87 | (4) |
|
5.4.2 Inter-rater reliability |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
5.4.4 Other useful information |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
Chapter 6 Grading and Ranking Prominence of Color and Details of Drawing Using Regression Models Key point |
|
|
|
|
93 | (2) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
6.3 Evaluations by human raters and their inter-rater reliabilities |
|
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
96 | (4) |
|
6.4 Evaluation by regression models |
|
|
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
6.6 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
106 | (2) |
|
Chapter 7 Evaluation of Space Usage in a Drawing and Degree of Concentration in a Pattern Coloring Key points |
|
|
|
7.1 Importance of space usage and degree of concentration |
|
|
108 | (3) |
|
7.2 Regression models for the evaluation of space usage in grade and rank |
|
|
|
7.2.1 Possible independent variables |
|
|
111 | (3) |
|
7.2.2 Inter-rater reliabilities in the evaluation of dependent variables |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
7.3 Regression model for the evaluation of concentration in rank |
|
|
|
7.3.1 Sample pattern colorings |
|
|
117 | (2) |
|
7.3.2 Inter-rater reliability |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
7.3.3 A regression model and its validity |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
7.4 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
121 | (2) |
|
Chapter 8 A Bridge from Part One to Part Two: Computerization of Art Evaluation and Its Application to Art Interpretation Abstract |
|
|
|
8.1 An approach to developing a computerized evaluation system and its connection to art interpretation |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
8.2 Computerization of the Face Stimulus Assessment (FSA) |
|
|
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
8.2.2 Algorithms and criteria for each element |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
8.2.3 Elements in the Computerized Face Stimulus Assessment (c_FSA) |
|
|
126 | (3) |
|
8.2.4 Reliability and validity of the c_FSA |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
8.3 Application of the evaluation results in Part One to the interpretation in Part Two |
|
|
|
8.3.1 Relationships between the space usage in the PPAT and severity, and degree of dementia |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
8.3.2 Relationships of the five elements in the c_FSA |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
PART TWO ART INTERPRETATION |
|
|
|
Chapter 9 An Expert System Approach to Art Interpretation Abstract |
|
|
|
9.1 Various factors considered in art interpretation |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
9.2 An expert system for art interpretation |
|
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
139 | (3) |
|
|
142 | (4) |
|
9.2.4 Advantages of the system |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
147 | (2) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (2) |
|
Chapter 10 Reasoning Process of an Expert System for Art Therapy Abstract |
|
|
|
10.1 Modeling human decision process |
|
|
152 | (2) |
|
10.2 Process of diagnosis consisting of nine sub-processes |
|
|
|
10.2.1 Requirements of art interpretation process in expert system |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
10.2.2 Model of reasoning process |
|
|
155 | (3) |
|
10.3 Reliability, consistency, and learning abilities |
|
|
158 | (3) |
|
10.4 Knowledge base for each stage |
|
|
161 | (2) |
|
|
163 | (4) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
Chapter 11 An Expert System for Interpreting the Structured Mandala Coloring (SMC) Drawings Abstract and summary |
|
|
|
11.1 The Structured Mandala Coloring (SMC) as a subject of expert system |
|
|
168 | (3) |
|
|
|
11.2.1 Knowledge expression |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
11.2.2 Structure of knowledge base |
|
|
172 | (4) |
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
|
178 | (3) |
|
|
181 | (3) |
|
Chapter 12 Computerized Kinetic Family Drawing Using Patterns (p_KFD) Summary |
|
|
|
12.1 The Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) as a subject of computerizing |
|
|
184 | (3) |
|
12.2 Questionnaires with fact base |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
12.3 Composition and coloring |
|
|
188 | (3) |
|
12.4 Evaluation of elements and detection of changes |
|
|
|
12.4.1 Evaluation of elements in the KFD |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
12.4.2 Detection of changes in two KFD drawings |
|
|
193 | (4) |
|
12.5 Interpretation with knowledge base |
|
|
197 | (4) |
|
12.6 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
201 | (3) |
|
Chapter 13 Computerized Structured Mandala Coloring (c_SMC) for Differentiation and Identification of Psychological States Using Statistical Methods Key Points |
|
|
|
13.1 The Structured Mandala Coloring (SMC) as a subject of computerization |
|
|
204 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
|
13.3.1 Differentiation of groups |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
13.3.2 Identification of a group |
|
|
210 | (2) |
|
|
212 | (2) |
|
13.4 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
Chapter 14 Statistical Models for Estimating Level of Psychological Disorder Abstract |
|
|
|
14.1 Regression model to estimate degree of dementia using structured mandala |
|
|
216 | (3) |
|
|
|
14.2.1 Application to dementia |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
14.2.2 Model I: Estimation of levels of dementia |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
14.2.3 Model II: Probability of severe dementia |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
14.3 Results and system validity |
|
|
|
14.3.1 Selection of independent variables and their effects in Model I |
|
|
221 | (4) |
|
14.3.2 Selection of independent variables and their effects in Model II |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
14.5 Discussion, conclusion, and further study |
|
|
228 | (4) |
|
Chapter 15 A Statistical Approach to Comparing the Effectiveness of Several Art Therapy Tools in Estimating Level of a Psychological State Abstract |
|
|
|
15.1 A generalized approach to compare effectiveness of several art therapy tools |
|
|
232 | (2) |
|
15.2 Approach: Regression model |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
|
15.3.1 Subjects of psychological disorder and art therapy tools |
|
|
235 | (2) |
|
15.3.2 Independent variables |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (5) |
|
15.4 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
Chapter 16 Probabilistic Art Interpretation Using Bayesian Network Abstract and keynote |
|
|
|
16.1 Probabilistic interpretation vs. deterministic interpretation |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
|
247 | (3) |
|
16.3 A Bayesian network-based art interpretation |
|
|
250 | (2) |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
16.5 Discussion and conclusion |
|
|
253 | (2) |
Epilogue Searching for the Advancement of Art Therapy |
|
255 | (4) |
Appendix: Companion S/W |
|
259 | (11) |
Glossary |
|
270 | (2) |
Copyright Permissions |
|
272 | (3) |
Bibliography |
|
275 | (14) |
Index |
|
289 | |