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E-grāmata: Computer Relaying for Power Systems

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(Cornell University), (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Jul-2009
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780470747575
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Computer Relaying for Power SystemsPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Jul-2009
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780470747575
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Phadke (emeritus, electrical and computer engineering, Virginia Tech) and Thorp (electrical and computer engineering, Virginia Tech) provide an updated second edition of their book on computer relays, originally published in 1988. Since publication of the first edition, computer relays have become the preferred protective devices. Updates in technology and applications include adaptive relaying, wide area measurements, signal processing, new GPS-based measurement techniques, and artificial intelligence and digital relays. Additional new material includes sigma-delta and oversampling A/D converters, self-polarizing and cross-polarizing in transmission lines protection and optical current and voltage transformers. The book will interest both students and professionals. While technical, the book is well-written. Co-published with Research Studies Press. Annotation ©2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Since publication of the first edition of Computer Relaying for Power Systems in 1988, computer relays have been widely accepted by power engineers throughout the world and in many countries they are now the protective devices of choice.

The authors have updated this new edition with the latest developments in technology and applications such as adaptive relaying, wide area measurements, signal processing, new GPS-based measurement techniques and the application of artificial intelligence to digital relays. New material also includes sigma-delta and oversampling A/D converters, self-polarizing and cross-polarizing in transmission lines protection and optical current and voltage transformers.

Phadke and Thorp have been working together in power systems engineering for more than 30 years. Their impressive work in the field has been recognized by numerous awards, including the prestigious 2008 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Electrical Engineering for their pioneering contributions to the development and application of microprocessor controllers in electric power systems.

  • Provides the student with an understanding of computer relaying
  • Authored by international authorities in computer relaying
  • Contents include relaying practices, mathematical basis for protective relaying algorithms, transmission line relaying, protection of transformers, machines and buses, hardware organization in integrated systems, system relaying and control, and developments in new relaying principles
  • Features numerous solved examples to explain several of the more complex topics, as well as a problem at the end of each chapter
  • Includes an updated list of references and a greatly expanded subject index.

Recenzijas

"The book will interest both students and professionals. While technical, the book is well-written." (Book News, December 2009)

About the Authors xi
Preface to the First Edition xiii
Preface to the Second Edition xv
Glossary of Acronyms xvii
Introduction to computer relaying
1(24)
Development of computer relaying
1(1)
Historical background
2(1)
Expected benefits of computer relaying
3(3)
Cost
3(1)
Self-checking and reliability
4(1)
System integration and digital environment
4(1)
Functional flexibility and adaptive relaying
5(1)
Computer relay architecture
6(6)
Analog to digital converters
12(4)
Successive approximation ADC
13(2)
Delta-sigma ADC
15(1)
Anti-aliasing filters
16(3)
Substation computer hierarchy
19(2)
Summary
21(4)
Problems
21(1)
References
22(3)
Relaying practices
25(30)
Introduction to protection systems
25(1)
Functions of a protection system
26(4)
Protection of transmission lines
30(10)
Overcurrent relays
30(2)
Directional relays
32(3)
Distance relays
35(3)
Phasor diagrams and R-X diagrams
38(1)
Pilot relaying
39(1)
Transformer, reactor and generator protection
40(4)
Transformer protection
40(3)
Reactor protection
43(1)
Generator protection
43(1)
Bus protection
44(1)
Performance of current and voltage transformers
45(6)
Current transformers
45(2)
Voltage transformers
47(1)
Electronic current and voltage transformers
48(3)
Summary
51(4)
Problems
51(2)
References
53(2)
Mathematical basis for protective relaying algorithms
55(54)
Introduction
55(1)
Fourier series
55(7)
Exponential fourier series
58(2)
Sine and cosine fourier series
60(2)
Phasors
62(1)
Other orthogonal expansions
62(1)
Walsh functions
63(1)
Fourier transforms
63(17)
Properties of fourier transforms
69(11)
Use of fourier transforms
80(3)
Sampling
81(2)
Discrete fourier transform
83(3)
Introduction to probability and random process
86(8)
Random variables and probability distributions
86(1)
Probability distributions and densities
87(2)
Expectation
89(1)
Jointly distributed random variables
90(1)
Independence
91(1)
Linear estimation
92(1)
Weighted least squares
93(1)
Random processes
94(4)
Filtering of random processes
97(1)
Kalman filtering
98(5)
Summary
103(6)
Problems
103(5)
References
108(1)
Digital filters
109(28)
Introduction
109(1)
Discrete time systems
109(3)
Operations on discrete time sequences
110(1)
Convolution
110(2)
Discrete time systems
112(1)
Transforms
113(6)
Power series
113(1)
Z Transforms
114(1)
Inverse Z transforms
115(1)
Properties of Z transforms
116(2)
Discrete time fourier transform
118(1)
Digital filters
119(2)
Windows and windowing
121(1)
Linear phase
122(2)
Approximation - filter synthesis
124(2)
Wavelets
126(3)
Elements of artificial intelligence
129(4)
Artificial neural networks
129(2)
Decision trees
131(1)
Agents
132(1)
Conclusion
133(4)
Problems
133(2)
References
135(2)
Transmission line relaying
137(52)
Introduction
137(5)
Sources of error
142(5)
Relaying as parameter estimation
147(19)
Curve fitting algorithms
149(1)
Fourier algorithms
149(2)
Fourier algorithms with shorter windows
151(1)
Recursive forms
152(2)
Walsh function algorithms
154(1)
Differential-equation algorithms
155(7)
Kalman filter algorithms
162(1)
Removal of the DC offset
163(3)
Beyond parameter estimation
166(4)
Relay programs based upon fault classification
166(4)
Symmetrical component distance relay
170(12)
SCDFT
172(2)
Transient monitor
174(2)
Speed reach considerations
176(4)
A relaying program
180(2)
Newer analytic techniques
182(1)
Wavelet applications
182(1)
Agent applications
182(1)
Protection of series compensated lines
183(2)
Summary
185(4)
Problems
185(1)
References
186(3)
Protection of transformers, machines and buses
189(24)
Introduction
189(1)
Power transformer algorithms
190(10)
Current derived restraints
191(3)
Voltage based restraints
194(1)
Flux restraint
195(4)
A restraint function based on the gap in inrush current
199(1)
Generator protection
200(4)
Differential protection of stator windings
200(2)
Other generator protection functions
202(1)
Sampling rates locked to system frequency
203(1)
Motor protection
204(1)
Digital bus protection
204(4)
Summary
208(5)
Problems
209(1)
References
210(3)
Hardware organization in integrated systems
213(16)
The nature of hardware issues
213(1)
Computers for relaying
214(2)
The substation environment
216(1)
Industry environmental standards
217(3)
Countermeasures against EMI
220(2)
Supplementary equipment
222(1)
Power supply
222(1)
Auxiliary relays
222(1)
Test switches
222(1)
Interface panel
223(1)
Redundancy and backup
223(2)
Servicing, training and maintenance
225(1)
Summary
226(3)
References
227(2)
System relaying and control
229(26)
Introduction
229(1)
Measurement of frequency and phase
230(3)
Least squares estimation of f and df/dt
232(1)
Sampling clock synchronization
233(1)
Application of phasor measurements to state estimation
234(11)
WLS estimator involving angle measurements
237(1)
Linear state estimator
238(4)
Partitioned state estimation
242(2)
PMU locations
244(1)
Phasor measurements in dynamic state estimation
245(3)
State equation
247(1)
Monitoring
248(1)
Sequence of events analysis
248(1)
Incipient fault detection
248(1)
Breaker health monitoring
249(1)
Control applications
249(1)
Summary
250(5)
Problems
250(1)
References
251(4)
Relaying applications of traveling waves
255(30)
Introduction
255(1)
Traveling waves on single-phase lines
255(7)
Traveling waves on three-phase lines
262(5)
Traveling waves due to faults
265(2)
Directional wave relay
267(2)
Traveling wave distance relay
269(3)
Differential relaying with phasors
272(3)
Traveling wave differential relays
275(1)
Fault location
276(3)
Impedance estimation based fault location
276(2)
Fault location based on traveling waves
278(1)
Other recent developments
279(1)
Summary
280(5)
Problems
280(1)
References
281(4)
Wide area measurement applications
285(24)
Introduction
285(1)
Adaptive relaying
285(1)
Examples of adaptive relaying
286(5)
Transmission line protection
287(1)
Transformer protection
288(1)
Reclosing
289(2)
Wide area measurement systems (WAMS)
291(1)
WAMS architecture
291(1)
WAMS based protection concepts
292(13)
Adaptive dependability and security
293(1)
Monitoring approach of apparent impedances towards relay characteristics
294(1)
WAMS based out-of-step relaying
295(5)
Supervision of backup zones
300(1)
Intelligent load shedding
301(1)
Adaptive loss-of-field
302(1)
Intelligent islanding
303(1)
System wide integration of SIPS
304(1)
Load shedding and restoration
304(1)
Summary
305(4)
Problems
306(1)
References
306(3)
Appendix A
309(4)
Representative system data
309(1)
Transmission lines
309(2)
Transformers
311(1)
Generators
311(1)
Power system
311(1)
References
312(1)
Appendix B
313(4)
Standard sampling rates
313(2)
References
315(2)
Appendix C
317(4)
Conversion between different sampling rates
317(3)
References
320(1)
Appendix D
321(2)
Standard for transient data exchange
321(1)
References
322(1)
Index 323
Arun Phadke is Professor of Electrical Engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.

James S Thorp is Professor and Department Head at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.
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